HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-00
RESOLUTION NO. 3-00
A RESOLUTION of the City Council of the City of Port Angeles,
Washington, adopting the C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan.
WHEREAS, the C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, which
as presented to the City Council on April 18
, 2UOO , contains elements that are
mportant to the City's solid waste management programs and updates the 1993 Solid Waste
anagement Plan; and
WHEREAS, the C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan was
repared in accordance with Chapter 70.95 RCW, which requires that the City either adopt the
ounty-wide plan or develop its own plan which must be approved by the Department of Ecology;
nd
WHEREAS, throughout the process of developing this plan, public input was sought in
umerous ways, and the involvement of the C1allam County Solid Waste Advisory Committee
SW AC) was an important part of the plan development;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Port
nge1es as follows:
The City Council hereby adopts the C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste
anagement Plan, which is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
PASSED by the City Council of the City of Port Angeles at a regular meeting of said
-1-
.".
PPROVED AS TO FORM:
:\R2000.02.wpd
ay 2, 2000 (7:59AM)
-2-
-
Exhibit "A"
FINAL DRAFT
-
CLALLAM COUNTY
COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN
March 2000
Prepared for:
Clallam County Road Department
223 East Fourth Street
;port Angeles, Washington 98362-3098
Prepared by:
Green Solutions
PO BOI 680
South Prairie, W A 98385-0680
(360) 897-9533
Printed on Recycled and Recyclable Paper
T'
CONTENTS
CHAPTERS
~
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction ...................,.." .........,.......,..............,....... ......................,.... .......... E-l
Background ...,.....,.........................................,..............,.................................. E-2
Recommendations........................."......................",...................... ...... ,........... E-2
Process and Schedule for Adoption of the CSWMP ........................................., E-9
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Role and Purpose ............... ........................ .................... ............ .............. 1-1
1.2 Relationship to Other Plans ........... ............................................. .............. 1-2
1.3 Previous Solid Waste Plans .............................. ..... ............. ........ .............. 1-2
1.4 Process and Schedule for Updating the CSWMP ...................................... 1-4
1.5 Goals and Objectives of the CSWMP ...................................................... 1-5
2 BACKGROUND OF THE PLANNING AREA
2.1 Description of the Planning Area ................ .................. ........................... 2-1
2.2 Evaluation of Potential Sites for Solid Waste Facilities .....................,...... 2-2
2.3 Quantity and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in Clallam County.. 2-8
3 WASTE DIVERSION
3.1 Introduction..... ................."......,..,..... .............. ...........,............... ............. 3-1
3.2 Waste Prevention ......................."..",..... .........., .......................,.....,. ........ 3-2
3.3 Recycling...." ........ .............................,.. ............,. ...... ..................... ......... 3-7
3.4 Composting ............................. ............,...., ............................................. 3-15
3.5 Alternative Technologies ........................................................................ 3-23
4 COLLECTION AND TRANSFER
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................,................ 4-1
4.2 Solid Waste Collection ...... ......................... ............... ......................... ..... 4-1
4,3 In-County Transfer ....,. ........., ......... ........... ................. ... .................,.... ,... 4-7
5 DISPOSAL
5.1 Introduction ............." ...........,..,. ,........,..... ... ...,....,.......,. ...............,.......... 5-1
5.2 Incineration.. ....................,.......,. ............,..., ................, ........ ...........,....... 5-1
5.3 In County Landfilling .............................................................................. 5-4
5.4 ImportlExport.............................. ..... ...,...................,.,...,..,...................... 5-9
5.5 Alternative Disposal Methods ...................................... ........................... 5-19
Final Draft. Clal/am County Solid Waste Management Plan
Page ii
11
Table of Contents, Continued
6 REGULATION AND ADMINISTRATION
6.1 Introduction. . . . , . . . . .. .......... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. . .. . . . . . . . .... . .. .. ..... . ..................... 6-1
6.2 Regulation and Administration ................................................................ 6-1
7 SPECIAL WASTES
7. 1 Introduction..........................,............................. ...............,..................... 7-1
7.2 Agricultural Wastes ... ....................... ...........,................,."...... ... ......... ,.... 7-1
7.3 Animal Carcasses ..."...,........................................................................... 7-4
7.4 Asbestos Wastes .......................... ................................... ....... ..... ............. 7-4
7.5 Ash ...... .......................... .................... .................... ...... ....... ..................... 7-5
7.6 Auto Hulks .............................................. .............. ............. ....... .............. 7-6
7.7 Biomedical Wastes ................... ..................... ................. ......................... 7-6
7.8 Biosolids (Sewage Sludge and Septage) ................................................... 7-7
7.9 Construction, Demolition and Land-Clearing (CDL) Wastes .................... 7-8
7.10 Contaminated Soils ...................... .............,......................... ....... .............. 7-9
7.11 Dredge Spoils .................. .................,................. .............................. ...... 7-10
7.12 Moderate Risk Wastes .............. ................... ................... ........................ 7-10
7.13 Tires.",..................... ................................................................... ........... 7-11
7 .14 Wood Wastes ....................... ..................... ............... .................. ............ 7-12
8 SEP A COMPLIANCE
8.1 Introduction...,.. ...,..........................,........................................................ 8-1
8.2 Environmental Checklist ........... ....................................... ........................ 8-2
8.3 Determination of Nonsignificance ....................................... ........ ............ 8-20
GLOSSARY..."., ..........................". ................. ......., .............. ................... .................. G-l
REFEREN C ES ................................................................,.......,.........,.......................... R-l
APPENDICES
A Summary of Recommendations from Related Plans
B Resolutions of Adoption
C WUTC Cost Assessment Questionnaire
D Garbage Collection and Disposal Rates
Final Draft, Clallam County Solid Waste Management Plan
Page iii
Table of Contents, Continued
LIST OF TABLES
~
E.l Summary of Recommendations ......................... .................................... E-lO
1.1 Status of Recommendations from the 1993 CSWMP ,..,........................... 1-3
2.1 Clallam County Population by Area ......................................................... 2-3
2.2 Clallam County Population Trends .......................................................... 2-3
2.3 Municipal Solid Waste Quantities ............................................................ 2-9
2.4 Projected Solid Waste Quantities ........... .................. .................. ............. 2-10
2.5 Estimated Solid Waste Composition in Clallam County .......................... 2-11
2.6 Recycled Quantities by Material ............. ................... ..................... ........ 2-13
3.1 Six-Year Cost Schedule for Public Facilities for Waste Prevention ........... 3-7
3.2 Current Recycling Services in C1allam County ......................................... 3-8
3.3 Typical Market Values for Recyclable Materials ..................................... 3-12
3.4 Current Yard Debris Services in Clallam County .................................... 3-15
3.5 Projected Results of Recycling and Composting Programs
in Clallam County ...... ............................................................... .... 3-22
4.1 Summary of Collection and Transfer Services .......................................... 4-2
5.1 Waste Handling Facilities in Clallam County........................................... 5-5
5.2 Six-Year Cost Schedule for Public Facilities for Waste Export ................ 5-20
6.1 Waste Disposal Permit Fees .....,........ ................ ................................. ...... 6-4
6,2 Comparison of Administrative Options .................................................... 6-9
7,1 Estimated Quantity of Agricultural Wastes in Clallam County................. 7-3
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2.1 Disposal Facilities in Clallam County..................................................... 2-14
5.1 Timeline for Implementation of Waste Export System ............................ 5-18
Final Draft. Clallam County Solid Waste Management Plan
Pageiv
C1allam County CompreheDsive Solid Waste Management Plan, Filial Draft
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
This Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP) was prepared to provide a guide
for future solid waste activities within Clallam County. This CSWMP was developed in response
to the Solid Waste Management Act, which states:
"Each county within the State, in cooperation with the various cities located within such
county, shall prepare a coordinated, comprehensive solid waste management plan"
(Section 70.95.080).
This CSWMP must address solid waste management throughout the County. The incorporated
areas, which include the cities of Forks, Port Angeles and Sequim, had the option to develop their
own plans but have chosen to participate in the County's planning process. The various Tribes in
Clallam County have their own solid waste disposal site (in the case of the Makah Indian
Reservation) or use County transfer facilities and the Port Angeles Landfill (for all others).
Because this CSWMP may impact their current and future solid waste management options,
review and adoption by the Tribal Councils is recommended for the Makah Tribe, the Quileute
Tribe, and the Elwha and Jamestown Bands of the S'Klallam Tribe.
The minimum contents of this CSWMP are specified by State law (RCW 70.95.090) and further
described in Guidelines for the Development of Local Solid Waste Management Plans and Plan
Revisions issued by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology 1990). The Solid Waste
Management Act further specifies that this CSWMP must "be maintained in a current and
applicable condition" through periodic review and revisions (RCW 70.95.1 ~O).
This CSWMP was prepared through a team effort involving the Clallam County Road
Department, a solid waste advisory committee (SW AC), and a consultant (Green Solutions). All
of the parties involved provided information that was used in this CSWMP. The SW AC
members represented not only the interests of their respective agencies and businesses, but as
residents and members of the community they also represented the public's interest.
The objectives for this update of the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan are to:
· review recommendations from previous plans.
· review current solid waste regulations and policies, giving particular attention to waste
reduction, recycling and future disposal needs,
· extend the planning period to 2020 and develop current waste generation data.
· review existing facilities and solid waste handling practices, and identify additional needs.
· assess alternatives and develop recommendations for future action, incorporating the results
of recent studies done for Clallam County, the City of Port Angeles and others.
· consider options that use private expertise where those capabilities are available.
Executive Summary
Page E- J
ClaUam CouDly ComprebeDsive Solid Waste MP-vn-rt Plan, Filial DIaft
~ develop capital cost estimates and implementation schedules for required improvements with
emphasis on those improvements required within a 6-year period (by 2005).
~ strike an equitable balance between convenience, expense, environmental quality, and public
health and welfare.
~ incorporate flexibility to anticipate future needs.
~ encourage cooperative and coordinated efforts among government agencies, private
companies and the public, to achieve effective management of solid waste.
~ provide a road map to guide the County through anticipated changes in solid waste disposal
caused by the future closure of the Port Angeles Landfill.
;
BACKGROUND
The current (1997) amount of solid waste generated in Clallam County is 56,690 tons per year.
Of this, about 20 percent is recycled and composted. The amount of waste generated in the
County is expected to increase to 70,700 tons per year in 2020; At the current recycling and
composting rate, 14,380 tons per year of this future amount will be diverted while 56,320 tons per
year will be disposed.
Data is provided in the CSWMP on the composition of the disposed waste stream, although this
data is based on a statewide study that is not specific to Clallam County's local conditions and is
likely outdated. A local study is recommended before the County or another party makes a
significant investment (such as for a waste processing facility) that depends on this information.
RECOMMENDA nONS
Many of the recommendations in this CSWMP are for refinements or enhancements to the
existing solid waste management system. and as such do not represent a large change from
current activities. In the area of waste disposal, however, the County will need to undertake a
very substantial change to develop a new system to replace the Port Angeles Landfill. Although
the closure date for the Port Angeles Landfill is not expected to be until December 31, 2006, the
activities required to implement a new disposal system will need to begin no later than October
2002. This plan recommends in favor of exporting waste to a large regional landfill outside of the
county as the new disposal method. Most of the counties in western Washington are already
exporting waste to regional landfills in eastern Washington and Oregon because the economic
and environmental advantages oflarge landfills in the drier parts of this region more than
outweigh the increased transportation costs of shipping waste hundreds of miles.
In addition to implementing a new disposal system, there are several associated changes that will
be needed by 2005, such as the County (or a new agency fonned through an interlocal agreement)
taking a lead role in the solid waste management system. When the new waste export system is
implemented, there may also be a shift in priorities for recycling and changes in the handling of
special waste streams. The cost of disposal may increase, and the incremental (per-ton) cost will
also become clearer for many people, leading to a renewed interest in recycling and other waste
diversion methods. For special waste streams (such as ash and construction debris), disposal
Executive Summary
Page E-2
.".
C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
A variety of soils are required for the construction and operation of a landfill. Silts, clay or clay-
like soils are used for landfill liners and final cover (caps) because these fine-grained soils tend to
retard the movement of precipitation, gas and leachate. Porous soils, such as sands and gravels,
are undesirable because these may permit rainfall to enter the landfill (increasing leachate and gas
production) and allow the uncontrolled migration of landfill leachate and methane gas. Thus,
sand or gravel is not suitable for landfill cover or liners; however, gravel is often used for
intermediate cover because it provides better traction for landfill machinery in wet weather.
Coarse-grained materials such as sand and gravel, common in Clallam County, can also be used
for gas venting and leachate collection systems. Detailed soils studies will be necessary for
evaluating potential sites for any proposed solid waste disposal facilities.
Groundwater
Distance to groundwater, measured in feet or in terms of the time that surface water takes to
travel through the soil to the groundwater, is an important criterion for the siting of solid waste
disposal facilities. Shallow layers of groundwater and/or short travel times are a problem due to
the risks associated with spills and contaminated runoff from waste facilities. Other factors such
as existing and potential beneficial uses of the groundwater are also significant considerations,
especially if the groundwater is, or could be, used for drinking water. A large percentage of the
population in Clallam County depends on private wells for drinking water supplies.
Groundwater must also be considered when siting or designing solid waste handling facilities
because shallow groundwater can result in higher construction and maintenance costs, interfere
with excavation, and require non-standard foundations.
Flooding
Areas known to experience flooding are not good sites for solid waste facilities. Solid waste
facilities often entail risks not associated with other types of development, such as the potential to
create contaminated runoff. Additionally, solid waste facilities must remain operational during
and after natural disasters to handle the large amount of debris that may be created.
Surface Water
Two large lakes, Lake Ozette and Lake Crescent, and several smaller lakes are located in the
County. Numerous creeks and rivers are also present, generally draining from interior areas to
the coastline. Regulatory standards require that new disposal facilities be located more than 200
feet from surface waters, which eliminates a substantial amount of land for a water-rich area such
as Clallam County.
SloDe
Much of Clallam County is mountainous and has a slope that poses serious problems for solid
waste disposal facilities. Steep slopes pose problems for site development and future access to
the site. The lower valleys and coastal terrace areas have gentler slopes; therefore, these areas
could receive consideration for siting solid waste handling facilities. However, these areas also
have high value for other purposes, such as agriculture and housing.
Chaprer2:Background
Page 2-4
.
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Omft
Table 2.1. Clallam County Population by Area.
1980 19901 19971
Incorporated Areas:
Forks 3,060 2,838 3,460
Port Angeles 17,311 17,710 18,890
Sequim 3.013 3.617 4.375
Subtotal, Incorporated 23,384 24,165 26,725
Unincorporated Areas: 3,0003
Tribes 2,289 2,6952
Other Unincorporated 25.975 29.344 36.675
Subtotal, Unincorporated ~ ~ 39.675
Clallam County, Total 51,648 56,204 66,400
Notes:
1. From "1997 population Trends", by the State of Washington, Office of Financial Management.,
September 1997, unless otherwise noted. .
2. Figure for residents of Native American heritage from 1990 census data (USDC 1991).
3, Estimated figure based on 1980 and 1990 data.
Table 2.2. Clallam County Population Trends.
Year Total PODulation Percent Change1
1950 36,396
1960 30,022
1970 34,770
1980 51,648
1990 56,204
2000. 67,9002
2010 75,5002
2020 82,5002
13.7%
15.8
48.5
8.8
20.8
11.2
9.3
Notes:
1. Percent change calculated by dividing the increase from the previous year by the amount in the
previous year.
2. From "Washington State County Population Projections by Age and Sex, 1990 - 2020", by the
State of Washington, Office of Financia1 Management, January 1996 (medium series).
Chaprer2:Background
Page 2-3
'1 ..--,. -...'-----.Y.-.-
If
ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagemeot Plan, FiDal Dmft
County should assist Ecology staff in collecting this information by encouraging companies
to file reports on theiractivities. (R9)
Composting recommendations:
· the SW AC recommends that most of the yard debris be removed from the waste stream
through backyard composting and centralized composting programs. This will be necessary
to meet Clallam County's overall goal for waste prevention, recycling and composting. (CI)
To achieve the goal of diverting most of the yard debris from the waste stream, the following
programs should be continued or implemented:
· chipping of brush' should be continued, and as much additional amounts of brush and
woody materials should be diverted to chipping as the end-uses for chips can
accommodate. End uses that should continue or that should be pursued include mulch,
hog fuel, composting, road surfaces at the landfill and other uses. (CIa)
· a composting site should be established at the Port Angeles Landfill, should this
alternative be determined as cost-effective by the City of Port Angeles. (Clb)
· drop-off sites for yard debris should be established at the transfer stations. (C Ic)
· separate collection of yard debris could be considered by Olympic Disposal and West
Waste in their respective solid waste collection service areas, but only if quantities set out
for collection increase significantly. (C Id)
· public education should be continued to encourage residents to handle their yard debris
separately. (C Ie)
With the above recommendations for recycling and composting, future waste diversion levels
have been projected to reach 30 percent of the County's waste stream. Additional efforts will be
necessary to achieve the County's eventual goal of 40 percent.
Chapter 4: Waste Collection and Transfer
Solid waste collection recommendations:
~ the cities of Port Angeles and Sequim should explore the possibility of switching to smaller
garbage containers for their residential customers. (WC I)
~ incentive rates should be instituted in all parts ofClallam County. This will require that a
service ordinance be adopted by the County to implement this in the unincorporated areas.
(WC2)
Executive Summary
Page E-5
C1alIam County ComprcbeIIsivc Solid Waste ~~t P1aD. FiDal Draft
In-countv transfer recommendations:
~ the Clallam County SW AC and other governmental agencies should continue to work
together to develop plans and programs, while also continuing to explore viable a1tematives,
for waste transfer and related options. The County should also study the possibility of
placing additional containers at all transfer sites to collect source-separated yard debris and to
collect additional recyclable materials. (Tl)
~ if the Neah Bay Landfill is closed, the Makah Indian Reservation should examine the
possibility of building a transfer station. (f2)
~ beginning in mid-2000, transfer station operators should keep notes of the materials that are
disposed for a one-week period, with an emphasis on noting significant amounts of recyclable
materials (yard waste, scrap metal, textiles, etc.). These results should be reported to the
County for consideration in implementing new recycling activities at the transfer stations
and/or conducting additional promotional efforts to encourage waste prevention and
recycling. (T3) .
~ user fees at the transfer stations for recyclable materials should be considered if the average
market price for recyclables drops SO low that collection of recyclables becomes a significant
net loss for the transfer stations. User fees should not be implemented without the
concurrence of the Clallam County SW AC and County Commissioners. Furthermore, any
user fees should be announced 30 days in advance at a minimum, and a flyer or brochure
explaining the new system should be distributed (at the transfer stations and provided upon
request from the private operators and County offices) beginning at least two weeks in
advance. (T4)
~ consideration should be given to closing one of the transfer stations near Forks if it proves
uneconomical to operate both. (T5)
Chapter 5: Disposal
Incineration recommendations:
~ current incineration activities should be allowed to continue as long as the operations
continue to meet all applicable local, state and federal regulations. (11)
~ new incineration projects proposed in the future should be evaluated based on an objective
review of the potential impacts to human health and environmental quality, as well as a
comparison to alternative disposal methods. (U)
~ energy recovery from landfill gas could be considered in the future if and when landfill gas
concentrations rise to a point where this would be economically feasible. (13)
In-county landfilling recommendations:
~ by October 2002, the process should begin for developing a waste export disposal system.
The target date for implementing waste export should be September 2006, to allow some
overlap with the Port Angeles Landfill (expected to close December 31, 2006). (Ll)
Executive Summary
Page E-6
...
ClRl1s1m Cowny CompIebeDsive ~ Waste ~_~ Plan, FiDal Draft
disaster or other conditions require re-routing. Any regional solid waste landfill used for
Clallam County waste must meet or exceed all MFS requirements. (WES)
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Rewlation and administration recommendations:
~ interlocal agreements are the recommended approach for developing and implementing a new
disposal system, and Clallam County should be the lead agency for this process, (RA 1)
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
The CSWMP examines the sources and existing programs for 13 special waste streams, and
concludes that six of these pose potential or current disposal problems. For these six waste
streams, options for improved handling were discussed and the following recommendations are
being proposed.
Animal manure - dairy farms are required to develop management plans for animal manure
generated by their operations, and are apparently contemp1ating composting with yard debris as
an option for future implementation, thus prompting the following recommendations:
~ options for composting cow manure with materials other than yard debris should be given
serious consideration as the dairy farms develop their manure management plans. The
dairies, perhaps with the assistance of Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and
the Cooperative Extension Office, should coordinate these plans with the SW AC, garbage
haulers, municipalities and private industry. (51)
~ other agricultural wastes are not considered a solid waste management problem in Clallam
County, but educational efforts should be continued by NRCS. Small farms whose livestock
have direct access to surface water should be identified and encouraged to use best
management practices to reduce surface water contamination. (52)
Ash - there are several generators oflarge quantities of ash in the County. Most of this ash is
currently being disposed of at the Port Angeles Landfill or a private landfill (Lawson Landfill)
and this ash may not be easily accommodated by the future conversion to a waste export system,
a concern that led to the following recommendation:
~ ash disposal alternatives need to be examined prior to the closure of the Port Angeles Landfill
(in 2006) and the Lawson Landfill (2009). The potential for handling large amounts of ash
must be taken into account as part of the design of transfer facilities for waste export
purposes but the ash-producing companies should be encouraged to explore other alternatives
first. (53)
Executive Summary
Page E-8
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CIal1am CouIIty CompreheDsi\'e Solid Waste ~rn-rt Plan, Filial Draft
~ disposal facilities should be operated as an enterprise fund, and wherever possible a cost-of-
service approach should be used for setting rates. (U)
~ the closure of the Neah Bay Landfill should be encouraged and supported, once an acceptable
disposal alternative is developed. Although the waste tonnages generated on the Makah
reservation can probably be accommodated by one of the two transfer stations near Forks or
the Port Angeles Landfill, this will need to be verified and negotiated beforehand. Once
closed, the Neah Bay Landfill site will require remedial actions to prevent or reduce future
environmental problems. (L3)
~ proposals and options to develop special-purpose landfills, such as wood waste or
construction and demolition waste landfills, should be considered as they are proposed. (IA)
~ contingent on regulatory conditions and availability of capacity, the use of the Port Angeles
Landfill after its official closure on December 31, 2006 should be considered for
construction/demolition and/or other inert wastes. (L5)
Waste imDortJexport recommendations:
~ the City of Port Angeles may pursue waste import if necessary to make the maximum use of
the remaining capacity at the Port Angeles Landfill, as long as this does not cause the
premature closure of the landfill. (WII)
~ export of solid waste is the preferred alternative to meet future disposal needs. The design
and development of the waste export system (to serve the eastern and central parts of the
County) should begin no later than October 2002. Clallam County should be the lead agency
for this effort, although a separate entity or modified arrangement could be created through
interlocal agreements or other methods. Interlocal agreements are the recommended method
to create the institutional arrangement for the new disposal system. Since the interlocal
agreements will determine what areas of the County will be served by the new disposal
system and hence how much waste will be managed through it, these agreements will need to
be one of the first steps in creating the new system and should be implemented no later than
September 2003, (WE I)
~ West Waste should continue their waste export activities, with a possible expansion of these
activities to serve additional west end customers who are currently shipping waste to the Port
Angeles Landfill. (WE2)
~ The implementation of a <<north-south corridor" to serve the western ends of both Clallarn and
Jefferson Counties is recommended, but further discussions will be needed to determine the
feasibility of this approach. (WE3)
~ should the Port Angeles Landfill be forced to close unexpectedly, or if a long-term
arrangement for waste export cannot be implemented before the landfill closes, then Blue
Mountain Transfer Station should be used on a temporary basis to serve the central and
eastern parts of Clallam County, (WE4)
~ any contracts with private businesses for waste export services must identify alternative
disposal plans, including alternative routes and modes of transportation, should natural
Executive Summary
Page E-7
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CIaUam County Comprebeosivc Solid Waste MaDagemc:ot Plan, Filial DI1Ift
and other intCrested parties. Comments received on the preliminary draft will be addressed and
revisions made in the plan to produce a "final draft" (unless the comments received are so
substantial as to force a repeat of the public review process). After a last review by Ecology, the
final draft of this plan will be presented to C1allam County, the cities, and the Tribes for their
approval and adoption.
Executive Summary
Page E-JO
C1alJam County ComprehcDsiw Solid Wille ...,...gr.n-t Plan, FiDal Draft
Biosolids _ biosolids are actually sewage that bas been treated in preparation for beneficial reuse,
but the following recommendation is regarding the proper handling of untreated sewage:
.. the SW AC should work with the C1allam County Health Department and wastewater
treatment plants to develop adequate disposal methods for sewage-contaminated solid wastes
and septage. (84)
Construction and demolition wastes - like ash and a few other materials, construction and
demolition wastes may not fit easily into the future waste export disposal system, which led to the
following recommendation:
.. existing opportunities for recycling of construction and demolition wastes should be
promoted by'the County as part of the public education efforts conducted for waste reduction
and recycling. Development of a disposal site for separate handling of non-recyclable
construction and demolition wastes should be considered. If a separate site is developed and
if sufficient quantities of recoverable materials are observed being disposed at this site,
additional recycling operations should be considered for those materials. (S5)
Moderate risk wastes - moderate risk wastes (or what is also called household hazardous and
small-quantity generator wastes) are currently being handled well in Clallam County, but staff
turnover at various agencies caused the cancellation or delay of a few activities addressing this
type of waste, thus leading to the following recommendation:
.. C1allam County should resume countywide educational efforts for proper disposal of
moderate risk wastes, and joint activities with Jefferson County should also be resumed. (S6)
Wood waste - large quantities of wood waste are generated in Clallam County, leading to some
interest in the potential for cost-effective conversion of this material to a value-added resource:
.. the possibility of recovering additional amounts of wood waste through use as composting or
hog fuel should be explored by Clallam County. (S7)
.. if necessary, the market for landscaping mulch produced from log yard waste should be
increased through public procurement programs. As appropriate, private sector companies
should be encouraged to follow the public sector's lead in procurement of landscaping mulch
produced from log yard waste. (S8)
Additional information on all of these recommendations and on existing programs in Clallarn
County can be found in the main text of the Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan.
PROCESS AND SCHEDULE FOR ADOPTION OF THE CSWMP
This copy of the Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan is a "preliminary
draft". Preliminary draft plans are prepared specifically for review by the general public, the
Department of Ecology, the Washington Utilities Transportation Commission, local governments
Executive Summary
Page E-9
--.- 1
11
CIalJam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
~ a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling element that provides for reduction of wastes,
provides incentives and mechanisms for source separation, and provides opportunities for
recycling source-separated materials.
~ waste reduction and recycling strategies, including residential collection programs in urban
areas, drop-off or buy-back centers at every solid waste handling facility that serves rwal
areas, monitoring methods for programs that collect source-separated materials from
nonresidential sources, yard waste collection programs and education programs.
~ an assessment of the impact that implementation of the CSWMP's recommendations will
have on solid waste collection costs.
~ a review of potential sites for solid waste disposal facilities.
1.2 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER SOLID WASTE PLANS
This CSWMP incorporates the information from several plans and studies dealing with
landfilling, transfer stations, and incineration of solid waste within the County (see Appendix A).
Some of the more relevant studies include two waste-to-energy studies, prepared for the City of
Port Angeles (Beck 1988) and the City of Forks (SCS 1988)~ the Solid Waste Disposal Feasibility
Study (Parametrix 1993), which provides projections of the Port Angeles Landfill's capacity and
service life; and the 1983 Makah Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (PSR 1983).
Information from the Clallam County Hazardous Waste Management Plan (PSR 1991), which
addresses household and small quantity generator hazardous wastes, was also incorporated into
this CSWMP.
1.3 PREVIOUS SOLID WASTE PLANS
In September 1972, the first solid waste planning document, the Comprehensive Plan for Solid
Waste Management, was completed for Clallam County by URS/Hill, Ingman, Chase and
Company of Seattle, Washington. In 1981 an attempt was made by the Clallam County and the
City of Port Angeles to update this plan through an in-house effort. This 1981 update was
intended to reflect then current factual data as well as regulatory changes that had been
implemented after the original CSWMP was prepared. However, following the frrst draft of the
1981 plan, it became apparent that the expectations of the Washington State Department of
Ecology (Ecology), Clallam County, and its associated municipalities could not be satisfied at
that time through the in-house process. The 1981 plan was never considered for adoption.
In 1983, Parametrix, Inc. of Bellewe, Washington, was contracted by Clal1am County to revise
and update the CSWMP. The final draft of this update was completed in September of 1984, but
was not adopted by all jurisdictions.
Due to substantial changes in pertinent data and solid waste management regulations, the
County's Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC) began in 1988 to update the 1984 draft plan
and bring it up to current standards. Substantial portions of the text were retained from the 1984
document, but factual data was updated and additional changes were made to incorporate current
regulations and conditions. At the same time, substantial changes were occurring with State laws
and regulations and it proved to be impractical to finish revisions to the plan in 1988.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Page 1-2
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Wasle Managemalt Plan, Final Draft
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 ROLE AND PURPOSE
This Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP) was prepared to provide a
functional planning guide for solid waste activities within Clallam County. This CSWMP was
developed in response to the Solid Waste Management Act, Chapter 70.95 of the Revised Code
of Washington (RCW), which states:
"Each county within the State, in cooperation with the various cities located within such
county, shall prepare a coordinated, comprehensive solid waste management plan"
(Section 70.95.080).
The Solid Waste Management Act also specifies that this CSWMP must ..be maintained in a
current and applicable condition" through periodic review and revisions (RCW 70.95.110).
This CSWMP must address solid waste management throughout the county. The incorporated
areas, which include the cities of Forks, Port Angeles and Sequim, bad the option to develop their
own plans but have chosen to participate in the County's planning process.
The various Tribes in Clallam County have their own solid waste disposal site (in the case of the
Makah Indian Reservation) or use County transfer facilities and the Port Angeles Landfill (for all
others). Because this CSWMP may impact their current and future solid waste management
options, review and adoption by the Tribal Councils is recommended for the Makah Tribe, the
Quileute Tribe, and the Elwba and Jamestown Bands of the S'Klallam Tribe.
The minimum contents of this CSWMP are specified by State law (RCW 70.95.090) and further
described in Guidelines for the Development of Local Solid Waste Management Plans and Plan
Revisions (March 15, 1990) issued by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology 1990).
To summarize, the CSWMP must contain:
~ an inventory of existing solid waste handling facilities, including an assessment of any
deficiencies in meeting current disposal needs.
~ the estimated needs for solid waste handling facilities for a period of twenty years.
~ a program for the development of solid waste handling facilities which is consistent with this
CSWMP and which meets the Minimum Functional Standards. The development program
must also take into account land use plans, provide a six-year construction and capital
acquisition program, and provide a financing plan for capital and operational costs.
~ a program for surveillance and control.
~ an inventory of solid waste collection needs and operations, including infonnaUon on
collection franchises, municipal operations, population densities of areas covered by either
~chised or municipal operations, and projected solid waste collection needs for a period of
SIX years.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Page 1-1
-..----..-.- 1 'II"
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management PIan. Final Draft
1.4 PROCESS AND SCHEDULE FOR UPDATING THE CSWMP
This CSWMP was prepared through a team effort by the Clallam County Road Department, the
SW AC, a consultant (Rick Hlavka, Green Solutions) and the assistance of Ecology staff. All of
the parties involved provided important information that was used in this CSWMP. The SW AC
members at the time of developing the CSWMP included:
Ralph Anderson, Citizen Representative (Chair)
Jim Bay, City ofSequim
Michele Cox, Olympic Disposal; Dave Berrigan, Waste Management: and Brent Gagnon,
West Waste *
Orville Campbell, City of Port Angeles
Joe Ciarlo, Clallarn County
Rod Fleck, City of Forks
Fred Manzer, Olympic National Park
Steve Pendleton, Makah Tribe
Dan Pringle, Daishowa America
* the SW AC seat for the waste hauling/recycling industry is shared on a rotating basis
(changing annually) between Olympic Disposal, West WaSte and Waste Management.
These SW AC members represented not only the interests of their respective agencies and
businesses, but as residents and members of the community they also represented the public's
interest. SW AC members were chosen based in part on their amount of community involvement.
The process of updating and adopting this CSWMP consisted of the following steps:
~ development ofa first draft of the CSWMP for SWAC review and comment.
~ development of a SEP A checklist and the Washington Utilities and Transportation
Commission (WUTC) Cost Assessment Questionnaire.
.. Incorporating SW AC's comments to create the Preliminary Draft CSWMP, and distributing
copies of this document for review and comment by the public, Ecology and WUTC.
.. incorporation of public, WUTC and Ecology comments to create a Final Draft of the
CSWMP.
.. technical review by Ecology to ensure correct incorporation of comments, and permission to
proceed with adoption.
.. adoption of the Final Draft by cities, Tribes, and Clallam County.
~ submittal of the Final CSWMP with resolutions of adoption to Ecology for final review.
~ final approval by Ecology.
Ecology's Planning Guidelines require that solid waste management plans be updated at least
every five years. The 5-year period begins when the current plan has received final approval
Chapter 1: Introduction
Page 1-4
11
Clallam County Comprebcnsive Solid Waste ~SlllSllrnent Plan. Final Draft
In late 1989, SCS Engineers was retained to finish the process of revising the CSWMP, beginning
with the 1988 draft. A final draft of the new CSWMP was completed in December 1992 and
adopted by the County and cities shortly afterward. The planning process was finished in April
1993 when final approval from Ecology was received. A summary of the recommendations from
the 1993 plan is shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1, Status of Recommendations from the 1993 CSWMP.
Recommendation
Conduct more public education, on a variety of waste
prevention and recycling topics
Increased procurement of recycled products
Increased use of volume-based rates
Waste audits for businesses
Surveys every 2-3 years to determine waste reduction
20% goal by 1996 for waste reduction, recycling and
composting
Implement curbside recycling in Port Angeles and
Sequim
Divert most yard debris through a variety of activities
SW AC and government should continue to work
together to resolve solid waste issues
Investigate collection and/or disposal district
Improved management of biosolids
Improved management of construction wastes
Improved management of infectious (biomedical)
wastes from small-quantity sources
Improved management of tires
Improved management of wood wastes
Status
Accomplished and is still
being conducted
Accomplished in part
Not accomplished
Not accomplished
Not accomplished
Accomplished
Accomplished
Accomplished in part
Accomplished and is still
being conducted
Completed
Accomplished in part
Not accomplished
No longer considered to be
a problem
Not accomplished
Accomplished in part
Chapter 1: Introduction
Page 1-3
ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
from Ecology (projected to be in 2000), but time should be allowed for the development of the
next updated plan, so the update process should begin again in 2003 with a goal of adopting an
updated CSWMP in 2004. Before that time, however, it may be necessary to revise this CSWMP
due to changes in regulatory standards or operational requirements. If a significant change
occurs, one that causes part of this CSWMP to be outdated, it could be addressed through an
amendment.
1.5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CSWMP
The objectives that were established by Clallam County for this update of the Comprehensive
Solid Waste Management Plan are to:
~ review the recommendations of previous plans.
~ review current solid waste regulations and policies giving particular attention to waste stream
reduction, recycling and future disposal needs.
~ extend the planning period to 2020 and develop current waste generation data.
~ review existing facilities and solid waste handling practices, and identify additional needs.
~ assess alternatives and develop recommendations for future action, incorporating the results
of recent studies done for Clallam County, the City of Port Angeles and others.
~ give particular consideration to alternatives that involve the expertise of private industry
wherever those capabilities are available.
~ develop capital cost estimates and implementation schedules for required improvements with
emphasis on those improvements required within a 6-year period (by 2005).
~ strike an equitable balance between convenience, expense, environmental quality, and public
health and welfare,
~ incorporate flexibility to anticipate future needs.
~ encourage cooperative and coordinated efforts among government agencies, private
companies and the public, to achieve effective management of solid waste.
~ provide a road map to guide the County through anticipated changes in solid waste disposal
caused by the future closure of the Port Angeles Landfill.
Page 1-5
Chapter 1: Introduction
,-- 1 I
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Climate
The climate of Clallam County is primarily maritime in character with cool dry summers and wet
mild winters. The Olympic Mountains have the widest range ofrainfall in the United States,
however, and in Clallarn County the average annual rainfall varies from 16 inches in Sequim (in
the eastern part of the County) to 130 inches in the Olympic National Park (in the western part).
The average number of days in which there is 0.1 inch or more of rain is approximately 160 days
in'the western part of the County, 79 days at Port Angeles and 57 days at Sequim. Temperatures
are mild in the non-mountainous portion ofClallam County, averaging approximately 49 degrees
F over the year. The typical range between high and low daily temperatures is 12 degrees in the
winter and 21 degrees in the summer. Temperature extremes throughout a year are rarely less
than 15 OF or more than 96 OF in the populated portions of the County.
Snowfall is heavy in the mountainous regions and at higher elevations it remains until late in the
summer. During many winters little or no snow is experienced at lower elevations.
2.1.2 Human Environment
Current Population/Demographics
The Washington Office of Financial MaDagement's 1997 PoouJation Trends (OFM 1997)
estimates that the 1997 population in Clallam County was 66,400 people. The largest of Clallam
County's three incorporated areas, Port Angeles, has 28 percent of the population. The other two
incorporated areas, Sequim and Forks, contain 7 and 5 percent of the County's population,
respectively. Over half of the County's population (60 percent) is located in the unincorporated
areas. Table 2, I shows the County's population distribution for 1980, 1990 and 1997.
Future Population/DemolZraDhics
Table 2.2 shows previous and projected population figures for Clallam County. Evaluating
trends in population is useful for estimating future solid waste generation. The Office of
Financial Management estimates that the population of Clallam County will reach 82,500
people by 2020 (OFM 1996). This is an increase of approximately 22 percent over the 20-year
planning period of this Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP). It is
assumed that waste quantities generated in Clallam County will increase in proportion to this
amount (by about 22 percent), before any impacts caused by expanded waste prevention and
recycling activities.
2.2 EV ALUA nON OF POTENTIAL SITES FOR SOLID WASTE FACILITIES
2.2.1 Solid Waste Facility Siting Factors
Soils and Geology
The soils and underlying geology are important considerations for solid waste management
facilities. Geology, groundwater and the availability of appropriate soils are critical factors, The
appropriate type of soil varies somewhat depending on the type of solid waste handling facility,
but any structure, such as a transfer station or recycling center, must be built upon a stable
foundation. The soils in Clallam County are generally acceptable for foundations.
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-2
C1al1am County ComprebeDsi\le Solid Waste ~~ Plan, FiDal DIaft
costs or more practical considerations such as handling problems will force businesses to examine
other alternatives unless provisions are made for in-county disposal for these wastes.
The specific recommendations proposed by this CSWMP are shown below and are numbered for
review purposes. These recommendations are also summarized in Table E-l, at the end of this
section, and additional details can be found in the full plan in the chapter indicated.
Chapter 3: Waste Prevention, Recycling and Composting
Waste prevention recommendations:
~ public infonnation and education must be continued. The responsibility for this should be
shared by the County, the cities, the Tribal Councils, and the schools, with private sector
involvement as appropriate (especially assistance from the garbage haulers by providing
notices to their customers through bill inserts). In all cases, public infonnation materials
should be distributed with other mailings, such as property tax statements, as much as
possible to reduce mailing costs. (WP 1)
~ the County should encourage the development of barterlborrow boards by others, while
taking the lead in developing a swap event and installing a reuse ranch at the Blue Mountain
Transfer Station. Installation of a reuse ranch at Lake Creek Transfer Station should not be
considered until a later date. (WP2)
~ the idea of waste exchanges and similar activities directed specifically at businesses should be
considered for future implementation. Waste audits could be conducted in the meantime,
targeting small to medium-sized businesses first on the assumption that the larger businesses
have the staff and other resources to best meet their needs, (WP3)
~ the availability of less-frequent collections in the rural areas should be publicized more, and a
similar approach should be considered for all areas of the county. (WP4)
~ increased use of volume-based rates for households should be explored for all areas of
Clallam County, including other types of differential rates (such as additional charges for
those who do not separate recyclable materials or yard debris from their garbage). The type
of rate that can be used will depend in part on whether the area is served by a franchised
hauler, municipal system or is under contract. More flexibility should be possible in the
municipal or contract areas, but even in franchise areas some types of differential rates are
allowed, such as additional charges to households that do not separate recyclables. To
accomplish this, however, the County may need to enact a service ordinance. (WP5)
~ due to the difficulty in measuring waste prevention and the large degree of overlap with
recycling, a separate goal for waste prevention is not the best approach for Clallam County.
Instead, the goal for waste prevention has been combined with recycling and composting (see
Recommendation #RI), and evaluation of the waste prevention program should be conducted
using performance-based standards. Using a performance-based standard, the waste
prevention program should be evaluated based on whether the activities and
recommendations listed above have been conducted. (WP6)
Executive Summary
Page E-3
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
A variety of soils are required for the construction and operation of a landfill. Silts, clay or clay-
like soils are used for landfill liners and final cover (caps) because these fine-grained soils tend to
retard the movement of precipitation, gas and leachate. Porous soils, such as sands and gravels,
are undesirable because these may permit rainfall to enter the landfill (increasing leachate and gas
production) and allow the uncontrolled migration of landfill leachate and methane gas. Thus,
sand or gravel is not suitable for landfill cover or liners; however, gravel is often used for
intermediate cover because it provides better traction for landfill machinery in wet weather.
Coarse-grained materials such as sand and gravel, common in Clallam County, can also be used
for gas venting and leachate collection systems. Detailed soils studies will be necessary for
evaluating potential sites for any proposed solid waste disposal facilities.
Groundwater
Distance to groundwater, measured in feet or in terms of the time that surface water takes to
travel through the soil to the groundwater, is an important criterion for the siting of solid waste
disposal facilities. Shallow layers of groundwater and/or short travel times are a problem due to
the risks associated with spills and contaminated runoff from waste facilities. Other factors such
as existing and potential beneficial uses of the groundwater are also significant considerations,
especially if the groundwater is, or could be, used for drinking water. A large percentage of the
population in Clallam County depends on private wells for drinking water supplies.
Groundwater must also be considered when siting or designing solid waste handling facilities
because shallow groundwater can result in higher construction and maintenance costs, interfere
with excavation, and require non-standard foundations.
Flooding
Areas known to experience flooding are not good sites for solid waste facilities. Solid waste
facilities often entail risks not associated with other types of development, such as the potential to
create contaminated runoff. Additionally, solid waste facilities must remain operational during
and after natural disasters to handle the large amount of debris that may be created.
Surface Water
Two large lakes, Lake Ozette and Lake Crescent, and several smaller lakes are located in the
County. Numerous creeks and rivers are also present, generally draining from interior areas to
the coastline. Regulatory standards require that new disposal facilities be located more than 200
feet from surface waters, which eliminates a substantial amount of land for a water-rich area such
as Clallam County.
Slope
Much of Clallam County is mountainous and has a slope that poses serious problems for solid
waste disposal facilities. Steep slopes pose problems for site development and future access to
the site. The lower valleys and coastal terrace areas have gentler slopes; therefore, these areas
could receive consideration for siting solid waste handling facilities. However, these areas also
have high value for other purposes, such as agriculture and housing.
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-4
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Manqement Plan, Final Draft
Table 2.1. Clallam County Population by Area.
1980 19901 1997!
Incorporated Areas:
Forks 3,060 2,838 3,460
Port Angeles 17,311 17,710 18,890
Sequim 3.013 3.617 4.375
Subtotal, Incorporated 23,384 24,165 26,725
Unincorporated Areas:
Tribes 2,289 2,6952 3,0003
Other Unincorporated 25.975 29.344 36.675
Subtotal, Unincorporated ~ ~ 39 675
Clallam County, Total 51,648 56,204 66,400
Notes:
1. From "1997 Population Trends", by the State of Washington, Office of Financial Management.,
September 1997, unless otherwise noted.
2. Figure for residents of Native American heritage from 1990 census data (USDC 1991),
3. Estimated figure based on 1980 and 1990 data.
Table 2.2.
Year
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000.
2010
2020
Cla11am County Population Trends.
Total Population Percent Change!
36,396
30,022
. 34,770
51,648
56,204
67,9002
75,5002
82,5002
13.7%
15.8
48.5
8.8
20.8
11.2
9.3
Notes:
1. Percent change calculated by dividing the increase from the previous year by the amount in the
previous year,
2. From "Washington State County Population Projections by Age and Sex, 1990 - 2020", by the
State of Washington, Office of Financia1 Management, January 1996 (medium series).
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-3
...."".~.._.~ '11
CIa11am County ComprdIeIIsivc Solid Wille }.Atmqrn-rt Plan, Filial Dmft
Recvclin2 recommendations:
.. the SW AC recommends a goal of 30 percent diversion (waste prevention, recycling and
composting) for the next 5 years, with an eventual goal of 40 percent waste diversion for the
County in the long tenn. A relatively greater amount of this waste diversion is expected to
occur in the more urban areas of the county, where opportunities for recycling are generally
more accessible. The current recycling rate is about 20 percent, which is equal to the interim
goal set for 1996 in the previous CSWMP. (RI)
.. the recommended list of materials to be recycled in Clallam County includes newspaper,
cardboard, high grade paper, mixed waste paper, glass, aluminum and tin cans, all other
metals, plastic bottles (pET and HDPE), concrete, asphalt, clean wood waste, yard debris, and
special wastes such as motor oil, car batteries and antifreeze. All of these materials cannot be
collected by all programs in the County. Any changes in this list of designated materials
should be based on a recommendation by County staff with the concurrence ofSWAC. (R2)
.. additional and expanded recycling efforts should concentrate on three areas: currently-
recycled materials, commerciallindustrial wastes, and construction/demolition wastes. (R3)
.. the alternatives for public education that were identified in the previous plan have been
implemented and appear to be promoting recycling programs satisfactorily. These efforts
must be continued, and public education efforts for any new programs should be combined
with or modeled after the existing efforts. (R4)
.. the possibility of establishing additional curbside collections in the rural areas should be
considered, and opportunities to establish drop-off or curbside collections in Tribal
Reservations should be supported. (R5)
.. existing drop-off sites should be maintained and additional sites should be considered in
Forks and in the Clallam Bay-Neah Bay area. Additional sites should also be considered for
temporary operation during the tourist season, if these can be operated cost-effectively by
private recycling firms. (R6) .
.. a number of schools have established recycling programs with the help of private recycling
companies and cities, and an elementary level educational program has been developed and
presented. These programs should continue and should be expanded in order to increase
recycling tonnages and to reinforce other education efforts. The school districts should take
the lead on expanding recycling programs in the schools, as well as ensuring that solid waste
and recycling educational information is presented at all grade levels. Other schools, such as
private schools and Peninsula College, will also need to set up their own programs. The
County should anange a meeting for interested persons from the different schools to share
information. (R 7)
.. the County and cities should purchase recycled materials and should adopt policies' that
require this for all of their departments and their vendors. In addition, the potential for local
markets for glass and other materials needs to be examined closely by the County and private
collectors. (R8)
.. all companies and agencies engaged in collecting recyclables in Clallam County must report
their data on an annual basis to Ecology. Proper documentation of existing recycling
activities will be critical for monitoring future progress and related efforts. If necessary, the
Executive Summary
Page E-4
11
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MJl1Illgel11l!llt Plan, Final Dmft
primarily agricultural, with a trend now to residential. To the west of Port Angeles are several
resort developments, as well as isolated timber and commercial fishing areas. The larger
communities to the west include Forks, Lake Pleasant, LaPush, Sekiu, Cla1lam Bay, Neah Bay
and Joyce. To the east of Port Angeles are Sequim and a number of smaller communities.
Air Emissions and Air Quality
At present, the Olympic Air Pollution Control Authority (OAPCA) is monitoring Clallam County
for sulfur dioxide (S02) levels, This has been a problem in the past, but the closure of the
Rayonier Mill in March of 1997 curtailed one of the major emission sources. Fugitive road dust
is a contributor to particulate values, and in winter it is probable that woodstove emissions are a
significant contributor,
Many of the air quality regulations are directed at major sources of air pollutants. A "major
source" of air emissions is defined as a source with potential or actual emissions of 100 tons/year
from stacks within the property boundary. Port Angeles sources meeting this definition include
K-Ply, Daishowa America.l.akeside Asphalt, and Crown Pacific (OAPCA 1998).
Construction of "teepee" wood burners has not been permitted in Clallam County due to a failure
of emission standards for the proposed types, The few older ones that were "grandfathered" are
being used less. Wood waste burners in Forks are not considered at this time to be a major source
of emissions, but could be significant if there were an upsurge in usage.
Siting and operating a new landfill or any new solid waste facilities could impact air quality.
Dust, gases, odors, particulates and vehicle emissions are all potentially increased by landfill
operations. In certain cases, however, the centralization of such emissions is often preferable to
diffuse burning of waste. Any proposal should be studied for net air quality impacts.
Summary of Siting Factors
Based on the preceding discussion of siting factors, it can be concluded that only very limited
portions of Clallam County would be available for siting a solid waste disposal facility. Most of
the southern portion of the County is undesirable for large facilities due to slope problems. This
mountainous area is also generally not available because it falls within the Olympic National
Forest or National Park boundaries.
The western half of the County should not be used for solid waste disposaI facilities due to the
high amounts of rainfall received, up to 130 inches per year. This amount of precipitation
complicates runoff and leachate controls for disposal sites. Although solid waste handling
facilities could be located on the west end of the County, these facilities should be restricted to
trnnsfer station or other operations with low potential for generation of contaminated runoff.
Facilities such as transfer stations also need to be conveniently located for public use and require
less acreage. Local conditions will further restrict potential siting areas, however, including
conditions such as current and adjacent land use, surface water, flooding potential and public
opposition.
In conclusion, siting a new landfill in Clallam County is not considered feasible. Siting of other
facilities should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Chapter 2: &ckground
Page 2-6
1r .--.... ---"
CIalJam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MSII~t Plan. Final Draft
Cover and Liner Materials
Cover and liner materials are important because their presence at landfill sites and other disposal
facilities reduce the cost of construction, operations, and maintenance. These materials include
silt and clay for liners and caps~ sand and gravel for gas venting, leachate collection, and road
construction; and a variety of materials that can be used for intermediate cover. Clay is a scarce
material in parts ofClallam County, in which case synthetic liners may be more cost-effective to
use for landfilling operations.
Capacitv
The Minimum Functional Standards specify various landfilling requirements based on size. For
example, landfills that receive 100 tons per day or more of solid waste must meet the extensive
requirements for landfill operations as shown in Chapter 173-351 WAC. If a new landfill were
constructed to serve only a part ofClallam County, the capacity may be less than this and it could
be designed to less stringent standards. Even with fewer controls, however, the cost of
constructing and operating a landfill, on a per ton basis, increases rapidly as the size of the
landfill decreases. On a per ton basis, it is likely that any savings incurred for less stringent
design requirements would be more than offset by the lower economies of scale.
Climatic Factors
Most of Clallam County receives extremely high amounts of precipitation, which poses a serious
problem for landfills due to the potential for generation of large quantities of leachate. Other
types of solid waste handling facilities are less affected, but care must still be taken to avoid
surface water contamination by runoff. The eastern side of the County, especially in the area of
Sequim, receives low amounts of rainfall, but again much of the land in this area has considerable
value for other purposes (agricultural and residential usage).
Land Use
Existing land use in Clallam County ranges from the relatively intense residential, commercial
and industrial development in the Port Angeles and Sequim areas, to the undeveloped land and
forested areas of the Olympic Mountains. The wood products industry has historically been a
major factor influencing the development of the County. Historic communities are found along
the shores of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and along the Soleduck River and the Forks Prairie. The
City of Port Angeles continues to be the center of economic activity.
A breakdown of the County's land area by ownership reveals that only a small portion of the
County is available for private ownership. Approximately 48 percent of all land in the County is
under federal ownership, including portions of the Olympic National Park and Forest, Indian
reservations and various Coast Guard installations. The Olympic National Park represents a
major part of this area, and the number of tourists visiting the Park has doubled in recent years.
Approximately 14 percent of the County is in State ownership and 25 percent is owned by timber
companIes.
Developed land outside of the Port Angeles area consists of two smaller incorporated areas, Forks
and Sequim, and a number of rural residential areas. The land use pattern to the east was
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-5
ClalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
2.3 QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
CLALLAM COUNTY
Identifying the quantity and composition of solid waste in CIa1lam County is necessary to provide
the basis for determining solid waste handling needs for the next twenty years.
The total solid waste stream for CIa1lam County consists of various types of wastes. Most of the
wastes are landfilled, and others are incinerated, recycled, used as a soil amendment or disposed
in special sites established for specific types of waste. This CSWMP is primarily concerned with
the wastes that are generally referred to as municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW is produced by
residential, commercial and industrial generators. Commercial and industrial generators also
produce a number of special waste streams that are not handled as part of the municipal solid
waste stream. These special wastes include wood waste, construction and demolition debris, ash,
and a variety of sludges and other wastes. 'Special wastes are discussed in Chapter 7.
2.3.1 Solid Waste Quantities
Estimates of current (1996) municipal solid waste quantities were developed from information
provided by disposal site operators, waste collection operators, industries and Indian Tribes (see
Table 2.3). These figures do not include the special wastes that are handled separately from the
municipal solid waste stream or the amount that is currently recycled. There were no known
significant amounts of MSW imported into or exported out of the County at the time this data was
compiled (i.e., in 1996).
A significant amount of agricultural waste is also generated in Clallam County, but this waste
stream is handled "on-site" by returning crop residues and livestock wastes to the land. The
amount of agricultural waste is estimated to be about 14,300 tons per year (see Table 7.1).
The location where waste is generated is important due to the need to evaluate the waste
collection system. The County has been divided into seven waste generation areas for this
purpose, based primarily upon the disposal facilities or collection companies that serve these
areas. The waste generation areas identified for this CSWMP are the City of Port Angeles, City
ofSequim, Sekiu-Clallam Bay area, West Clallam County (west of Lake Crescent including the
City of Forks), East Clal1am County, the Quileute Indian Reservation and the Makah Indian
Reservation.
Projecting waste quantities through the planning period (see Table 2.4) was accomplished using
the current per capita generation rate multiplied by population forecasts for the County. By using
the current per capita rate without adjustments, the projected figures assume no change in the
percentage of material recycled and reduced. While instead it could be assumed that additional
recycling and waste reduction activities proposed in this CSWMP will further decrease the
amount of waste that is disposed, the projected figures shown in Table 2.4 provide a conservative
estimate and a baseline for planning purposes. In reality, future waste quantities will vary based
not only on population, but also on the economy, tourism levels, lifestyles, and other factors.
The rate at which solid waste is generated varies throughout the year due to seasonal activities.
Landfill records for 1996 show that the amount of solid waste generated in anyone month in
Clallam County varied from 2,582 to 3,967 tons per month.
Chaprer2:Background
Page 2-8
11
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
2.2.2 Solid Waste Facility Siting Process
Any new facilities sited in the future will have to meet the State and local standards current at that
time. State standards include the Minimum Functional Standards for Solid Waste Handling (Ch.
173-304) and the Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (Ch. 173-351 WAC), which
address siting, design, and operation of solid waste facilities. Local standards include the Clallam
County Zoning Code (Chapter 33 of the Clallam County Code, adopted December 29, 1982) and
the Clallam County Comprehensive Plan (Section 31, adopted December 28, 1982), which
designate solid waste disposal facilities as conditional uses in all forestry and rural residential
zones, and in certain other zones. Other local land use plans may apply depending on whether the
proposed site(s) are in a city's jurisdiction.
At this time, the only new waste handling facilities which might be constructed during this
planning period are anticipated to possibly include transfer stations and disposal sites for
construction, demolition and landclearing wastes. If a new disposal site were deemed necessary,
the siting process would typically include the following steps:
SteD I: Site Identification
For a public disposal facility, the process of identifying sites may include soliciting nominations
from citizens and interested parties, identification of major landholders and City/County
properties, and other activities to initially identify as many sites as practical. For a private site,
the site selection process may consist primarily of an inventory of sites currently owned or
available for purchase.
Step 2: Broad Site Screening
The second step typically involves evaluating potential sites for "fatal flaws", such as unsuitable
neighboring land use, distance from the point of waste generation, site size, steep slopes,
floodplain area., wetlands, surfuce water or shorelines. For a public site, the goal should be to
retain up to 12 sites after this step is completed. For a private facility or other cases where there
may be only a few sites to begin with, one or two sites must survive this evaluation.
Step 3: Detailed Site Ranking
After sites with fatal flaws have been eliminated, the remaining sites should be evaluated using
more detailed criteria such as the availability of utilities (water, sewer, electricity), traffic impacts
and road access, and other factors affecting the ability to develop and use the site. For a public
effort, no more than four sites should remain after this step is completed.
Step 4: Detailed Site Evaluation
The final step in evaluating sites involves assessing impacts in accordance with the State
Environmental Policy Act. This step should result in the recommendation of a preferred site.
Step 5: Siting Decision
The decision to proceed with a recommended site should be based on environmental, engineering,
cost and political factors. At this point, more detailed plans and drawings can be developed. the
permit process can begin, and other documents and approvals (such as an Environmental Impact
S~ement, if required) can be sought.
Chapter 2: &ckground
Page 2-7
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Table 2.4. Projected Solid
Year
1997
2000
2010
2020
Populationl
66,400
67,900
75,500
82.500
Waste Quantities.
Proiected Tons of Solid Waste2
At Current Rate3 Based on Goals4
Disposed Recycled Disposed Recycled5
45,330 11,620 45,330 11,620
46,360 11,830 45,740 12,450
51,540 13,160 45,290 19,410
56,320 14,380 42,420 28,280
Notes:
1. From Tables 2.1 and 2.2.
2. Based on per capita generation rate shown in Table 2.3 for 1996 (4.70 pounds per person per day).
3. Assumes same percentage breakdown for disposal and recycling (79.6 and 20.4%, respectively) as
shown in Table 2.3 for the year 1996.
4. Assumes goals shown in Chapter 3 are met (i.e., assumes an additional 1 % diversion by 2000, a total
of30% by 2010, and 40% by 2020).
5. Includes waste prevention, recycling and composting.
2.3.2 Solid Waste Composition
The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) is extremely varied and encompasses all
nonhazardous residential and commercial refuse generated in the County. Table 2.5 shows the
composition ofMSW as estimated for Clallam County.
The waste composition data shown in Table 2.5 was derived from the most recent study
conducted by Ecology (Ecology 1993). This study, the 1992 Washington State Waste
Characterization Study, divided the state into three regions and examined the composition of
waste from specific residential and commercial sources, The three regions are the Western
Washington region, the Central Puget Sound region, and the Eastern Washington region. The
Western Washington region includes Clallam, Clark. Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson,
Kitsap, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, San Juan. Skagit, Skamania, Thurston, Wahkiakum, and
Whatcom counties.
The specific sources examined by Ecology's waste characterization study include single-family
homes, apartments, residential self-haul, commercial self-haul, and several types of businesses.
The breakdown by business type provides valuable data on the different businesses, but this data
cannot be easily used to determine the composition of the overall commercial waste stream for a
county. Hence, Table 2.5 does not include data specifically for the commercial and industrial
waste stream in Clallam County, although this data can be assumed to be included in the figures
shown for the entire county (in the first two columns).
The solid waste composition figures shown in Table 2.5 are typical of the waste streams in many
areas, but it should be noted that the figures are only an approximation ofClallam County's waste
stream. Since the data for the specific waste streams (residential, commercial and industrial) are
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-10
ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
Table 2.3. Municipal Solid Waste Quantities.
Tons of Solid Waste
Waste Generation Area
Port Angeles I
Sequim2
ForkslWest Countv3
East Count/ .
Commercial Self-Hauls
Residential Self-Haul6
Makah Reservation7
Quileute Reservation8
County Total
Per Capita Disposal Rate9
10
Amount Recycled
Per Capita Generation Rate11
1990
16,175
3,562
2,979
8,289
6,070
1,729
900
310
40,014
3.90
6,075
4.49
1996
18,366
4,177
2,733
8,619
6,018
3,093
1,100
298
44,404
3.74
11,358
4.70
Percent Change
1990 to 1996
13.5%
17.3
-8.3
4.0
-0.9
78.9
22.2
-3.9
11.0
-4.1
87.0
4.7
Notes:
1. Includes municipal collections (residential and commercial accounts) and residential self-haul from
Port Angeles residents,
2. Municipal collections from residential and commercial accounts. Does not include residential or
commercial loads self-hauled to the Blue Mountain Transfer Station or to the Port Angeles Landfill.
3. Consists of waste quantities from the Lake Creek Transfer Station, including residential and
commercial wastes collected or self-hauled from Forks, the Clallam Bay Correctiorls Center and
unincorporated areas, but excluding the Quileute Indian Reservation.
4. Includes waste quantities from the Blue Mountain Transfer Station and from Olympic Disposal's
collections in the unincorporated areas in the eastern half of the County.
5, Commercial self-haul includes commercial, industrial and institutional loads self-hauled to the Port
Angeles Landfill from all areas of the County, including sources within the City of Port Angeles,
except those sources included in footnote #3.
6. Residential waste self-hauled to the Port Angeles Landfill from all areas of the County except the City
of Port Angeles,
7. Quantity shown is an estimated figure provided by the Planning and Economic Development Office for
the Makah Tribal Council
8. Quantity shown was provided by the Quileute Tribal Council.
9. Calculation of the per capita disposal rate is based on 1990 and 1996 population figures (56,204 and
65,000, respectively) from OFM's "1997 Population Trends". Figures shown in the above table are in
pounds per person per day, using total waste quantity disposed, total County population and a 365-day
year.
10. Recycling figure for 1990 is a 1989 figure from the previous Clallam County Solid Waste
Management Plan, and the figure for 1996 is from Washington Department of Ecology's annual
recycling survey (see Table 2.6).
11. Figures shown are in pounds per person per day, using a 365-day year, total waste quantity generated
(disposed and recycled), and County population figures for 1990 (56,204 people) and 1996 (65,000
people).
Chaprer2:Background
Page 2-9
.,..~-_..---: 11
CIallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
derived from a study of broad regional areas, these figures mayor may not accurately reflect the
composition of the waste stream as generated in Clallarn County. No data is available on the
statistical accuracy of the figures shown in Table 2.5, but the figures should be adequate for
planning purposes. In addition, this infonnation is somewhat old and may be seriously outdated.
Prior to any major investments that depend on the composition of the waste stream, an actual
waste composition study should be conducted in Clallam County (especially to collect additional
data on the commercial waste stream).
Waste composition can be expected to change in the future due to changes in consumption
patterns, packaging methods, disposal habits, and other factors. These changes are difficult to
predict in the long term. Furthermore, implementation of this CSWMP will substantially affect
waste composition in Clallam County by affecting purchasing and disposal habits (waste
reduction) and by affecting the quantity and types of materials recycled and composted.
2.3.3 Current Recycling Levels
It is estimated that about 20.4 percent ofClallam County's waste stream, or 11,358 tons per year
(1996 figures), are currently recycled. Estimated recycling levels by material are shown in Table
2.6, based on data from Ecology (Ecology 1997a) and supplemented with information from local
sources,
2.3.4 Current Facilities for Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling
The current facilities that are open to the public for recycling and waste disposal, as well as
private permitted disposal facilities, are shown in Figure 2.1. Additional information on facilities,
especially recycling and closed solid waste facilities, can be found in Section 3.3.1 and Table 5.1.
Chapter 2: Background
Page 2-12
Table 2.5. Estimated Solid Waste Composition in CIaI1am County.
Entire Waste Stream Typical Composition of Select Waste Streams, % by Wt. I
Percent by Tons of Single-Family Multi-Family Residential Commercia '
Material Wei2ht1 Materia12 Residential Residential Self-Haul Self-Haul
PAPER 29.5% 13,099 T 31.1% 36.2% 11.9% 10.5%
Newspaper 4.0 1,776 4.9 9.1 3.4 0.7
Cardboard 7.3 3,241 5.6 8.4 3.5 5.7
Office and Computer Paper 1.5 666 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.6
Mixed Recyclable Paper 8.2 3,641 10J 9.5 3.6 2.0
Milk/Juice Cartons 0.6 266 0.9 0.8 0 0
Frozen Food Containers 0.3 133 0.5 0.5 0 0
Other Paper 7.7 3,419 8.6 7.3 1.2 1.5
PLASTIC 10.0 4,440 11.0 8.6 5.S 10.4
PET Containers 0.4 178 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1
HDPE Containers 0.7 311 1.1 0.9 0.1 OJ
Polystyrene 0,8 355 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5
Plastic Bags 4.0 1,776 4.3 2.7 1.0 2.5
Other Plastic Packaging 0.6 266 0.3 0.3 1.0 2.0
Other Plastics 3.4 1,510 3.9 3.2 3.0 5.0
GLASS 4.6 2,043 7.2 8.3 2.8 2.5
Clear Containers 2.4 1,066 4.5 5.2 1.0 0.5
Green Containers 0.6 266 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.3
Brown and Refillable Beer 0.9 399 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.2
Other Glass 0.7 311 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5
METALS 6.7 2,975 7.5 8.2 9.8 7.8
Aluminum Cans 0.6 266 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.5
Tin Cans 1.5 666 3.4 3.0 0.4 0.1
Mixed Metals 1.4 622 0.9 1.3 3.2 3.5
WhitelBrown Goods 0.1 44 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.1
Other Ferrous 2.6 1,155 2.0 1.1 5.0 3.4
Other Non-Ferrous 0.4 177 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2
ORGANICS/OTHER 31.3 13,898 39.1 35.7 31.8 16.6
Food Waste 11.8 5,240 14.7 10.0 3.2 1.5
Yard Debris 7.7 3,419 6.1 4.2 20,9 6.5
Disposable Diapers 2.5 1,110 4.6 6,0 0.1 0.1
Textiles 3.4 1,510 4.1 4.4 5.0 7.0 I
Tires and Rubber Products 0.4 178 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.7
Other Organics 4.8 2,131 8.8 7,9 1.1 0.8 I
Large Bulky Items 0.5 222 0.4 2.8 1.5 0
Other Materials 0,1 44 0 0.2 0 0
CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS 17.0 7,549 3.1 1.8 37.5 51.5 I
Wood Waste 10.9 4,840 1.8 1.2 25.0 30.0
Gypsum Drywall 0.7 311 0.3 0.1 2.0 2.0
Inert SolidslFines 1.8 799 0.1 0.3 3.5 3.5 I
Other Construction Debris 3.6 1,599 0.9 0.3 7.0 16.0
HAZARDOUS/SPECIAL 1.0 444 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.7
Paint! Adhesives/Solvents 0.3 133 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 I
Other Hazardous Wastes 0.5 222 0.7 0.8 0.2 0,5
TOTAL TONS = 44,404 T
Notes:
1. From" 1992 Washington State Waste Characterization Study", by the Washington State Department of
Ecology, July 1993 (Volume 2, Table 1lI-7, for the entire waste stream and Appendix F, pages F-33, F-34, F-47
and F~8 for the data for select waste streamS).
2. Based on the 1996 tonnage for Clallam County (44,404 tons) and percentages shown in the previous column.
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Ie.
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Aluminum Cans
Antifreeze
Corrugated Cardboard
Ferrous Metals
Food Waste
Glass
Grease, Other Rendering
HOPE Bottles
Mixed WastePaper
Newspaper
Non-Ferrous Metals
PET Bottles
Textiles
Tin Cans
Tires
Used Oil
Vehicle Batteries
White Goods
Yard Debris
Recycled Quantities by Material.
Tons Recvcled 19961
106
5
2,795
398
130
657
550
6
953
696
234
40
84
109
54
820
182
567
2.972
11,358 Tons
20.4%
Total T ODS
Recycling Rate
Table 2.6.
Material
Notes:
1. From the "1996 Washington State Recycling Survey" by the Washington Department of Ecology
(Ecology 1997a). The results shown may be affected by the lower reporting rate that occurred for the
1996 recycling survey.
Chaprer2:Background
Page 2-13
"If
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Solid Wastc Composting
Solid Waste Composting Overview: Solid waste composting typically involves a number of
shredding, composting and screening steps to produce a material that is somewhat similar to yard
debris compost. Mixed waste processing is often a front-end element of solid waste composting
facilities, and in this case it serves the purpose of removing problematic materials (materials that
would interfere with the composting process or the marketability of the end product) as well as
recyclables, Conversely. solid waste composting could also be an clement of mixed waste
processing, where the heavy residuals removed during processing are sent to a composting
system.
Solid Waste Processing Options: There are various options for solid waste composting. In the
simplest case, this method could be defined to include the diversion of specific materials (such as
food waste and clean wood waste) to a composting system that would otherwise handle only yard
debris (or yard debris and biosolids).
In the most capital-intensive option, a solid waste compo sting facility could handle an entire
county's waste stream and require a great dcal offront-end processing. The differences between
this type of a facility and a "mixed waste processing" facility may become blurred and somewhat
arbitrary due to the common need for front-end processing and removal of recyclables. Solid
waste composting, however, usually includes more shredding or grinding of the incoming waste
and more emphasis on removal of physical and chemical contaminants such as plastics and
batteries. The actual composting step may take place in an enclosed system ("in-vessel"
composting), a trough, or a variety of pile configurations.
As with mixed waste processing, the success of solid waste composting depends on the markets
available for the end product and the cost of alternativc disposal methods. Evcn in the best case,
solid waste compost typically has much more limited applications than yard debris compost.
Solid waste compost usually contains small bits of plastic and glass, sincc these do not break
down in thc composting process. Thesc materials dctract from the visual appearance of the
compost and may cause potential customcrs to reject it. The concentrations of metals and other
contaminants may also be a limiting factor in determining where and how the compost can be
used. Hence, applications for solid waste compost are less likely to be found in urban locations,
and this approach typically relies on agricultural applications. Forestry applications are also a
possibility in Clallam County's case, and this is probably a better long-term possibility than
agricultural applications due to the limited (and decreasing) amount of farmland in the County.
A complete cost analysis has not been conducted for this option, but the cost for solid waste
composting would be more than mixed waste processing. Since the basic facility for solid waste
processing includes a system similar to mixed waste processing plus the additional expense of the
composting process, the cost for this option would be considerably greater. Since it was
concluded (see above) that mixed wastc processing cannot compete economically with other solid
waste management options, the same conclusion likely holds true for solid waste composting too.
3.5.4 Recommendations
No waste processing or solid waste composting facilities or programs are recommended at this
time. Future proposals or opportunities should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-25
CIaUam County ComprebcDsive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
3.5.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
An implementation schedule and cost analysis is not applicable at this time for this section, since
no actual facilities or programs are being proposed.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-26
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
3.5 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
3.5.1 Existing Conditions
This section on "alternativc technologics" is used to discuss additional methods for divcrting
materials from the disposal system. The major criteria in this case is the production or
prcservation of matcrials, hence approaches which consumc materials to producc cncrgy are not
includcd here (these arc shown with incineration or alternative technology options in Chapter 5).
The use of the term "alternative" herc refers to options other than methods that rely upon source
scparation, which is the preferred mcthod in Clallam County.
Two possibilities for additional diversion technologies have been identified:
~ mixed waste processing systems, and
~ solid waste composting.
Neither of these approaches is currently practiced in Clallam County, but numerous other
municipalities in the U.S. are using them. According to a recent report (Biocycle 1998), there are
15 solid waste composting facilities currently in operation in the U.S. This technology is more
widely used in Europe, where there are many more facilities that have operated suecessfully for
several years. There are many mixed waste processing facilities in operation in the U.S., but an
exact figure is unavailable.
Both of these methods process mixed waste (garbage) to remove recyclable or other materials,
and both leave a residue that requires disposal in a landfill.
3.5.2 Needs and Opportunities
There are no needs or opportunities that have been identified specifically for mixed waste
processing or solid waste composting, although the increased diversion created by either method
would help meet the County's goal for recycling. In the case of these technologies, however, this
increase in diversion could be relatively expensive, as the capital-intensive facilities generally
required for either approach lead to a relatively high cost per ton compared to other recycling and
composting methods. The cost per ton in Clallam County would be even higher than typical due
to the relatively low volumes of waste generated in the county and the resulting lack of
economies of scale.
3.5.3 Alternative Methods
The use of either approach described below requires careful attention to the markets for recovered
products and the costs of construction and opcration ofthe requircd facilities. The marketability
of the recovered materials may be hard to determine at the design stage of the facility, since the
quality of the materials cannot be certain until the facility is in operation. The construction and
operation costs should be clear in most cases, although many facilities have been built that soon
required expensive modifications and/or additional expenses to function properly.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-23
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Mixed Waste Processing
Mixed Waste Processing Overview: Mixed waste processing requires a facility or system that is
designed to accept solid waste (garbage) and process it in various ways to remove the recyclable
materials. Processing typically includes mechanical systems, which arc effective at removing
only certain materials, and manual sorting. Mixed waste processing could be used in place of
source separation, although often it is used in addition to traditional recycling programs to
remove materials rcmaining in the waste stream. Mixed wastc processing is also used with a co-
collection program, where recyclablcs are placed in a special bag that is then recovered at a
central facility.
Mixed Waste Processing Options: Mixed waste processing systems range in complexity and
capitalization from simple dump-and-pick operations to highly mechanized facilities.
With dump-and-pick operations, recovery is typically limited to those materials easily removed
(such as cardboard boxes and scrap metal). In this case, the primary requirement is simply that
the disposal facility must have a tipping floor to allow loads of waste to be dumped out of
collection vehicles onto a flat surface, with space to spread out each load. Other requirements
include additional labor to pull out materials plus containers for both temporary and long-term
storage of the recovered materials. Dump-and-pick operations may create a situation where
workers have extensive contact with raw garbage, with the subsequent risks to their health. A
forklift or other equipment is also necessary for moving and emptying the containers used for
temporary storage.
In the case of highly mechanized facilities, a great deal of capital equipment (trommel screens,
conveyors, air classifiers) and manual labor is used to remove a wider range and greater amount
of recyclable materials. A typical facility might include a tipping floor for removing bulky and
other non-processible materials, trommel screens (a rotating drum with one or more sizes of holes
in the side) and/or air classifiers for the initial separation of waste components, a picking line for
manually removing materials, and conveyors to link these elements together. The materials
recovered from this type of facility may be lower in quality (dirtier) than source-separated
recyclables, and the economics of this approach may hinge on the availability of a waste-to-
energy plant to purchase the light fraction (paper and plastic) as a fuel.
In any case, waste processing can be a relatively expensive and risky approach for recovering
recyclable materials, and so it is usually not pursued unless there is a strong mandate for
increased recycling or very high disposal fees (i.e., a high potential for avoided costs). If part of
the facility or equipment is already available, however, then mixed waste processing may be more
feasible, For instance, if adequate space is already available at a transfer station or other disposal
facility then a dump-and-pick operation could easily be cost-effective.
A study conducted for Port Angeles (Parametrix 1993) concluded that mixed waste processing (at
$93 to $95 per ton) was close to being economically competitive with other solid waste handling
options and could divert approximately 30% of the waste stream. This analysis assumed the
remaining waste would be exported and that other recycling programs in the county would be
cancelled (existing recycling would be replaced by a central recovery facility, and the cost
savings from the cancelled collections was included as an avoided cost). Since that study was
developed, however, this type of facility has been proven to be a riskier venture than once thought
(several similar facilities have failed) and waste export costs have proven to be significantly
lower than projected. Hence, in reality it is unlikely that mixed waste processing could
economically compete with othcr solid waste management or disposal options for the County.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-24
ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Dmft
ranging from all-purpose fill to high-grade potting medium depending on the quality of the
incoming yard debris, the effectiveness of the composting process, and the care with which the
product is prepared for the market. The medium and high quality compost produced by these
methods may be marketed to public agencies, wholesale nursery and landscape contractors,
fanners, and individual county residents. The highest quality compost should receive a price of
about $3 per cubic yard self-hauled in bulk from the wholesale and large volume markets, while
residents will pay approximately $6 per cubic yard self-hauled or bagged in their own containers.
3.4.4 Recommendations
Most of the yard debris will need to be removed from the waste stream through backyard
composting and centralized facilities to meet Clallam County's overall goal for waste diversion.
Yard debris represents a relatively easy material to handle through alternative methods, is present
in substantial quantities (and so presents a significant opportunity to reduce the waste stream),
and is a resource that should not be taking up valuable landfill space.
To achieve the goal of diverting most of the yard debris from the waste stream, the following
programs should be continued or implemented:
~ chipping of brush should be continued, and as much additional amounts of brush and woody
materials should be diverted to chipping as the end-uses for chips can accommodate. End
uses that should continue to be developed include mulch, hog fuel, composting, road surfaces
at the landfill and other uses that may also be identified.
~ the City of Port Angeles is currently examining the options for a co-composting facility
(biosolids, yard waste and/or other materials) at the Port Angeles Landfill. The SW AC
recommends that, should Port Angeles find this to be a cost-effective option, a composting
facility should be operated at the landfill.
~ drop-off sites should be established at the transfer stations.
~ in addition to Port Angeles and Sequim, separate collection of yard debris could be
considered by Olympic Disposal and West Waste in their respective solid waste collection
service areas if quantities set out for collection increase significantly.
~ public education should be continued to encourage residents to handle their yard debris
separately.
With the above recommendations and the previous recommendations for recycling (see Section
3.3.4), future waste diversion levels can be projected, These figures are shown in Table 3.5.
3.4.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
By the end of the year 2000, any remaining significant sources of disposed yard debris should be
identified and alternative arrangements made for handling these materials. Drop-off sites at the
two transfer stations should be established by the spring season of the year 2001, contingent on
there being a facility to accept the material for composting. Existing activities should be
cond~cted on an ongoing basis.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-21
Cla11am County Comprebensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Table 3.5. Projected Results of Recycling and Composting Programs in
Clallam County.
Current Annual Tonnages Projected Future Tonnages)
Amt. Disposed, Amt. Recycled, Additional Amt. Total
Recvcled Material tons/v~ tons/vcal to be Diverted4 Amount
Paper
Newspaper 1,776 696 500 1,200
Cardboard 3,241 2,795 1,500 4,300
Mixed, Office Paper 4,307 953 1,100 2,050
Glass, Recyclable 1,731 657 400 1,060
Metals
Aluminum Cans 266 106 100 210
Tin Cans 666 109 80 190
White Goods 44 567 10 580
Ferrous 1,777 398 600 1,000
Non-Ferrous Metals 177 234 200 430
Plastics
PET Bottles 178 40 60 100
HOPE Bottles 311 6 40 50
Organics, Other
Food Waste, Grease 5,240 680 50 730
Yard Debris 3,419 2,972 2,000 4,970
Textiles, Leather 1,510 84 30 115
Tires 54 55
CORst. Debris
Asphalt NA NA
Concrete NA NA
Wood 4,840 NA 400 400
Haz./Special
Motor Oil NA 820 10 830
Car Batteries NA 182 10 190
Antifreeze NA 5 5
Totals 29,483 11,358 7,090 18,465
Recycling Rate 20.4% 30.0%
Notes:
1. Based on goal of 30% recycling and composting, and on waste amount of 61 ,500 tons per year
(derived from Table 2.4).
2. From Table 2.5.
3. From Table 2.6.
4. Shows only the additional amounts to be diverted by new or expanded recycling and composting
programs, plus minor additional diverted by existing programs due to increased population.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-22
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
Passive Piles: This option consists of composting yard debris in piles, and requires the least
investment in new equipment. A front-end loader could be used to form the yard debris into large
piles, which arc then turned occasionally to providc mixing and acration. This process is
considered '"passive" because no active aeration or other processing is done. This option
produces a rough grade offinishcd compost in two to three years. This method requires less
space than the windr9w composting option described below. but the increased composting timc
partially offsets the initial space savings. This compost would only be appropriate for low grade
applications, such as roadside applications, residcntial use in gardens or landfill cover,
Chioping/Grinding: The next level of processing involves chipping to produce a coarse mulch
(from woody materials) or grinding yard debris for composting. A front-cnd loadcr could again
bc used to move the yard debris around. load thc chipper/grinder and remove the processed
product, Additional equipment could range from a standard chipper costing between $20,000 and
$50,000 for processing bctween 1 to 3 tons per hour, to a large tub grinder costing $90.000 to
$180,000 and processing between 10 to 25 tons per hour. Screening can also be done to avoid
grinding material that is already sufficiently small in size. Disc screens are typically used for this
type of application, and these screens cost between $5,000 and $50,000 for units that can process
up to 100 tons per hour.
Windrow Composting: This method involves placing yard debris in long narrow piles called
windrows, The windrows are turned about once per week to provide aeration and mixing. This
approach results in a uniform, high-quality compost within 6-12 months. More space is required
per ton of material than for the passive pile composting duc to the need for maneuvering space
around the piles, but frequent turning speeds the process and results in much quicker composting
of the material. Turning the piles may also cause the release of odors.
The windrows could be formed and turned with a front-end loader, but specialized equipment
("windrow turners") are available from several manufacturers. The price range is between
$90,000 and $200,000 for windrow turners that can process 1.000 to 4,000 tons per hour,
In-Vessel Composting: This approach would be the most intensive and controlled processing
option. It involves placing the yard debris and/or other materials into large containers (a
container similar to a roll-off container is used by one vendor) or troughs, with or without mixing
but typically with aeration and odor control systems. This approach is generally too expensive
for yard debris alone, but may be cost-effective for other materials that require a more controlled
process.
Shredding/Screening: The'process of shredding and/or screening the finished compost is an
effective method of improving its quality, regardless of whether it has been chipped, ground, or
composted to some degree. In the case of passive pile composting, some degree of screening is
essential if the final product is to be useful for a variety of applications. In all cases, this process
may allow extraction of the highest quality product, returning unfinished or unacceptable material
back to a grinder or compost pile for further processing.
A combination shredder and rough screening machine may be purchased for $30,000 to $40,000
and will process approximately 40-50 tons per hour. High-quality screening equipmcnt will cost
between $70,000 and $100,000, with the processing rate ranging from 50 to 300 tons per hour
(dcpending on the fineness of the mesh). If the amount of usage is cxpectcd to be low, there may
be soil screcning cquipmcnt that could be borrowed or leased from local businesses.
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-19
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Product Marketing Options
Thc success of a yard debris processing system depends on the ability to effectively market the
resulting product. While a wide variety of potential markets exist, they vary greatly in the type
and quality of product they will accept, the distribution system required to reach them, and the
price (if any) they will pay for the product. Listed below are the possible grades of compost that
may be produced from yard debris and a brief analysis of the potential market for these products:
Unprocessed Leaves: Ifleaves are separated from other yard debris, these may be marketed
without processing to the agricultural community. Farmers have achieved increased yields and
greater drought resistance by applying leaves directly to their land at a rate of 20-40 tons per acre,
This may tie up nitrogen temporarily as the leaves decay, but over the long term this approach
improves soil stability, erosion resistance, and water retention. The problem of nitrogen tie-up
could be alleviated somewhat by allowing the yard debris to decompose on the surface of the land
(a process called "sheet composting") before being turned into the soil, but some studies have
found that little composting occurs during this period. In addition, Ecology may place certain
restrictions on the application of unprocessed yard debris.
Livestock farmers have also used dry leaves as bedding for cattle, horses, and other livestock.
The leaves provide the same qualities of moisture retention, ease of handling, and high carbon
content as does the sawdust often used for this purpose. This application would consume a fairly
small volume ofleaves in Clallam County due to the small amount oflivestock. Also, it is
unlikely that the farmers will pay much, if anything, for this product, but they may be willing to
haul it from the processing/collection facility to the point of use.
Wood Chips/Bark: Chipping wood and bark waste will provide a landscaping material that may
be marketed in a number of ways. This product is a durable mulch that suppresses weeds and
retains moisture when used around all kinds of plantings and in pathways. It could be marketed
to public agencies, to wholesale nursery and landscape contractors, or directly rocounty residents,
Public agencies could use this type of mulch around public buildings and in all types of parks.
Nurseries and landscapers use this type of mulch in many ways, and residents could use the
mulch around their homes and gardens. A price of approximately $2 per cubic yard could be
expected from public agencies and wholesale customers, while up to $4 per cubic yard could be
charged to individual residents, assuming all of these would pick up the mulch at the processing
site. If the mulch were exceptionally high quality, an investment in more sophisticated packaging
and delivery might be warranted and a higher price demanded, but the simplicity of the self-haul
distribution typically makes this the preferred alternative,
Mixed Yard Debris. Chipped/Ground: If it is impossible or impractical to separate the wood and
bark waste from the general yard debris stream, the entire mixture may be ground and/or chipped
together, producing a similar type of mulch as described above but oflower quality and limited
marketability. The mixed mulch is not as attractive as a wood chip or bark mulch, and it is not as
effective in suppressing weeds (one of the main functions of mulch). Nonetheless, the mixed
mulch may find its own markets throughout the County. It could be used most readily as a fill in
any number of applications, including landfill cover and reclamation of gravel pits and eroded
slopes. It is not as stable as composted yard debris, since it is still actively breaking down, and so
it may need to be mixed with other materials to function effectively in these applications,
Composted Yard Debris of High. Medium and Low Ouality: Composting yard debris increases
its value and versatility in the marketplace. The finished compost may be used in applications
Chapter 3: Waste Diversion
Page 3-20
...
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Other considerations for yard debris programs include:
· conducting a composting program in a manner similar to garbage collection provides a high
levcl of conveniencc and possible cost savings.
· specifications for the intended end-use(s) of the finished compost must be identified and met.
· avoided costs and/or environmental savings can help justify expcnditures for yard debris
management alternatives.
· the State has placed a priority on waste prevention, recycling and composting activities,
· substantial odors may be generated by largc-scale composting processes.
3.4.3 Alternative Methods
Gencral Approach
There are a number of approaches to composting of yard debris that may be feasible for Clallam
County, including:
· central compost sites (with separate collection by haulers and/or drop-offby residents).
· brush chipping operations (with separatc collection and/or drop-off of brush).
· subsidized sales of mulching lawnmowers, as some communities have done, and backyard
composting bins.
· mandatory (through a ban on disposal) or voluntary (through public cducation) approaches to
waste prevention (mulching or backyard composting).
The general approach to composting depends on the goal for the amount of yard debris to be
removed from the waste stream, and on the methods available to meet that goal. Incentives may
be necessary to achieve a substantial diversion of yard debris, and these could be financial or
legal in nature. Financial incentives include extra charges for bags of yard debris placed out with
garbage or differential monthly rates to encouragc separate handling. Legal incentives include
mandatory programs that require yard debris to be placed in separate containers or bags or
disposal bans that exclude the material from the landfill-bound waste stream altogether.
Yard Debris Collection Methods
There are three primary methods of collecting yard debris for composting:
Curbside Collection: Curbside collection is the monthly, biweekly or weekly collection of yard
debris from the point of generation (homes and businesses). Businesses mayor may not be
included, but are often not included because they generally do not dispose of significant
quantities of yard debris, Curbside collection of yard debris may be most cost effective in
Clallam County if this service were added to the existing collectors' routes. Most if not all of the
cxisting trucks used for garbage collection could also be used for yard debris, There would be no
additional capital costs if existing trucks arc available, but this is not likcly to be the case (in othcr
words, existing trucks are usually being used at or near a full-time basis). If an additional truck is
needed, the cost for a new rear loader is between $50,000 - $90,000.
Curbside collcction of yard debris demands that a solution be found to the problem of eithcr
separating bags from the yard debris or collecting unbagged material. If placed in plastic trash
bags, yard debris must be emptied from the bags prior to composting. This can be a time-
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ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste ~~VO'lellt Plan, Final Draft
consuming and messy process. Experience bas shown that a crew can empty 150 - 200 bags per
person per hour (Lein 1990), but a successful program can generate a very large number of bags.
It can also be difficult to retain crewmembers for this task due to the strong odor generated by
bagged grass clippings. One alternative is to require that yard debris be placed in special,
biodegradable kraft paper bags, although composting these with the yard debris has proven to be
a problem in some areas.
Another alternative to bags is the use of cans or toters for collecting loose yard debris and
depositing it directly into a truck. Problems with this approach include cost and the fact that the
volume of yard debris may exceed the capacity of containers during certain times of the year.
Cost may be a problem due to the need for a separate container for yard debris. If toters are used
for collection, the cost is approximately $50 or more per toter. The life expectancy of a toter is 5
to 15 years.
Drop-Off Sites: Drop-off sites are most frequently located at public facilities (such as public
works facilities) or disposal sites. At disposal sites, separate areas or containers can be provided
for yard debris. The public is usually offered discounted fees or free dumping of clean yard
debris. At other locations, Collection equipment varies but 40-yard roll-offboxes are often used.
When full, these containers are easily hauled to a yard debris processing (composting) facility.
Mobile or temporary drop sites can also be used, and these can consist of special collection days
at advertised locations (usually on a regular rotation and staffed) where citizens bring their yard
debris and are able to drop it off for little or no fee. The collection equipment can again be 40-
yard roll-offboxes that are easily hauled to a yard debris processing facility when full.
Mobile drop sites require one or more containers (40 cubic yards in size) and the truck to haul
them. Often the truck is already available. If a public agency were to run the mobile drop
program rather than contracting for this service, there may be a truck already owned by the
municipality or one that could be leased/rented from a private source for the once weekly
collection necessary. A 40-yard box with a lid costs between $2,500 and $3,500.
Costs for fixed sites at a transfer station are similar to the costs for the mobile sites or for garbage
collection and hauling at a transfer station.
Other Collection Costs: Other costs directly related to any of the collection methods are
promotion and administrative costs. These vary depending upon the level of service and specific
type of program undertaken. As an example, a mobile drop-off program could involve fliers sent
to all homes (at an approximate cost of $0.40 per piece including postage at the bulk rate), notices
placed in the newspapers (approximate development and advertising costs of $500), and/or
posters placed in local businesses, especially plant nurseries and garden centers (approximate cost
of $1.00 per poster plus $1,000 in staff time for production and distribution).
Yard Debris Processing Options
The processing options for yard debris range from simple and relatively inexpensive systems to
more involved systems requiring a larger investment in equipment. The simplest approaches
yield wood chips for use as mulch and a coarse grade of compost, while the more intensive
systems would produce a high quality soil amendment. The following are typical options for
composting:
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Oallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
With the recent construction of a new transfer station in Forks, the recommendation for an
additional recycling drop-off site has been accomplished. The idea of additional containers for
tourists' use should be examined by the end of2000.
3.4 COMPOSTING
3.4.1 Existing Conditions
Composting can be defmed as the controlled biological decomposition of yard debris to produce a
beneficial product. Compost has a number of applications, but as a soil amendment it provides
organic matter and nutrients, loosens tightly-packed soils, and helps retain moisture.
In this CSWMP, yard debris is defined to include lawn clippings, leaves, weeds, and shrub and
tree prunings. Because prunings are included in the definition of yard debris, "composting" as
used here includes the chipping of brush. Composting of solid waste, however, is not included
here, but is discussed in the next section on alternative technologies.
The garbage collection companies who operate the transfer stations and conduct collections in the
rural areas of the County report that very little yard debris is currently being disposed through
either means by rural residents.
Information on collection and composting services currently available is provided below and
summarized in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 shows the services available to various sectors in the County,
including curbside collection of yard debris, drop-off sites for yard debris within a reasonable
distance, and educational programs promoting backyard composting.
Table 3.4. Current Yard Debris Services in Clallam County.
Geographic Area Single-Family Homes Aparbnents Commercial
Cities:
Port Angeles C,D,BY D D
Sequim D D D
Forks - -- --
Unincorporated Areas:
Tribal lands;
Makahs -- -- --
Other Tribes D D D
Sequim/Port
Angeles/J oyce D,BY D D
NW Area/Clallam
Bav/Sckiu -- -- --
SW area (around
Forks/LaPush) -- -- -
Note: C = Curbside collection, D = Drop-off, BY = Backyard composting,
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Yard Debris Collections
Yard debris collection was initiated in mid-1991 from residential accounts within the City of Port
Angeles. The yard debris that is collected in the curbside program is delivered to thc landfill and
stockpiled along with the material that is delivered by landfill (self-haul) customers. Upon
accumulation of sufficient material, a mobile tub grinder is hired to reduce the pile and the
resulting chips are given away or used for daily cover. Port Angeles is currently examining
alternatives for composting this yard waste with biosolids. There is no charge for yard debris
dropped off separately at the Port Angeles Landfill.
The City of Sequim also initiated yard debris collections in 1991, through a drop~ff site at 701
South Sequim Avenue. At this site, brush is chipped and the chips given away for use as mulch.
Backvard Composting
The results ofa survey in Clallam County (PSR 1989) showed that 53 percent of the residents
practice backyard composting. However, there still may be a significant amount of yard debris in
the solid waste stream going to the landfill. As shown in Table 2.5, an estimated 3,420 tons of
yard debris may still be in Clallam County's waste stream, but since this figure is from a
statewide study this estimate could be erroneously high. Port Angeles has conducted subsidized
sales of compost bins to encourage residents to use backyard composting for their yard debris,
and will likely continue this program in 2000 and 2001.
3.4.2 Needs and Opportunities
Yard debris may represent a significant portion of the urban residential waste stream in Clallam
County, and if so then programs set up to handle this material could create a significant reduction
in solid waste quantities.
Ch. 70.95 RCW requires local governments to expand recycling and composting efforts as a
means to achieve the statewide recycling goal of 50 percent, and sets a high priority on source-
separation programs for yard debris and recyclable materials. Increased efforts in Clallam
County in the area of yard debris composting are needed to comply with these priorities.
With almost any yard debris composting system, there is a potential to create objectionable odors.
This potential problem must be taken into consideration when siting, promoting or otherwise
encouraging the composting of yard debris and other materials,
Two Ecology documents provide additional guidancc on how compost facilities should be
operated and the end products used. The Interim Guidelines for Compost Ouality (Ecology 1994)
provides recommendations on quality standards that compost should meet, as well as providing
guidance on testing (including methods, frequency and other details) and related issues. The
Draft Compost Facilitv Resource Handbook (Ecology 1997b) provides a compilation of
regulations and standards for compost facilities and helps to clarify the applicability of these
regulations to various facilities and feedstocks.
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CJallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Future market prices will be influenced by the economy (local, national and global), prices of
competing feedstocks, supply and demand locally and globally, and other factors. Competing
feedstocks are often virgin materials, including petroleum for plastics and wood fiber for paper,
and recycled materials usually must be lower in price to provide manufacturing companies a
financial incentive to modify their systems to usc these materials.
Market Development
The purchasing policies of public agencies could be revised to encourage the use of recycled
materials. Such purchasing policies may be considered a market-building strategy for recyclable
materials. Clallam County and the City of Port Angeles use some recycled paper currently, but
the County and cities could choose to use more recycled paper for their documents. This would
help increase the demand (and price) for rccycled paper, as well as promote the idea of
purchasing recycled products. The City of Port Angeles has drafted a procurement policy but it
was not yet adopted at the time this CSWMP was being developed.
Local applications could be sought for those materials which cannot easily be recycled through
more conventional means, or that are simply too expensive to ship to out-of-county markets.
Developing local applications for materials such as glass would be preferred and may even
necessary if more material is to be collected for recycling. One approach that has already been
attempted in Clallam County was crushing glass for use as road aggregate, but this was
discontinued due to poor economics.
3.3.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made for recycling programs in Cla]]am County:
.. the SW AC recommends a goal of 30 percent diversion (waste prevention, recycling and
composting) for the next 5 years, with an eventual goal of 40 percent waste diversion for the
County in the long term, A relatively greater amount of this waste diversion is expected to
occur in the more urban areas of the County, where opportunities for recycling are generally
more accessible. The current recycling rate is about 20 percent, which is equal to the interim
goal set for 1996 in the previous CSWMP.
.. the recommended list of materials to be recycled in Clallam County includes newspaper,
cardboard, high grade paper, mixed waste paper, glass, aluminum and tin cans, all other
metals, plastic bottles (PET and HDPE), concrete, asphalt, clean wood waste, and special
wastes such as motor oil, car batteries and antifreeze. Yard debris should also be diverted
from the waste stream, but this is discussed in the next section on composting.
All of these materials cannot be collected by all of the programs in the County. Furthermore,
this list of materials may need to be changed in the future due to new markets, market
problems or other conditions that may affect one or more materials. If it becomes necessary
to change this list of designated recyclables, this should be done based on recommendations
from County staff with concurrence of the SW AC.
.. additional and expanded recycling efforts should concentrate on three areas: additional
amounts and grades of currently-recycled materials, additional materials from the
commercial/industrial waste stream, and additional construction and demolition materials.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
~ the alternatives for public education that were identified in the previous plan have been
implemented and appear to be promoting recycling programs satisfactorily. These efforts
must be continued, and public education efforts for any new programs should be combined
with or modeled after the existing efforts, The responsibility for this should be shared by the
County, cities, Tribal Councils, and schools, with private sector involvement as appropriate
(especially assistance from the garbage haulers by providing notices to their customers
through bill inserts).
~ the possibility of establishing additional curbside collections in the rural areas should be
considered, and opportunities to establish drop-off or curbside collections in Tribal
Reservations should be supported,
~ existing drop-off sites should be maintained and additional sites should be considcred in
Forks and in the Clallam Bay-Neah Bay area. Additional sites should also be considered for
temporary opcration during the tourist season, if these can be operated cost-effectively by
private recycling firms. This could bc achieved though a collaborative effort between the
recycling firms and tourist facilities (such as visitor centers, restaurants, hotels and other
facilities).
~ a number of schools have established recycling programs with the help of private recycling
companies and cities, and an elementary level educational program has been developed and
prcsentcd. These programs should continue and should be expanded in order to increase
recycling tonnages and to reinforce other education efforts. The school districts should take
the lead on expanding recycling programs in the public schools, as well as ensuring that solid
waste and recycling educational information is presented at all grade levels. Other schools,
such as private schools and Peninsula College, will need to set up their own programs. The
County should arrange a meeting for interested persons from thc different schools to share
information.
~ the County and cities should purchase recycled materials and adopt policies that require this
for all of their departments and vendors. In addition, the potential for local markets for glass
and other materials needs to be examined closely by the County and private collectors.
~ all companies and agencies engaged in collecting or processing recyclables in Clallam
County must report their data on an annual basis to Ecology. Proper documentation of
existing recycling activities will be critical for monitoring future progress and related efforts.
If necessary, the County should assist Ecology staff in collecting this information by
encouraging companies to file reports on their activitics.
3.3.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
The overall goal for waste diversion (including waste prevention, recycling and composting) is
30% by the year 2005. Achieving this above goal will requirc additional and expanded collection
programs, which should be phased in over the next three years. Additional collections in schools
and businesses should be targeted first, and financing of these programs can be accomplished
largely through avoided disposal costs. Public education efforts should be conductcd on an
ongoing basis, with a level of cffort similar to what is currently being conducted.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
revised programs include options such as:
~ additional or expanded curbside recycling programs (mandatory or voluntary, commingled or
source-separated) ,
~ increased financial incentives through volume-based rates and incentive rates.
~ additional or expanded commercial recycling programs (collections or drop-off).
~ additional or expanded drop-off and buy-back centers (publicly or privately operated.
~ material recovery facilities (private or public, with varying degrees of capacity to handle
mixed waste or additional rccyclables).
Factors to be considered when evaluating collection options include the objective to maintain
private sector involvement where possible (see Chapter I); the State's requirement to place a
priority on waste prevention and recycling efforts (Ch. 70,95 RCW); a State requirement that
private haulers use rate structures and billing systems that are consistent with the State's priorities
and provide minimum levels of services as established in local comprehensive solid waste
management plans (Ch. 81.77 RCW); and the need for a substantial promotion effort to
encourage good levels of participation.
Another option that might improve the economics of collecting recyclables in the unincorporated
areas of Cla1lam County is co-collection of recyclables and garbage. Co-collection can take the
form of putting separately bagged recyclables into a truck with garbage, or putting recyclables
into a separate container on a garbage truck. The use of either approach generally requires a
facility to handle both garbage and recyclables or, in the ease of placing recyclable in a separate
compartment on the truck, recycling and disposal facilities that are located nearby to each other,
There appears to be limited opportunity to use either method of co-collection in Clallam County
at this time.
Another method for increasing recycling levels is to collect additional types of materials. The
three options considered most feasible for Clallam County in this regard are collecting:
~ additional grades of existing materials, such as different grades of paper products, different
types of plastics, and aerosol cans.
~ additional types of materials from the commercial/industrial waste stream.
~ more construction and demolition materials.
Processing of Recvclable Materials
The ability and capacity to process recyclable materials collected through any type of program is
vital. Without a method to prepare the materials for markets (and prepare them for transportation
to those markets), the materials will not be recycled. As programs in the County increasingly
capture recyclable materials, additional processing capacity may be needed. Various options arc
possible for providing this capacity, including but not limited to:
~ new facilities for handling additional source-separated materials.
~ a new type of facility for handling commingled or co-collected recyclable materials.
~ a processing facility designed to recover recyclables from mixed municipal solid waste.
~ the use of existing facilities to continue to process source-separated materials.
Page 3-11
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Clallam CountyComprebensivc Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
Factors to be considered when evaluating processing options include the high amount of capital
investment frequently needed and the other factors previously mentioned for collection options.
Market Analysis for Existing Recyclable Materials
The current and future status of markets for recyclable materials is an important consideration in
evaluating the need for additional recycling activities, but it is difficult to address this in a long-
range planning document such as this CSWMP. Markets for recyclable materials are constantly
changing, thus rendering any analysis of current prices obsolete in a short period of time. These
changes arc caused by many different factors, so it is also very difficult to provide reliable
predictions about future market conditions. With these considerations in mind, the data in Table
3.3 is provided to illustrate the current market status of the primary recyclable materials collected
in Clallam County.
The markct values shown in Table 3.3 arc averages of the values reported by fourteen companies
and agencies across the State of Washington, The values are intended to be market prices only,
and do not include collection, processing or transportation costs. In the case ofClallam County,
all of these additional costs are relatively high compared to many other areas. On a per-ton or
per-household basis, collection costs are higher in rural areas than in urban areas due to the
greater distances traveled to collect a load of recyclable materials: Processing costs benefit from
economies of scale, so the relatively small amounts of recyclable materials present in Clallam
County leads to relatively high processing costs. Transportation costs for Clallam County are
higher than average due to the distance to markets and the transportation barriers created by the
County's location on the Olympic Peninsula. Bearing these details in mind, Table 3.3 still
provides good baseline data and a sense of the relative values of different materials.
Table 3,3, Typical Market Values
Recycled Material
Newspaper
Cardboard
High-Grade Paper
Mixed Waste Paper
Glass
Aluminum Cans
Tin Cans
Ferrous / White Goods
Non-Ferrous Metals
PET Bottles
HDPE Bottles
for Recyclable Materials.
Average Value. $/ton
$52
73
72
20
18
918
29
38
517
161
202
Note: Data shown is from a survey by Green Solutions in September 1998. Figures are
intended to represent statewide averages of typical prices received in the first half
of 1998.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Togethcr, the cities have approximately 7,400 homes, In addition, about 1,000 multi-family units
(apartments) in Sequim are provided with recycling services through the contract with Waste
Management, and Waste Managemcnt is also providing curbside collection of yard debris to
homes in Port Angeles. All materials collected by Waste Management are processed and
marketed through thcir facility at 2058 Edgewood in Port Angeles. Waste Managemcnt's
contract with Port Angeles expires in December 2002, and in Sequim the contract expires in
October 2001.
Olympic Disposal offers curbside recycling services in unincorporated parts of the County.
Collection from Commercial Generators: Waste Management and Olympic Disposal both
provide recycling collection services to commercial accounts in Port Angeles, Sequim and
surrounding areas, and to apartment buildings in Port Angeles. Materials collected include
cardboard, mixed waste paper, tin cans, aluminum cans, glass and plastic bottles. On the west
end of the County, West Waste collects cardboard and mixed waste paper from commercial
accounts.
Clallam Bay Prison, one of the larger employers in the County, collects their own recyclable
materials. Most of this material is marketed directly by the prison, but they are currently taking
tin cans and plastic bottles to Waste Management for processing and marketing,
Materials Collected for Recveling in Clallam County
A wide variety of materials can theoretically be recycled. It may not be possible to recycle some
materials in Clallam County, however, due to low market prices, higher transportation costs
(caused by greater distance to markets), and the relatively small quantities generated in the
County. The following list summarizes all those materials that are being recycled by the various
programs in the County, but this is not intcnded to imply that all programs in all areas of the
County can recycle all of these materials:
Newspaper
High-Grade Paper
Glass
Tin Cans
Non-Ferrous Metals
HOPE Bottles
Concrete
Motor Oil
Antifreeze
Corrugated Cardboard
Mixed Waste Paper
Aluminum Cans and Foil
Ferrous Metals and White Goods (appliances)
PET Bottles
Asphalt
Wood
Car Batteries
Tires
Processing and Marketing of Rccyc1ables
Currently, the processing and marketing of recyclable materials is performed primarily by the
private companies that are collecting the materials.
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ClaIlam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
3.3.2 Needs and Opportunities
RCW 70.95.090 requires that urban areas receive curbside recycling services. The criteria to be
used for classifying areas as urban include State planning guidelines, total population, population
density, and any applicable land use or utility service plans. The Clallam County Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (1995) is the most relevant land use plan regarding urban designations. This plan
designates four areas as "urban growth areas", or UGA's: Port Angeles, Sequim, Forks and the
Clallam Bay-Sekiu area. At least the latter two of these areas, however, do not currently have the
population densities to warrant curbside recycling services, and so this CSWMP takes a different
approach for designating urban areas. This CSWMP employs the criteria of urban areas with a
population over 5,000 residents to designate urban areas. Port Angeles is the only city that
currently meets this criteria, and so is the only city required by the State to receive curbside
recycling service, although it is expected that Sequim'-s population will grow to exceed 5,000 in
the life of this plan (and at that time will also fall under the State's requirement).
As previously discussed (see Sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4), the large trash cans used by Port Angeles
and Sequim are a disincentive to residents to reduce or recycle waste. This problem impacts the
incentive for residents to reduce their waste quantities through all forms of waste diversion (waste
prevention, recycling and composting). In other areas, other forms of collection rates (such as
incentive rates) would provide additional incentive for waste diversion.
Market development is an important aspect of ensuring future demand for the materials that are
collected for recycling. There are limited market development opportunities at the local level, but
those that are possible arc also quite important. First, local applications could be sought for those
materials which cannot easily be recycled through more conventional means, or that are simply
too expensive to ship to out-of-county markets. A clear example of this is glass, where the low
market value of this material often does not cover the relatively high cost of shipping it to
markets in Seattle and Portland. Developing local applications for this material may be preferred
and even necessary if more glass is to be collected for recycling.
Another means of market development on a local scale is the purchase of products made from
recycled materials, which helps to stimulate demand for the materials collected for recycling.
Although rarely is there the opportunity to purchase back products actually made from locally-
collected materials, the purchase of recycled products still helps stimulate overall demand. In
addition, this is an area where the County and cities can lead by example (or by mandate, if they
require vendors to usc recycled materials), and possibly encourage the private sector and others to
also purchase recycled products.
There is a need for proper documentation of all recycling that is occurring in Clallam County,
Reporting to Ecology the annual amounts handled by various recycling activities will be critical
for future monitoring of progress and related activities.
3.3.3 Alternative Methods
Collection Methods
There are a number of options for collecting increased amounts of recyclable materials, including
both new methods and existing methods that could be expanded. Alternatives for additional or
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C1allam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Dr.Ift
Table 3.1. Six - Year Cost Schedule for Public Facilities for Waste Prevention.
Funding
Capital Expense 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source
Reuse Ranch at Blue Mountain Transfer Station:
Construction $4,500 CPG Funds
Maintenance $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 CPG Funds
and publicity
Notes: Only new or additional expenses for capital investments are shown above.
3.3 RECYCLING
3.3.1 Existing Conditions
Recycling in Clallarn County is handled primarily through private companies, and in some cases
through contracts with municipalities. Program promotion is frequently conducted by the public
sector. For example, the City of Port Angeles has encouraged recycling through city newsletters,
brochures, ads in a variety oflocations, and many other activities. Table 3.2 shows a summary of
services currently available to various sectors in the County, including curbside collection of
recyclable materials, drop-off sites within a reasonable distance, and special arrangements with
various service providers C'provider arrangements").
According to data from the 1996 Washington State Recycling Survey (Ecology 1997a), 11,358
tons of materials were recycled from Clallarn County in 1996 (see Table 2.6). This amount
represents 20.4 percent of the total amount of municipal solid waste generated.
Existing Collection Methods
Four types of collection methods are employed in Clallam County for recycling: drop-off sites,
buy-back centers, household (curbside) collections, and commercial collections.
Drop-Off Sites: Drop-off sites are facilities that accept materials, at no charge or payment, and
may consist simply of an unattended container.
The County's contract for the operation of the Lake Creek and Blue Mountain Transfer Stations
requires the contractor to separately receive recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass, plastic,
tin cans, cardboard and newspaper) deposited by people who haul garbage to the stations.
The Port Angeles Landfill has two collection points for recyclable materials. Waste Management
provides unattended drop-off containers at the landfill entrance for several materials. Mixed
waste paper and cardboard is collected in one 30-yard container, and a second container is
provided for tin cans, aluminum cans, glass bottles (all three colors), and plastic bottles (# 1 ' s and
#2's only), In the tipping area for waste, containers or space is provided for people to separately
drop off white goods (appliances), yard debris, tires, scrap metal, antifreeze, car batteries, and
motor oil.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Table 3.2. Current Recycling Services in Clallam County.
Geographic Area Single-Family Homes Apartments Commercial
Cities:
Port Angeles C,D PA,D C (for OCC), PA, D
Sequim C,D e,D e (for OCC), PA, D
Forks D D P A (OCe, MP), D
Unincorporated Areas:
Tribal lands;
Makahs -- -- --
Other Tribes D D D
Sequim/Port
An~eles/J ovce PA D PA,D PAD
NW ArealClallam
Bay/Sekiu -- P A (for OCC, MP) P A (for OCC, MP)
SW area (around P A (for OCC, MP), P A (for OCC, MP),
ForkslLaPush) D D D
Note: C = Curbside collection, PA = Provider Anangements, D = Drop~ff,
Waste Management also provides drop-off containers for a variety of materials at their facility
near thc landfill, at 2058 Edgewood Drive (452-0772).
Murrey's Disposal d.b.a. Olympic Disposal (Olympic Disposal) operates a buy~back center at
their offices in the Airport Industrial Park in Port Angeles, at 2548 West 19th (452-7278). Their
hours of operation are 8 a,m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, and 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. on
Saturdays. They buy some metals, and accept (for no fee or payment) aluminum cans, cardboard
and mixed papcr.
In Port Angeles, motor oil can be brought to Jiffy Lube and Schuck's Auto Supply, and nickel-
cadmium batteries can bc brought to Radio Shack for recycling. Othcr recycling opportunities for
other materials and products, such as printer cartridges, computers, concrete, asphalt, tires and
wood waste, also exist in the Port Angeles and Sequim area.
Buy-Back Centers: All Metal Recycling, at Second and Albert in Port Angeles (452-7902)
handles all types of metals but primarily purchases non-ferrous metals such as copper, brass,
aluminum and tin. L TJ Recycling, located on Highway 101 between Port Angeles and Sequim
(457-1120), purchases non-ferrous metals as well, but also buys some types of ferrous scrap. In
addition, they will accept appliances, water heaters, and other types of metal-containing scrap.
Clallam County residents and businesses also take matcrial to scrapyards in neighboring counties,
as well as setting aside metals for collection by scrap dealers who occasionally come to Clallam
County to pick up the materials.
Curbside Recycling: Curbside recycling has been provided in Port Angeles and Sequim since
July 1, 1991. Waste Management has been conducting these collections since January 1, 1995.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
it leads to a more significant and truer savings for both the customer and the garbage
collector. This approach not only creates savings from reduced waste amounts, but collection
costs (the bulk of the costs associated with collecting garbage) are cut in half or more. By
passing on this level of savings to the customer, the customer experiences a significantly
greater level of incentive to reduce their waste volumes.
The reuse of commercial or industrial wastes through a waste exchange can be considered to be
either waste prevention or recycling, depending on how the waste is used in a new manufacturing
process. Waste exchanges are available in this area, such as the Pacific Materials Exchange or
the Industrial Materials Exchange sponsored by Seattle and King County.
Waste audits are the most effective method for identifying methods to reduce wastes produced by
industrial and commercial businesses, and the audits could also be used as an opportunity to
encourage the use of recycled materials and opportunities for energy and water conservation, It is
often possible for someone trained in recycling audits to go into a business and identify waste
prevention and recycling opportunities that may be overlooked by the business operators.
Measuring the overall results of waste reduction may not be possible (see discussion under "needs
and opportunities", above) but quantities of a specific material could be monitored to test for
waste prevention. Reductions in a material can also be estimated based on other measurements
(such as the number of compost bins distributed and anticipated pounds of yard debris composted
per household). Evaluating the waste prevention program in general could be based on whether
planned activities are actually conducted and appear to be reaching the target number of people,
In addition to surveys, waste composition studies could be helpful in determining waste
prevention results. Accomplishing this with any accuracy would require an extensive analysis of
current (baseline) waste composition and future waste composition, and then the best that could
be hoped for is an indication of whether specific materials have been reduced. A final possibility
is that the US Environmental Protection Agency and some states are working to develop better
waste prevention measurement methods, which may provide improved methods in the future.
3.2.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made for waste prevention activities in Clallam County:
... public information and education must be continued. The responsibility for this should be
shared by the County, cities, Tribal Councils, and schools, with private sector involvement as
appropriate (especially assistance from the garbage haulers by providing notices to their
customers through bill inserts). A shared approach will improve results through increased
exposure to information on waste prevention, and because individuals may be more receptive
to information from one source over another. For instance, efforts in other locales have
demonstrated that notices from garbage haulers are an effective method of reaching a certain
percentage of the population. In all cases, public information materials should be distributed
with other mailings, such as property tax statements and garbage bills, as much as possible to
reduce mailing costs.
... the County should encourage the development of barter/borrow boards by others, while
taking the lead in developing a swap event and installing a reuse ranch at the Blue Mountain
Transfer Station. Installation of a reuse ranch at Lake Creek Transfer Station should not be
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Clallam Count)' Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
considered until a later date. Installation at only one location will provide an opportunity to
first test the concept before incurring the expensc of a second site.
~ waste audits could be conducted, targcting small to medium-sized businesses first on the
assumption that the largcr businesses have the staff and other resources to best meet their
needs. Assistance in conducting the waste audits could be requestcd from Ecology staff,
although they are currently not providing this assistance for solid waste programs, The idea
of waste cxchanges and similar activitics directed spccifically at busincsses should be
considered for future implementation.
~ the availability of less-frequcnt collections in the rural areas should bc publicized morc, and a
similar approach should be considered throughout Clallam County.
~ increased use of volume-based rates for houscholds should be explored for all areas of
Clallam County, including other types of differential rates (such as additional charges for
those who put yard debris out with garbage or who do not separate recyclable materials from
their garbage). The type of rate that can be used will depend on whether the area is served by
a franchised hauler, municipal system or is under contract. More flexibility is generally
possible in municipal and contract systems, but even in the franchise areas some types of
differential rates are possible, such as additional charges to households that do not separate
recyclablcs. To accomplish this, however, the County may need to enact a service ordinance.
~ due to the difficulty in measuring waste prevention results and the large degree of overlap
with recycling activitics, a separate goal for waste prevention is not the best approach for
Clallam County, Numerical goals would be more ofa hindrance than they would be
beneficial, due to the difficulty in measuring performance based on these goals. Instead, the
goal for waste prevention has been combined with recycling and composting (see Section
3.3.4), and evaluation of the waste prevention program should be conducted using a
performance-based standard.
Using a performance-based standard, the waste prevention program should be evaluated
based on whether the activities and recommendations listed above have been conducted. To
back up the performance-based standards, surveys could be conducted every few years to test
changes in public attitudes and practices. These surveys could also be used to test the
effectiveness of various public education methods. by asking respondents where or how they
had received information on waste prevention techniques.
3.2.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
Public information and education should be continued on an ongoing basis, at a similar cost to
current expenditures. Waste audits should begin by mid-2001, at a cost of about $5,000 for
staffing and materials (to be included in the activities funded by the CPG grant).
The barterlborrow boards, swap event, and rcuse ranch should be implemented in 2001 using
CPG funds. The barterlborrow boards should be conducted as part of an existing community
service, at essentially no dircct cost. The swap event should rely on volunteers as much as
possible, at a dircct expense of about $750 for the first event ($500 per event after that). The
reusc ranch should be set up at the Blue Mountain Transfer Station by constructing a small shed.
With publicity, the reuse ranch is expected to cost about $5,000 in the first year and then only
about $500 per year in future years for maintenance and publicity (see also Tablc 3.1).
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ClalJam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
the current system of second hand stores, in which case it may be more appropriate for local
agencies (such as city governments and Tribal Councils) to establish this service. By making use
of existing programs or community services, the cost for these other agencies to establish a
barterlborrow board would be substantially less than it would be for the County.
A reuse ranch is an area at a recycling center, disposal facility or other location that is set aside to
make available a variety of reusable items at no cost. The annual cost of a reuse ranch may be as
low as $1,000 for publicity alone or up to $10,000 for leasing a structure and other costs. Reuse
ranches have proved to be a popular practice in other areas of the country.
Swap events, such as Jefferson County's semi-annual SW AC-SW AP, have also proven to be very
popular. This approach involves a one or two-day event where people are allowed to bring in
and/or take away reusable materials and products (no garbage is allowed). Implementing this
activity requires a large area for drop-off of reusable products (usually fairgrounds or other "free"
space), publicizing the event, providing access control and monitoring of materials dropped off,
and disposing of a small amount of residual garbage. If free space can be arranged and labor is
provided through volunteers, then the cost for this event is minimal (limited to public information
printing and distribution, at approximately $500 per event, plus an additional few hundred dollars
for signs for the first event). This event can also be combined with the collection of specific
recyclables, such as scrap metal.
Greater use of variable rates would be one method that could be used to encourage waste
prevention. The use of variable rates increases residents' awareness of waste generation, and can
provide financial incentives for participation in waste prevention and recycling programs.
Examples of variable rates include:
~ higher rates for larger volumes of waste (as is already done in rural areas of the County).
Using this approach in some areas of the County would require eliminating large trash
containers currently for residential garbage collections. By switching to smaller containers,
residents could be more precisely charged according to the amount of waste produced.
There are some concerns that volume-based rates may tempt some residents to illegally dump
their waste, but recent studies have shown this to be only a minor and temporary problem
(Resource Recycling 1998). Even so, any new or additional volume-based rates must be
properly designed and publicized to avoid negative public reaction.
~ special fees for specific wastes. Special fees could be applied to bags of yard debris, for
instance, to encourage people to handle this material separately from garbage.
~ discounts for participation in waste prevention activities. Discounts in garbage collection
fees could be provided to customers who do not set out specific materials, such as yard
debris, on the assumption that they are handling the material by waste prevention, such as
backyard composting. This system of financial incentives has been used successfully in
many areas, and the use of differential rates often has the support of the general public. In a
previous survey (PSR 1989), 52 percent of Clallam County residents felt that households
should be charged more ifthey do not separate rccyclables from their garbage, 32 percent felt
this should not be done, and 16 percent weren't sure.
~ less frequent collections. By collecting garbage every-other-week or monthly, the same size
of garbage container can still be used to in effect create a lower volume of collection service.
This approach, already in use in the rural areas of Clallam County, is gaining in popularity as
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
There are no disposal bans or other mandates currently in effect in Clallam County that would
qualify as waste prevention.
3.2.2 Needs and Opportunities
Waste prevention is an activity that impacts all other aspects of solid waste managcment by
decreasing the amount of waste generated. Thus, the promotion of waste prevention activities can
be seen as an investment that will rcduce thc future cost of solid waste disposal.
One method of promoting waste prevention is through the use of volume-based rates and other
variable rate structures. These types of rates can take many forms, but many are designed to
charge waste generators according to the amount of waste produced. Volume-based rates are
currently used for garbage collections in the unincorporated areas and for deliveries of waste to
the landfill and transfer stations. At this time, only the collections in Port Angeles and Sequim
are not volume-based, in the sense that the containers used in these cities are too large (90 and
300 gallons) to encourage people to produce less garbage. These sizes of containers were
originally chosen due to equipment constraints (the collection trucks could only grasp these larger
containers) and collection efficiencies (larger, shared containers means fewer stops, faster
collection and hence lower collection costs).
Measurement of the results from waste prevention activities can be very difficult. Monitoring per
capita waste generation rates has been proposed by some, but a reduction in waste quantities of
five percent (a typical goal for waste prevention efforts) can be easily masked or artificially
"created" by unrelated fluctuations in waste quantities. Previous studies have shown that waste
quantities may vary by ten to fifteen percent without there being an obvious reason for the
variation, although according to a recent study total wages and per capita income are the
economic variables with the best correlation (MOEA 1998).
In Clallam County, the apparent waste generation rate may also be affected by a number of other
factors, including tourism and increased disposal costs or economic hardships. The rate of
tourism could increase or decrease, causing the total quantity of waste generated in Clallam
County to change independently of the County's population. Increased disposal costs or
economic hardships could cause more people to bum trash in their backyards, leading to
reductions in waste volumes through an undesirable method. Hence, it may not be possible to
measure the overall impact of a waste prevention program
Most recommendations from the previous solid waste management plan (SCS 1993) have been
implemented over the past few years. Maintenance of these programs will ensure the continued
promotion ofwaste prevention, but additional reuse opportunities for residents and businesses
would be helpful.
3.2.3 Alternative Methods
Additional waste prevention can be accomplished by encouraging the reuse of materials and
products through barterlborrow boards, "reuse ranches", swap events, and other activities. The
barterlborrow board involves residents and businesses offering items for barter or requesting to
borrow infrequently used items. If the County provided space and forms for this, the initial cost
would be about $5,000 (primarily for promotion) and annual operating expenses would be about
$500. This option, however, may be best suited to those areas of the County not well-served by
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Dmft
marketing of recyclable materials. Each community is required to set a goal that suits its
situation, provided that the goal is based on justified and sound reasoning.
The State's goal was for recycling and composting only, but this CSWMP addresses an overall
goal for waste diversion that also includes waste prevention.
3.2 WASTE PREVENTION
3.2.1 Existing Conditions
Waste prevention (or waste reduction) is defined as those methods and activities that avoid the
creation (generation) of waste, Recycling is not included as waste prevention because recycling
handles materials after they have been created as a waste. The success of waste prevention
efforts depends on public information and education to a greater extent than other components of
the solid waste management system. There is sometimes a distinction drawn between "public
information" materials, which are the specific pieces of information (brochures, notices, etc.), and
"public education", which is the effort of distributing these materials, but obviously both are
needed to effectively inform or motivate people.
The City of Port Angeles continues to encourage waste prevention efforts through a variety of
public education methods. Methods have included city newsletters, brochures, speakers at
various organizations, and advertisements in the newspaper, on television and radio. This is a
joint program of the City's and Clallam County, with much of the funding provided by the
County through CPG funds from Ecology. The annual cost for staff time, travel, materials and
related expenses is $58,500 per year (1999 figure),
There are a number of retail stores and personal activities that are occurring in Clallam County
that promote the reuse of products and materials. These activities are creating a lVery significant
amount of waste reduction, but are difficult to measure. No data is available as to the quantity of
waste diverted by these activities, which includes activities such as:
· secondhand stores and consignment shops
· person-to-person transfers (sales or gifts)
· garage sales, want ads and swap meets
· antique stores
· pawn shops
· charity and thrift stores
· bookstores
· clothing and food banks
· sales of surplus materials by contractors
· auto wrecking and parts dealers
· used car, truck and boat dealers
· precious metals and coin dealers
Volume-based rates are currently used in the unincorporated areas of Clallam County and in the
City of Forks, with subscription rates for garbage collection increasing with higher volumes of
garbage service. In the unincorporated areas, rates current as of mid-1998 increase from an
average of$12.51 per month for weekly collection of a "mini-can", to $15.44 per month for
weekly collection of one can, to $23.15 per month for weekly collection of two cans.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management PIan. Final Draft
CHAPTER 3: WASTE DIVERSION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The six purposes of this chapter are to:
~ rcvicw cxisting wastc prcvcntion, recycling and composting activitics in Clallam County.
~ identify the needs, problems, or opportunities not yet addrcssed by cxisting wastc prcvention,
rccycling and composting facilitics and programs.
~ suggest alternatives to mcet the idcntified needs and opportunities.
~ recommend future programs or actions as appropriate to the needs and abilities of the County
and the County's residents, businesses and service-providers.
~ present implementation schedules and costs for the recommended programs and facilities.
~ meet the requirements of Chapter (Ch.) 70.95 RCW.
This chapter is divided into four additional sections that describe various waste diversion
methods. These sections are:
3 .2 Waste Prevention
3.3 Recycling
3.4 Composting
3.5 Alternative Technologies
A document that provided significant guidance for this section is the Guidelines for the
Development of Local Solid Waste Mcmagement Plans and Plan Revisions (Ecology 1990).
These planning guidelines provide information on the significance of State laws, suggested
services, and the process for plan development review and adoption. An important aspect of the
guidelines is to bring about the implementation of the goals stated in Ch. 70.95 RCW. The
following goals (among others) were developed and included in RCW 70.95 as the basis for solid
waste planning in Washington State:
~ Washington State was to achieve a statewide recycling and composting rate of 50% by 1995.
~ source separation of waste (at a minimum, separation into recyclable and non-recyclable
fractions) must be a fundamental strategy of solid waste management.
~ steps should be taken to make recycling at least as affordable and convenient to the ratepayer
as mixed waste disposal.
The State's goal of50% recycling and composting by 1995 was not met, and in fact recent data
shows that the State's recycling rate actually declined significantly in 1997. In the absence of
new policy direction by the State, it is presumed that the statewide goal remains at 50%. RCW
70.95 does not mandate that each county or city achieve 50% waste diversion, however, since it is
recognized that less-populated areas have greater barriers to cost-effective collection and
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Dmft
CHAPTER 4: COLLECTION AND TRANSFER
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The six purposes of this chapter are to:
~ review existing waste collection and transfer activities in Cla1lam County.
~ identify the needs, problems or opportunities not yet addressed by existing collection and
transfer facilities and programs.
~ suggest alternatives to meet the identified needs and opportunities.
~ recommend future programs or actions as appropriate to the needs and abilities of the County
and the County's residents, businesses and service-providers.
~ provide implementation schedules and costs for the recommended programs and facilities.
~ meet the requirements of Chapter (Ch.) 70.95 RCW.
The activities discussed in this chapter are organized into two additional sections:
4.2 Solid Waste Collection
4.3 In-County Transfer
4.2 SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
4.2.1 Existing Conditions
There are six garbage collection operations in Clallam County, including Port Angeles, Sequim,
Gary's Disposal, Olympic Disposal, the Quileute Tribal Council, and West Waste & Recycling.
The two cities and the Quileute Tribal Council provide collection services within their respective
jurisdictions. Gary's Disposal provides collection services on the Makah Indian reservation only.
Olympic Disposal and West Waste have contracts to collect waste from various businesses and
agencies, and are franchised to collect waste in the unincorporated areas of the County.
Each of the collection operations is discussed in greater detail below, and are summarized in
Table 4.1.
City of Port Angeles
The City of Port Angeles Solid Waste Utility collects garbage from over 6,000 residential
accounts and 700 commercial accounts using a fully-automated collection system. The Solid
Waste Utility uses three Rapid Rail trucks with one driver per truck. The automated equipment is
designed to lift and empty 90 and 300-gallon containers, and the smallest size that can be handled
by this equipment are 6O-gallon containers.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
Table 4.1. Summary of Collection and Transfer Services.
Area and e Collection Curbside Curbside
Service Provider Residential Commercial Recvcling Yard Debris Disposal Site
City of Forks;
West Waste X X Waste export
City of Pt. Angeles;
DM Disposal X P A Landfill
Municipal Crews X X P A Landfill
Waste ement X X
City of Sequim;
Municipal Crews X X PA LandfiJt
Waste - , ement X
Tribal Lands;
Gary Disposal (for X X P A Landfill
Makabs only)
Ouileute Crews X X P A Landfill
U nine. Areas;
Olympic Disposal X X X X P A Landfill
West Waste X X Waste Exoort
Refuse collection is mandatory for the residents of Port Angeles, and the Solid Waste Utility
provides service to residential customers on a weekly basis. Residents with alley access share a
300-gallon container with 2 or 3 other households. Residents without alley access use a 90-gallon
container that is placed at the curb. Personalized service is provided to senior citizens and
handicapped residents.
Commercial customers may receive collection service one to six. days per week. Commercial
customers have the option of using the Utility's service, self-hauling directly to the landfill, or in
special cases they may contract with D. M. Disposal (the non-franchise division of Murrey's
Disposal). D. M. Disposal serves accounts within the City of Port Angeles with the prior
approval of the City, collecting waste from those businesses using roll~ffs and compactors.
Collection rates for the City of Port Angeles are shown in Appendix D. The population density of
Port Angeles is 1,884 people per square mile (1990 data).
City of Sequim
The City of Sequim Public Works Department provides collection services within its incorporated
limits. Equipment for the City of Sequim is similar to the equipment used by the City of Port
Angeles and includes three Rapid Rail trucks. The trucks are side loaders that use 90-gallon and
300-gallon standard containers for pickup for most residential and commercial accounts. Waste
collected in these trucks is hauled to the Port Angeles Landfill, a 40-mile roundtrip.
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ClalJam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Solid waste is collected weekly from residential customers, who are billed once every two months
(T$;~. along with water and sewer charges. Commercial customers are provided with collection services
one to three days per week and are billed monthly.
Rates charged are shown in Appendix D. The population density ofSequim is 1,246 people per
square mile (1990 data).
Gary's Disposal
Gary's Disposal (Box 8, Neah Bay, Washington. 98357) currently provides collection service
within the community ofNeah Bay and other parts of the Makah Indian Reservation.
For the Makah Indian Reservation. Gary's Disposal provides refuse collection service by contract
for Tribal. members and institutioDS. Residential service is provided twice weekly with a 13 cubic
yard rear-loading truck. The Tribal. Council pays for residential collection for both tribal. and
non-tribal. members. Businesses are billed directly by Gary's Disposal and service is provided as
needed (generally three times per week). Refuse is currently hauled to the Neah Bay Landfill.
OlvrnDic Disposal
Murrey's Disposal, headquartered in Puyallup, Washington. purchased Olympic Disposal's
operation and assets in 1997. In October 1998, Murrey's Disposal was purchased by Waste
Connections (headquartered in Roseville, Califorriia). Murrey's Disposal d.b.a. Olympic
Disposal (or "Olympic Disposal") has a fleet of trucks with various capacities and capabilities
that are used in Clallam County. The fleet includes rear packer trucks, trucks that can handle
containers (dumpsters) that are one, two and three cubic yards, and tilt frame (roll-off) trucks for
hauling drop boxes with capacities of 10,20,25,30,40 and 53 cubic yards.
Olympic Disposal has contracts to provide refuse collection services for Olympic National Parks
and Sequim Bay State Park, and is franchised by the Washington Utilities and Transportation
Commission (WUTC) to collect refuse in parts of Clallam County. The WUTC franchise
(Certificate G-9) grants Olympic Disposal the authority to provide waste collection services to
residents and businesses (at their request) in the unincorporated areas of the County. This
franchise overlaps with West Waste's service area, which also has a franchise to collect garbage
in the unincorporated areas west of Lake Crescent.
Through their non-franchise subdivision, D. M. Disposal, Olympic Disposal collects waste from
drop boxes and compactor units in the City of Port Angeles (i.e., from businesses that need to use
larger containers that cannot be emptied by the City's collection equipment). Waste from all of
their collectioDS in Clallam County is hauled to the Port Angeles Landfill. Olympic Disposal also
contracts with Clallam County to operate the two County-owned transfer stations, and collects
refuse in neighboring Jefferson County.
Refuse collection rates effective at this time for Olympic Disposal are shown in Appendix D.
The population density for the unincorporated areas of Clallam County, including Forks, is 19.3
people per square mile (1990 data).
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ClaIlam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
The Ouileute Indian Reservation
The Quileute Tribal Council provides garbage collection services for the residents of the Quileute
Indian Reservation through the La Push Utilities Department. The garbage is brought to the Port
Angeles Landfill.
Other Tribes: The remaining three reservations are the Ozette Indian Reservation (located on the
Pacific Coast south ofNeah Bay), the Lower Elwha Indian Reservation (located on the Strait of
Juan de Fuca west of Port Angeles), and the Jamestown S 'K1allam Reservation (located along the
south end ofSequim Bay). Solid waste collection and disposal services for these reservations are
provided as part of the regular solid waste management system in Clallam County.
West Waste & Recycling
West Waste has a contract with the City of Forks to collect garbage on a non-mandatory basis
from homes and businesses in that city (i.e., homes and businesses choose whether to subscribe to
the collection service). West Waste also has contracts with Clallam County Parks and the Coast
Guard Station at Neah Bay, and has a franchise to collect garbage from homes and businesses in
the unincorporated areas of Clallam County west of Lake Crescent. This franchise area overlaps
with Olympic Disposal's franchise.
The current rates charged by West Waste are shown in Appendix D.
State Regulations
The Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) supervises and regulates
garbage collection companies. Their authority (Ch. 81.77 RCWand Ch, 480-70 WAC) is limited
to private collection companies and does not extend to municipal collection systems operated by a
city or to private haulers operating under contract to a city. For the operations under their
jurisdiction, wurc may require reports, fix rates and regulate service areas and safety practices.
Cities and towns have several options for managing solid waste collection under State laws.
None of these options eliminate the right ofa waste generator to haul their own waste. These
options are:
~ if a city does not wish to be involved in the regulation of garbage collection within its
boundaries, collection services would be provided by franchised collectors certified by the
WUTC.
~ the City may require a franchised collector to secure a license from the City.
~ the City may award contracts for collection for all or part of the City.
~ the City may operate its own municipal collection system.
The WUTC would not have jurisdiction over the last two options (RCW 81.77.020).
Various motor vehicle standards also apply to trucks transporting solid waste.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Local Re~ons
Garbage collection service is mandatory in Port Angeles and Sequim, but not in Forks or other
parts of the County. Additional provisions for garbage collection contained within the City of
Port Angeles' municipal code (see Appendix D) address collection rates, prohibition of placing
trash from outside the City into garbage containers, recycling program requirements, and
prohibition of certain types of waste (dangerous wastes, large quantities of construction and
demolition debris, dead animals and wastes containing excessive liquids). Additional provisions
for garbage collection contained within Sequim's municipal code (see Appendix D) address
collection rates, nn!ll'.ceptable materials and other requirements.
Federal Regulation
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requires that federal facilities comply with
substantive andproceduIallaws and regulations ofStatc and local governments. Thus, military
installations and federal agencies must operate in a manner consistent with local solid waste
management activities and policies.
4.2.2 Needs and Opportunities
Additional incentives for recycling could be provided through volume-based rates or incentive
rates for garbage collection.
The relatively large size of the residential garbage containers used by Port Angeles and Sequim,
especially the 300-gallon containers used for alley service, prevents an equitable billing method
based on actual waste amounts and is thought to be a disincentive for people to recycle. In
addition, the large containers invite unwanted usage by non-city residents. Replacing the 90- and
300-gallon containers with smaller containers would provide the cities with an opportunity to
establish volume-based rates for their residents.
Future waste quantities have been estimated (see Table 2.4), and the existing collection system is
anticipated to be able to handle the projected increase.
4.2.3 Alternative Methods
Collection Rate Structures
Several types of collection rates could be used (or used more extensively) in Clallam County,
including volume-based rates, incentive rates, and combined solid waste fees. Volume-based
rates have been discussed in the previous sections of this CSWMP. Incentive rates provide a
discount from typical garbage collection fees if residential customers participate in a cwbside
recycling program. Combined solid waste fees are structured so that the cost of garbage
collection and recycling (and also possibly yard waste collection) is combined into one fee, and
people are encouraged to recycle because "they are already paying for it".
Incentive fees are used in other parts of the State, such as rural parts of Pierce County. This is an
excellent method to encourage participation in curbside recycling programs, although a possible
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C1a1Iam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
drawback is that it may supports the public's mistaken impression that garbage haulers make
large profits from recycling programs.
Combined solid waste rates are also currently used in other areas of the State, but are considered
less of an option for Clallam County because this rate has both the drawbacks of incentive rates
(i.e., hides the true costs) without providing a clear incentive for recycling or volume reduction.
Service Ordinance
The adoption of a service ordinance by the County can be a method to effectively implement
specific programs in the rural areas, areas that normally the County would have little control over
(barring a collection district or another special mechanism). Service ordinances can be a meaDS
of requiring that franchised haulers provide certain services in those areas, such as recycling or
yard waste collection services. A service ordinance may be needed to implement incentive rates
or other rate structures in the unincorporated areas of the County (see Section 3.2.4).
Mandatorv versus V oluntaIy Garbage Collection
Alternative methods to meet collection needs for Clallam County consist of mandatory versus
voluntary services. Currently about 35 percent of the County's population are in areas where
collection service is mandatory, and the remainder is largely in rural areas where it is voluntary.
Mandatory collection programs throughout the rest of Clallam County would provide some
benefits, but not without possible drawbacks. Benefits include a reduction in illegal dumping; a
reduced need for enforcement of illegal dumping, littering and other laws; and greater ability to
provide curbside recycling programs (assuming a combination of recycling services with garbage
removal). Mandatory collection, however, can act as a disincentive for those who are actively
trying to reduce wastes, as well as being unpopular in general.
Mandatory collection in unincorporated areas could be provided through a solid waste collection
district. State law (Ch. 36.58A RCW) enables a county to establish such a district. The concept
of a solid waste district is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 6.
4.2.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made for changes in the collection system in Clallam
County:
~ the Cities of Port Angeles and Sequim should explore the feasibility of replacing the current
garbage containers with smaller containers for residential service.
~ incentive rates should be ~ituted in all parts of Clallam County. A service ordinance would
be required to accomplish this in the unincorporated areas.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
4.2.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
Incentive rates should be implemented at the time of the next significant rate change for the
franchised haulers. This will avoid any direct costs associated with filing a revised tariff with the
WUTC, as well as avoiding negative public reaction that may result from frequent rate changes.
This schedule assumes that rate changes will be necessary in the near future as ClalIam County
moves from the use of the Port Angeles Landfill to a waste export system (see Chapter 5).
Changes in collection methods and systems should be reassessed in all future revisions of this
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. (CSWMP).
4.3 IN-COUNlY TRANSFER
4.3.1 EDsting Conditions
Two County-owned transfer stations are currently operating in CIa1lam County. These are the
Blue Mountain and the Lake Creek Transfer Stations (see Figure 2.1). A third transfer station.
the CIallam Bay Transfer Station, was closed in 1995 due to low volumes of waste and high
operating costs. A new transfer s1ation is being constructed by West Waste.
The two transfer stations are leased to a private company through a competitive bidding process,
and the contracts for these were renewed January 1,2000. The contracts can be renewed annually
through 2004 upon mutual agreement by the County and operator. Currently, both transfer
stations are operated by D. M. Disposal, and the waste is hauled to the Port Angeles Landfill.
The waste is not required to go to the Port Angeles Landfill, but the disposal site must be
approved by the County.
Blue Mountain Transfer Station
The Blue Mountain Transfer Station is located at the site of the Blue Mountain Dump, which was
closed in 1974, and is on land leased from the DNR. It is located between Port Angeles and
Sequim on Blue Mountain Road approximately 1.5 miles south of Highway 101. The current
hours of operation are Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and an
attendant staffs the station during these hours.
The station is a direct discharge type employing two 53 cubic yard containers and is covered for
wind and Tain. protection. The containers are supplied by D. M. Disposal. The container on the
west side of the facility is used for garbage, while the on the east side the container is used for
commingled recyclable materials (tin cans, aluminum cans, and plastic bottles). This facility
received approximately 314 tons in 1998. The waste from this transfer station is hauled to the
Port Angeles Landfill.
Smaller containers are also provided for additional types of recyclable materials, including
newspaper, cardboard, glass, non-ferrous metals, oil and antifreeze. No charges are required for
dropping off recycIables. Customers bringing loads of waste to this transfer station are charged
$0.07 per pound ($140 per ton), and there is a scale on-site for determining the weight ofloads.
Refrigerators and freezers are not accepted at this site.
Chapter 4: Collection and Transfer
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CIaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaDqemeDt Plan. Final Dmft
Lake Creek Transfer Station
The Lake Creek Transfer Station was opened in 1989 when the Lake Creek I JU1dfill was closed.
The transfer station is at the site of the closed landfill, and serves the west end ofClallam County.
The current hours of operation are Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.,
and the site is staffed during these hours. The Lake Creek Transfer Station received 402 tons of
solid waste in 1997. There is no scale at this transfer station and so disposal charges are usually
based on volume rather than weight. Current disposal charges are $4.20 per 3o-gaI1on can or bag,
$22.00 per cubic yard, and $125.00 per ton.
This station uses 20 and 40-foot transfer trailers. Additional structures and utilities at this site
include an attendant's trailer, water service and electrical service. There is no fixed cover over
the trailers or the unloading area, and as a result the disposal trailers can collect a significant
amount of moisture due to rainfall if the trailers are not equipped with their own covers.
Containers (2o-yard trailers) are provided at the transfer station for collection of recyclable
materials, including aluminum cans, tin cans, glass bottles, plastic bottles (types 1 and 2 only),
cardboard, mixed paper, oil and antifreeze. 1bere is no charge for dropping off recyclable
materials.
West Waste Transfer Station
A new transfer station was constructed in Forks in early 2000, and became operational in March.
This transfer station is owned and operated by West Waste. Waste handled by this transfer
station includes waste collected by West Waste and self-haul waste brought to it. Hours of
operation for accepting self-haul waste are Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays from 9:00 a.m. to
5:00 p.m., and the site is staffed during these hours. There is no scale at this transfer station and
so disposal charges are based on volume rather than weight.
The waste from this transfer station is being exported by another garbage handling company
(Harold LeMay Enterprises) to a rail loading facility outside of the County and ultimately to
Regional Landfill Disposal's large landfill in Klickitat County, Washington.
Containers are provided at the transfer station for collection of recyclable materials, including
aluminum cans, tin cans, glass bottles, plastic bottles (types 1 and 2 only), cardboard, mixed
paper, oil, antifreeze, white goods, car batteries, and wood debris. There is no charge for
dropping off recyclable materials.
4.3.2 Needs and Opportunities
Problems at the existing transfer stations are minimal at this time, although rainfall at the Lake
Creek Transfer Station has been a problem in the past. The high rains on the west side of the
County, coupled with the lack of cover for disposal trailers, was adding an estimated 4,000 to
8,000 pounds of moisture to each load of garbage at this transfer station. At this time, however, a
different type of trailer is being used by the current operator of this transfer station and rainfall is
not a problem. The current trailers are equipped with rainproof covers that are put in place when
the trailer is not being actively used.
Chapter 4: Collection and Transfer
Page 4-8
...
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
Despite the loss of the CIalIam Bay Tmnsfer Station, transfer stations are now located so that the
majority of residents and businesses in Clallam County have reasonably good access to a disposal
or transfer site. This could change, however, if the Neah Bay Landfill is closed. The possible
closure of this landfill, which is used solely by Makah Indian Reservation, has been discussed for
many years. If the Neah Bay Landfill is closed, waste from the Makah Indian Reservation could
be hauled to the Port Angeles Landfill or a transfer station. Although this could be accomplished
through direct hauling in packer-type collection trucks, it may be more efficient to transfer the
waste to larger containers or trailers in Neah Bay before transporting it to another disposal site.
Before plans are made to take this waste to any ttansfer or disposal site, however, it will be
necessary to confinn or negotiate available capacity and delivery arrangements.
Besides Neah Bay and new or improved transfer stations that may be needed for waste export
purposes (see the next chapter), additional transfer stations should not be needed in the future
unless there are major shifts in population centers or new areas of population growth occur.
Improvements at the existing transfer stations may be needed in the future to meet dtlU'lgjng
needs (for new approaches to yard waste or other wastes) or due to changes in the Minimum
Functional Standards. With the new ttansfer station near Forks. there may be excess tmnsfer
capacity in the west end of the County and one of the stations may need to be closed in the future
due to economics.
Recycling collections at the transfer stations is an important opportunity for recycling for many
people in the County. Collecting recyclable materials through drop-off containers at the transfer
stations is a relatively inexpensive method to collect these materials, although some of the
materials still may not be cost-effective to collect (i.e., market revenues are not covering the costs
of handling the materials).
4.3.3 Alternative Methods
An alternative to public construction and ownership of transfer stations is private ownership.
Operation of transfer stations can be accomplished by either the public or private sector, even if
the facility is publicly owned.
Alternative methods to handle waste from the Makah Reservation area, should the Neah Bay
Landfill be closed, include:
~ direct hauling to either the Lake Creek Transfer Station or the Port Angeles Landfill (or other
transfer station if after the closure of the Port Angeles Landfill), or
~ construction of a transfer station in Neah Bay to haul material to a disposal or waste export
facility inside or outside of the County.
Additional transfer stations or modifications to existing transfer stations will be necessary to
implement a waste export system (see Chapter 5).
An alternative to the free recycling now offered at the transfer stations would be a user-pay
system for some or all recyclables. Not all of the materials currently collected are sufficiently
valuable to cover the costs of preparing and transporting the materials to market, but the value of
other materials helps to make recycling in general a cost-effective activity. Should markets for
more of the materials worsen sufficiently so as to shift this balance and recycling becomes a
significant financial loss for the transfer stations, then funds would need to come from
so~ewhere to help cover the costs of this activity. Although a us~r-pay system would not be
Chapter 4: Collection and Transftr
Page 4-9
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste t.4..,.~t Plan, FiDal Draft
popular, it may be the most sensible and feasible method for generating the additional revenues
needed to keep recycling a cost~ffective activity. Other alternatives could include grant funds,
absorbing the losses (if short term), and increasing the tipping fees for garbage (with the extra
funds helping to pay for recycling).
If user fees are implemented at the transfer stations, these fees should be kept lower than fees for
garbage so that customers still have a financial incentive to recycle. In addition, a brochure or
other educational material explaining the need for user fees, plus providing some forewarning,
would be critically necessary to minimize negative public reaction.
4.3.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made for changes in the transfer system in Clallam County:
~ the Clallam County SW AC and other governmental agencies should continue to work
together to develop plans and programs, while also continuing to explore viable alternatives,
for waste transfer and related options. The County should also study the possibility of
placing additional containers at all transfer sites to collect source-separated yard wastes (see
discussion in Section 3.4.3) and to collect additional recyclable materials. One of the better
methods for determining the need for additional containers is careful observations on the
types and amounts of materials currently being disposed at the transfer stations.
~ if the Neah Bay Landfill is closed, the Makah Indian Reservation should examine the
possibility of building a transfer station.
~ beginning in mid-2000, transfer station operators should be asked to keep notes of the
materials that are disposed for a one-week period, with an emphasis on noting significant
quantities of potentially-recyclable materials (yard waste, scrap metal, textiles, etc.). These
results should be reported to the County for consideration in implementing new recycling
activities at the transfer stations (i.e., additional containers) and/or conducting additional
promotional efforts to encourage waste prevention and recycling.
~ user fees at the transfer stations for recyclable materials should be considered if the average
market price for recyclables drops so low that collection of recyclables becomes a significant
net loss for the transfer stations. User fees should not be implemented without the
concurrence of the Clallam County SWAC and County Commissioners. Furthermore, any
user fees should be announced 30 days in advance at a minimum, and a flyer or brochure
explaining the new system should be prepared and made available (both distributed at the
transfer stations and provided upon request from the private operators and County offices)
beginning at least two weeks in advance.
~ consideration should be given to closing one of the transfer stations near Forks if it proves
uneconomical to operate both.
4.3.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
There is assumed to be no direct costs for observations and reporting of materials disposed at the
transfer stations (although if this data proved to be inadequate than a waste composition study
may be necessary at significant additional cost).
Chapter 4: Collection and Transfer
Page 4-10
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaDagement Plan, Final Draft
CHAPTER 5: DISPOSAL
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The six purposes of this chapter are to:
~ review existing waste disposal activities in Clallam County.
~ identify the needs, problems, or opportunities not yet addressed by the existing disposal
facilities and programs.
~ suggest alternatives to meet the identified needs and opportunities.
~ recommend future programs or actions as appropriate to the needs and abilities of Clallam
County and the County's residents, businesses and service-providers.
~ present implementation schedules and costs for the recommended programs and facilities.
~ meet the requirements of Chapter (Ch.) 70.95 RCW.
The solid waste management activities discussed in this chapter are organized into four additional
sections based on the type of disposal method:
5.2 Incineration
5.3 In-County Landfilling
5.4 ImportfExport
5.5 Alternative Disposal Methods
5.2 INCINERATION
5.2.1 Existing Conditions
Incineration is used to reduce the weight and volume of waste requiring landfill disposal. With
an energy recovery system, it can also be a method of producing electricity and/or heat (steam).
There are currently no incinerators in Clallam County permitted for general solid waste, although
there is one incinerator that handles a specific waste stream. Two studies have been done on the
feasibility of waste-to-energy facilities in Clallam County for general solid wastes, and their
conclusions are presented below.
Special Waste Incinerators
Several hospitals previously operated incinerators in the County for the disposal of biomedical
wastes, but ceased due to the high cost of meeting stricter air quality regulations. Only the Forks
Community Hospital continues to use their incinerator for biomedical wastes. The Humane
Society in Port Angeles operated an incinerator for the disposal of dead animals, but they ceased
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-1
CIaUam County ComprdIeDsive Solid Waste ~smsapnr.nt Plan, Final Draft
using it in July 1998. The only other remaining special waste incinerator still operating in the
County is used by Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory for the disposal of fish and shellfish. As
of early 1999, Battelle had not used this incinerator for about nine months and was contemplating
shutting it down pennanently because it is less expensive to use an outside company for
cremation services. Several companies also bum wood waste for heating purposes, including
Daishowa, K-Ply, Crown Pacific and Portae. Daishowa uses Lawson Landfill for the disposal of
their ash, while the other companies primarily use the Port Angeles Landfill (see Section 7.5).
City of Forks Waste-to-Ener~v Feasibility Studv
A study prepared for the City of Forks (SCS 1988) examined the feasibility of a waste-to-energy
facility for the west end of Clallam County. This study was funded in part by the Economic
Development Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce). The major reason for conducting
the study was the imminent closure of the nearby Lake Creek Landfill. The study, completed in
1988, concluded that a waste-to-energy facility for general solid wastes would not be cost-
effective either for Forks or for the west end of Clallam County. The study also concluded that a
pile bumerllumber dry kiln might be cost-effective for disposal of wood waste only.
City of Port Angeles Waste-ta-Energy Feasibility Study
A study prepared for the City of Port Angeles (Beck 1988) analyzed a variety of options for
waste-to-energy facilities. It concluded that costs would range from $63.18 per ton to $129.42
per ton (1988 dollars, levelized costs for a period of twenty years). The least expensive option
assumed sale of steam to Daishowa America, a matching grant from the Washington Department
of Ecology (Ecology) for 50 percent of the capital costs, and some form of flow control. Flow
control (no longer an option legally) would be necessary to ensure a steady supply of waste to the
incinerator, and waste would need to come from an area larger than the city's boundaries. The
study recommended that the City and County work together to develop a solid waste management
plan that would provide the framework for further exploration of a waste-to~mergy facility.
Existing Incinerators in Other Areas
A number of incinerators have operated in other parts of the state. Spokane County and the City
of Spokane jointly operate an incinerator using mass bum technology. This facility is functioning
well although it has experienced occasional problems with air quality and other issues, and the
cost of operation has not dropped to the lower levels of earlier projections. As a result, the
Spokane area has one of the highest disposal costs in the state. The City of Tacoma was
incinerating part of their garbage until early 1998, using a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) process to
prepare it for incineration and energy recovery at a local power plant. This process was stopped
due to high operating costs and other problems, Incinerators in Skagit and Whatcom Counties
also experienced problems, and both of these incinerators are now closed.
5.2.2 Needs and Opportunities
While there is a need for disposal of solid wastes now and in the future, these needs are currently
being met adequately by the Port Angeles Landfill. The landfill is expected to operate until
December 31, 2006, but when it closes it is highly unlikely that the cost of incineration could
compete with other disposal alternatives such as waste export. The two most recent studies of
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-2
CIa1lam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
incineration in Clallam County (now ten years old) concluded that the cost of incineration is
considerably higher than landfill disposal, Furthennore, the cost projected by one study (Beck
1988) would be considerably higher now due to adjustments for ten years of inflation and because
large grants for capital equipment from Ecology and flow control are no longer available.
The feasibility of energy recovery may be better for landfill gas. The presence of recoverable
amounts of landfill gas presents both a need and an opportunity. There is a need to collect and
control landfill gas to prevent it from migrating off-site (and possibly causing explosion hazards
and odor problems). Collection of this gas at the landfill also provides an opportunity to recover
energy. Incineration with energy recovery would be more viable if the cost of energy increases
but at this time insufficient amounts of gas are being produced to maintain a viable energy
recovery program.
5.2.3 Alternative Methods
Incineration of solid waste is an effective method of volume reduction, although the greater
expense of incineration compared to landfilling is a limiting factor. Incineration is generally
considered where there are environmental concerns with other disposal options, a lack of suitable
land (including a high groundwater table that prevents siting a landfill), a market exists for energy
recovered from waste combustion, and/or where population densities are high and land is scarce.
At the present time, there appear to be no factors that would strongly favor incineration in
Clallam County over other disposal methods.
The Port Angeles Landfill is currently using a flare system to bum off landfill gas. There is not
sufficient gas being generated to bum the flare continuously or to support an alternative method
of dealing with it (such as energy recovery),
5.2.4 Recommendations
There are three recommendations being made for incineration:
~ current incineration activities should be allowed to continue as long as the operations
continue to meet all applicable local, state and federal regulations. Any proposed future
expansions of current activities deserve the scrutiny of the SW AC (as a policy-making body)
in addition to regulatory oversight by the interested agencies.
~ new incineration projects may be proposed in the future for select waste streams and/or
locations. These should be evaluated based on an objective review of the potential impacts to
human health and environmental quality, as well as a comparison to alternative disposal
methods.
~ energy recovery from landfill gas could be considered in the future if and when this becomes
economically feasible.
5.2.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
The potential value of incineration should be reassessed in all future revisions of this
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP).
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-3
CIallam County Comprebcnsive Solid Wasac Management Plan, Final Draft
5.3 IN-COUNTY LANDFILLING
5.3.1 Existing Conditions
Three disposal sites are currently operating in Clallam County: the Port Angeles Landfill, the
Neah Bay Landfill, and a limited purpose landfill (Lawson Landfill near Port Angeles). Other
sites are closed or engaged in closure and post-closure activities (see Table 5.1).
Current standards for disposal sites are primarily contained in the State's Minimum Functional
Standards, Chapter] 73-35 ] WAC. Chapter] 73-35] contains standards for planning, siting,
operations and closure of landfills. Standards are also contained in the County Solid Waste
Regulations.
The two solid waste landfills are described below. The limited purpose landfill, Lawson Landfill,
is discussed in Section 7.14.
City of Port Angeles Landfill
The City of Port Angeles owns and operates this disposal site, which is located within city limits.
This landfill provides disposal services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers
throughout Clallam County. The Port Angeles Landfill is currently the only disposal site in
Clallam County that is open to the general public for solid waste disposal (although there are also
transfer stations that accept waste from the general public).
Prior to 1979, the landfill was operated by private contract. The City elected not to renew the
contract and began operations with its own staff and equipment purchased with grant assistance
from Ecology (Referendum 26).
Current landfill equipment includes a reel Augie compost turner, container roll-offtruck and
containers, refuse compactor, front end loader, 10 cubic yard dump truck, and a D-7H Caterpillar
dozer, scales, and a portable leachate pump. If required, backup equipment is rented from other
city departments or private companies. Landfill operations personnel include a supervisor,
maintenance person/weigh scale operator, four equipment operators, various part-time assistants,
and a wildlife specialist provided through a contract with the USDA.
The landfill is open six days per week, except holidays, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m, Disposal
fees (as ofmid-1998) are $76.80 per ton, $63.00 perton for contracted haulers, and $198.00 per
ton for materials that require special handling (such as asbestos). Currently (as of early 2000),
Port Angeles has disposal contracts with two entities: the City of Sequim and Olympic Disposal.
These contracts, which specify disposal rates and delivery conditions, are in effect until
December 2000 and can be renewed on an annual basis.
Site operations are a modified trench method. Excavated native soils, primarily sand and gravel,
are stockpiled near the trench (typically called a "cell") and used as daily cover. The current
disposal cell receives wastes from municipal and commercial collection services as well as from
self-haulers. Waste from self-haulers is deposited into large containers near the landfill's
entrance and then brought to the disposal cell by City personnel. Self-haulers arriving with brush
or other yard wastes are directed to dump it separately where these items are stockpiled for later
chipping and composting.
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-4
ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Wasle MaDagcment Plan, Filial Draft
Table 5.1. Waste Handling Facilities in Clallam County.
Facility Type Compo Operational
Site Name Operator and Tonnage Permit W/MFS I Status
_ _ Q~!l_ ~tt-=~; _ _ _ . . . .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .. . - - -. . . . . . . . - - - - - - . - - - - . - . - . - - - - - -. . . - . . - .. . . . - - . - - - - . . . . . .' . - . . - . . - - . - . . - . .. . - . . - - - - - - . '
Blue Mtn. Transfer D. M. Disposal Transfer station, Approved Yes Operating
_.. _ ~~_<?!11.~.<?~ ~g~l~~. n _ __.. _ _ ___.._ _. _~_ ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ .~E ~~~_~. u. _.. _ _ u ~?_~~. __ _ n _.. _. - - - _._ _. _. - __u ___ u - - -..
Clallam Co. Biosolids Clallam County Biosolids Approved Yes Operating
, __ _ ~!!F?~!i_C?!1_ ~~c.>j~~t. _ _.. _.. _ _ _ _~~ .I?e.PL. _. _ _ _~P.P!i_~~C?~ .sj!~.s.... ....! ?~9. - _____ _.. - u - - - ___. - - - - u u__ - -.- -.
Lake Creek Transfer D. M. Disposal Transfer station, Approved Yes Operating
.___~~C?~.1f_C?~~____._____.__________..________._____.___~~~~~.:___._____._~?_~9.______.___..__.__...__.______-----.
Lawson Landfill, Port Daishowa Limited purpose Approved Yes Operating
____~g~l~~_..__...______._____._.__~~!!~______________!~~~~_____._____.!?_~~__._.___.._.________.___.....______.
Neah Bay Landfill, Makah Tribal Solid waste NA No Operating
____~~_~~__________.____________~C?~~!!__________.___~_~IJ_______________._____..______...___________________--,
Port Angeles Landfill, City of Port Solid waste Approved Yes Operating
,_ _ _R~~.~gl?!~~ ___ u __.. _ __ _ __. ___l~~g~!~ __ u _._._ _ _ u '!~~l)_. -- -- - - - - -- .!?_~9u.... un. -- -3'--. - -- -. ----- -- - - ---,
Composting Site, Port City of Port Composting site Approved NA Not
.. _. ~g~.l~ ~@!l. _ _ _. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _~g.~~~ _._. _. _ _.. .__~~ J~@!!.._. _.._._ _ _ _ _.. _ __ _ __ _ .__ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _._ ~p-~~g _ _.
Forks Biosolids City of Forks Biosolids Approved Yes Operating
. _ _ _ ~!!~~c.>!': ~!c.>j~~_.. ._. _.. _.._ .______. _.______.. _~.Pg~!~~ _s_i!~.__. _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ __. __.. _. ..___ ___ --- ------- .--.. --.
Fields/Shotwell Site, Fields/Shotwell Treatment site for Approved NA Operating
._--~~~-~g~!~~_._--------_.__._---------------------------~-~-~-~---_._----~~-~~~~~---_.__._-----_._-------------.-,
Eclipse Concrete John Shotwell Concrete Approved NA Operating
Recycling, Port recycling facility, 1997
.__.~g~)~~-----_._-_.._--_._-------_.__.__._----_._------~~-~~~~_:_-----_.__._.__._---_._-----_._--_._-_.__.-.--....-.
Closed Sites:
'---<:~.i3a;;1r~fe~..'-'.--..()i~ic-.-."---if~jfer~o~:--'-.ii~iied.-----..~~-----..-.-<:IC;S~---.'
_.__~~_C?~.~~~.~~y________._!?~~~~_._______~~_~~_!~).?~~----..------...----..-----------.....-!?~~.-..-.
Rayonier M Street Rayonier Wood waste Post- Yes In post-
._._~@!~_~c.>!!_~g~l~~_.__._.___.________.____________~~l)...._._.____~t<?~~_~~____....____.________~l~~~~._..
Mt. Pleasant Landfill, Rayonier Limited purpose Expired Yes Closed
Port Angeles landfill, 15,000
tons in 1990
- u - Lake -Creek LaiidfiiC - - u -ciaiiani countY --.-.. -Soiid waste - - - -.. - - - -PoSi~' --. n --. Yes-..- - -. -- -dosed u.,
. ___ fc.>!~ _ __ ____ __. u u _ _. __. u U _ .~~ .I?e.P!: _ n n _ _.. _ _ _ !~Mi.l) _... _ _ _. ___~I~~~ - __ - u.._ - - - - _. __.. - __.! ?~? - U -,
M&R, Port Angeles Merrill and Ring Wood waste Post- Yes Closed
landfill closure 1989
Notes:
Information for this table was provided by Andy Brastad, Clallarn County Department of Commtmity Development
I. Compo w/MFS = "Complies with Minimum Functional Standards",
2. Figure shown is 1998 tonnage.
3. NA = Not Applicable.
4. PCS = Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-5
CIaUam County Comprebensive Solid Waste M~g~t Plan, Filial DIaft
In addition to disposal, a recycling program is conducted at the landfill site. White goods (large.
appliances), scrap metal, yard waste, aluminum and tin cans, glass bottles, plastic bottles (#I's
and #2's only), mixed waste paper, cardboard, newsprint, catalogs, magazines, used oil,
antifreeze, and car and truck batteries are collected for recycling.
Proximity to the Port Angeles Airport presents a problem for the continued operation of the Port
Angeles Landfill. Current state regulations require separation distances of 5,000 to 10,000 feet
between airports and landfills or the landfill's operator is required to demonstrate that there is no
risk of hazards to airplanes from birds. A wildlife management plan has been implemented by
the City to minimize or eliminate bird hazards, and it is expected that the landfill will be allowed
to continue to operate through the life of the current cell (through 2006). Future expansions of
the landfill are not being considered, due in no small part to the fact that future expansions would
bring landfill operations even closer to the airport.
Operation of the Port Angeles Landfill until December 31,2006 will provide sufficient time to
collect adequate funds for closure and post~losure activities. Reserve accounts for closure and
post~losure costs have been established and are being funded by a portion of the landfill tipping
fee. Revenues of $609,513 and $392,413 have been budgeted for the closure and post~losure
funds, respectively, through the year 2003. After 2003, these funds will be placed in a reserve
account to be used for future facilities or other purposes.
Neah Bay Landfill
This disposal site is located on the Makah Indian Reservation at Neah Bay. Much of the waste
deposited at this site is burned to reduce its vol~me. The facility is under jurisdiction of the
Makab Tribal Council and technically not the responsibility of Clallam County. The Neah Bay
Landfill is currently receiving about 1,100 tons per year of solid waste.
The Makah Tribal Council commissioned the preparation of a comprehensive solid waste
management plan in 1982 to develop overall solid waste management strategies for the entire
reservation including the existing disposal site. This plan was completed in 1983 and was
approved by the Tribal Council and Ecology (pSR 1983). The Makah Plan recommended closure
of the Neah Bay Landfill and construction of a transfer station to haul to the nearest permitted
disposal facility, but funding for these changes has been a problem. Recently, however, plans
have been initiated for the eventual closure of the landfill.
5.3.2 Needs and Opportunities
Alternatives will be needed in the future when the two solid waste landfills are closed.
The possible closure of the Neah Bay Landfill has been discussed for years. Since this landfill
does not meet current environmental standards, this activity should be made a high priority. This
landfill, however, and the Makah reservation in general, is not within the jurisdiction of the
county or state.
Continued operation of the Port Angles Landfill is desirable for several reasons, but an important
benefit of this approach is that it will allow the orderly development of an alternative disposal
method. This approach also capitalizes on the investment that has been made in the existing
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-6
Cla11am CoUDly Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
disposal system, and operation of the landfill for a few more years is necessary to allow the City
of Port Angeles to accumulate adequate funds for closure and post-closure activities.
Neighboring counties (Jefferson and Kitsap) are currently examining their waste disposal systems
also, and there may be an opportunity to implement a regional disposal system involving Clallam
and one or both of these counties. One of the more feasible opportunities may be the use ofa
north-south route to handle the waste generated in the west ends of both Clallam and Jefferson
Counties. The west ends of these two counties are not easily (or cheaply) served by the main
disposal systems of the two counties, due to the transportation barrier presented by the Olympic
Mountains. Another possibility is presented by the proposed construction of a railhead in
Bremerton, which would then be the closest option for waste exported from most of Clallam
County,
5.3.3 Alternative Methods
When the Port Angeles Landfill is closed. another disposal option will be necessary to serve the
County's needs. Solid waste disposal options include a new landfill; one or more transfer stations
(for waste export); incineration or alternative disposal technologies; increased composting,
recycling and waste prevention; and alternative methods of administering these programs (such as
disposal districts). Most of these ideas are discussed in other chapters or, in the case of
incineration and waste export, in other sections of this chapter,
Constructing a new in-county landfill to replace the Port Angeles Landfill is not a feasible
alternative. A review of just a few of the factors which limit the siting of new landfills, such as
land ownership, slope, rainfall and proximity to sensitive areas (such as homes and airports),
demonstrates that siting a new landfill in Clallam County would be enormously difficult.
Port Angeles Landfill
If the Port Angeles Landfill is forced to close before reaching the full capacity of the current cell,
there are a number of possible options for making use of the excess available capacity. Potential
options for the excess capacity include:
~ the Port Angeles Landfill could become a temporary regional landfill by accepting waste
from neighboring counties. This approach could be taken as part of a regional solution or as
the first step in forming a regional body that addresses other programs (such as recycling or
waste export).
~ the excess capacity could be sold to Daishowa America or other local generators of wood or
special wastes, thus extending the life of the Lawson Landfill or other disposal sites currently
used for these wastes. This option would probably require that the capacity be provided at a
discounted rate to these generators so that it is comparable to the cost of using their own sites.
~ the excess capacity could be used to provide a more secure disposal site for wastes currently
deposited in old landfills, although the cost of moving waste from one landfill to another
would be prohibitive without a grant or other subsidy from Ecology, EPA or others.
~ the capacity could be preserved to provide backup capabilities for waste export systems used
by Clallam County and/or neighboring counties for use during times of export service
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
disruptions. This idea raises several serious questions about the costs and feasibility of an
"interim closure" and later re-opening of the landfill, and more cost-effective backup capacity
for the waste export system can possibly be provided by other means.
Continued use of the Port Angeles Landfill as a disposal site for construction and demolition
wastes or other inert waste streams is also an alternative. This could be a desirable option if the
County begins exporting waste to a regional landfill (as recommended in the next section) and if
this option can be implemented cost-effectively. Construction and demolition wastes could
potentially be handled in a less expensive manner than other solid wastes, due to the less-stringent
requirements for landfilling of this material, but whether it would be cost-effective to continue
operating the Port Angeles Landfill to handle this material depends on the design requirements to
convert the landfill and on its remaining capacity.
Neah Bay Landfill
Possible alternatives to the Neah Bay Landfill might include upgrading the existing landfill,
development of a new landfill, and replacement of the existing landfill with a transfer system to
deliver waste to another disposal facility. The second option, development of a new landfill, is
not considered to be a feasible option. The cost to develop and operate a new sanitary landfill on
the west end, for the Makahs and/or other generators, would be much more expensive than other
disposal options due to the small waste volumes involved and the high amount of fixed expenses
associated with a properly-designed landfill. Upgrading the existing landfill would reduce the
environmental impacts being caused by the current operation, but to bring the existing landfill up
to current standards would also be very expensive.
The construction and operation of a transfer station to deliver the waste to the Port Angeles
Landfill or to a waste export transfer site would be expensive, too, but is likely the 1110st cost-
effective option, In addition, the construction of a transfer station would pose several other
advantages such as minimization of risk and environmental problems, Additional expenses
would be incurred to properly close the existing landfill, if a transfer station is constructed to
serve the disposal needs in the Neah Bay area. The Makah Tribe has recently begun a more
thorough study of their disposal alternatives. The results of this study will be used to determine
their future disposal system.
Other Landfills
Limited-purpose landfills, such as wood waste or inert landfills for other materials, have
occasionally been operated in Clallam County and will possibly be proposed again in the future to
handle wastes from specific companies or other sources, This type oflandfill typically provides a
cost-effective disposal option for local industries without excessive environmental impacts,
5.3.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made for the disposal system in Clallam County:
~ by October 2002, the process should begin for developing an alternative disposal system
based on waste export (see the next section). The target date for implementing waste export
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CIaUam County Compreheosive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
should be September 2006, to allow some overlap in disposal capabilities. This date may
need to be modified as 2006 draws nearer and a more precise estimate of remaining capacity
(or future plans for the landfill) can be made.
~ disposal facilities should be operated as an enterprise fund, and wherever possible a cost~f-
service approach should be used for setting rates.
~ the closure of the Neah Bay Landfill should be encouraged and supported once an acceptable
disposal alternative is developed. Although the waste tonnages generated on the Makah
reservation can probably be accommodated by one of the two transfer stations near Forks or
the Port Angeles Landfill. this will need to be verified and negotiated beforehand. Once
closed, the Neah Bay Landfill site will require remedial actions to prevent or reduce future
environmental problems.
~ proposals and options to develop special-purpose landfills, such as wood waste or
construction and demolition waste landfills, should be considered as they are proposed.
~ contingent on regulatory conditions and the availability of capacity, the use of the Port
Angeles Landfill after its official closure on December 31, 2006 should be considered for
construction, demolition and other inert wastes.
5.3.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
See next section (especially Figure 5.1 and Table 5.2).
5.4 IMPORTIEXPORT
5.4.1 Existing Conditions
Existing Waste Import Activities
In August 1998, the Port Angeles Landfill began receiving Jefferson County's waste under a six-
month contract. This arrangement allowed Jefferson County sufficient time to collect new bids
for waste export. The annual tonnage generated in Jefferson County is about 13,000 tons per
year, so this contract resulted in approximately 6,000 additional tons of waste delivered to the
Port Angeles Landfill. For the City of Port Angeles, this contract provided additional revenues
from the landfill operation and helped to provide funds for closure and post-closure accounts.
Existing Waste Export Activities
Many counties have adopted waste export because of its lower cost and greater reliability. These
counties found it to be very difficult and prohibitively expensive to site new local landfills due to
public opposition and due to new federal and state regulations that instituted additional
requirements for environmentally sound design, operation and closure of solid waste landfills.
Private companies responded to this difficulty by developing large landf1lls capable of handling
wastes from several counties. For many counties, these landfills provide a less expensive and
more convenient means of disposal. than an in-county landfill.
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CIaUam County CompreheDsive Solid Waste ~SlnAgement Plan, Final Draft
Exporting solid waste to disposal sites outside of the County began in November 1998 with the
export of waste by W est Waste & Recycling. Previously, waste export had not been used for
Clallam County wastes, except for small quantities of special wastes (such as biomedical waste)
that are sent to special facilities. The availability of the Port Angeles Landfill had avoided the
need for this approach in Clallarn County.
5.4.2 Needs and Opportunities
Waste Import Needs and Opportunities
Importing waste to the Port Angeles Landfill can increase the economies of scale associated with
operating the landfill. This would reduce the per-ton cost of waste disposal at the Port Angeles
Landfill, thus resulting in a financial benefit to the residents of Clallarn County and/or providing
additional funds for closure and post-closure activities. These benefits must be balanced against
the need to preserve landfill capacity for City and County requirements.
Waste Export Needs and Opportunities
Since building a new in-county landfill is expected to be very difficult and other disposal options
are more expensive and problematic, waste export is anticipated to be the best alternative disposal
method when the Port Angeles Landfill closes. Finding a new site for a landfill in Cla11arn
County would be very difficult due to the limited land space that has acceptable slope and other
characteristics (see Chapter 2). The high amount of rainfall and prevalence of surface water
bodies (especially rivers and creeks) further excludes most areas on the west side of the county.
The east side is drier, but also more populated and more valuable for housing and related
activities.
5.4.3 Alternative Methods
Waste Import Alternatives
If the Port Angeles Landfill is forced to close before reaching full capacity, there are a number of
possible options for making use of the excess available capacity. One of these options is the
temporary use of the landfill as a regional facility serving neighboring counties.
Waste Export Alternatives
Waste export is a system of shipping wastes to a large regional landfill. The three regional
landfills used by communities in the Pacific Northwest are located in areas that reduce operating
expenses due to low precipitation, favorable soils and hydrogeological conditions, and other
factors. The use of these facilities by large communities (Seattle, Snohomish County and
Portland, Oregon) has further reduced the disposal cost at regional landfills by creating significant
economies of scale. Although transportation costs to send waste to these landfills from Clallarn
County is significant, the low disposal cost makes this option cost-competitive with other
disposal options. The Solid Waste Disposal Feasibility Study conducted for the City of Port
Angeles (pararnetrix 1993) concluded that waste export would be less expensive than the other
disposal options evaluated, including the continued use of the Port Angeles Landfill.
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ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
The potential benefits associated with waste export include:
~ solid waste disposal becomes largely a variable cost, thus making it easier to realize savings
associated with waste prevention and recycling.
~ additional cost savings occur due to a reduced regulatory burden.
~ significant reductions in long-term liability and environmental risks are possible, although
jurisdictions using a large regional landfill, in combination with other jurisdictions and
private companies, may be liable for future environmental damage under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Possible negative impacts associated with exporting to a regional landfill include:
~ supporting a monopolization of solid waste services.
~ wlnerabilities associated with high import fees instituted by host communities, transportation
disruptions, or natural disasters.
~ lack of control over regional landfill operations.
~ service disruptions can occur if any element of the export system becomes inoperable, and
this disruption could become a public health emergency in a short period of time.
There are three components required for a waste export system:
I. a regional landfill willing and able to receive the County's waste at a cost-competitive rate.
2. a transfer system that has the capability to place waste into containers that can be
transported to the regional landfill.
3. a reliable waste transportation system capable of moving waste from Clallam County to the
regional landfill.
Options for each of these three components are discussed below.
TraDsfer System Options
There are several options for Clallam County for transfer systems, including:
~ all waste could be brought to two transfer stations, to a single facility, or to three or more
stations.
~ existing stations could be modified or new transfer stations could be built.
~ transfer stations could be privately or publicly owned and/or operated.
~ a regional system could be developed by combining efforts with neighboring counties.
Further study and discussion will be needed to fully address these options.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
A factor that is common to all of these transfer system options is the need to compact waste into
export containers. Simply dumping waste into containers (such as is currently being done at the
two County-owned transfer stations) typically does not result in adequate load weights for waste
export purposes, Some type of compaction will be necessary, and the cost of compaction
equipment can be a significant factor in choices such as whether to have one or more transfer
stations, modifying an existing facility or building a new facility, and other decisions,
Additional common considerations are the need for financing of construction costs and the
possible need for flow controL Flow control may be needed to support financing of significant
capital expenditures (such as construction of a new transfer station), but requirements for flow
control purposes are generally no longer permissible due to a federal decision that this constitutes
an interference with interstate commerce. Controlling the flow of wastes can be effectively
accomplished through other means, however, such as competitive disposal fees, long-tenn
contractual arrangements and permitting restrictions. In the latter case, denial of a permit for a
new transfer station could effectively prevent other transfer and disposal options from being
implemented in a cost-effective manner.
The options for a waste export transfer system are briefly addressed below.
Number of Transfer Stations: The cost and effectiveness ofa waste export system is impacted by
economies of scale, although not to the same degree as other disposal options. For waste export,
typically only one of the components (the in~unty transfer facility) experiences significant
economies of scale, This component may require a substantial financial commitment for
construction and operation, however, and so the economies associated with having one central
facility must be balanced against other considerations such as transportation costs. In the case of
Clallam County, part of this analysis has essentially already been conducted and it has led to the
implementation of a waste export system for the west end of the County. This leaves the central
and eastern parts of the County to be addressed here.
The idea of more than one transfer station to serve the Port Angeles/Sequim area merits some
consideration. Although probably not justifiable from a cost standpoint, having two transfer
station in this part of Clallam County may provide several advantages. The possible advantages
of two transfer stations in this area include providing backup capacity should one transfer station
become temporarily inoperable, reducing truck traffic on the busy stretch of Highway 101
between Port Angeles and Sequim, and providing a competitive environment for disposal
services, These advantages do not impact waste handling costs for the west end of the County.
The idea that waste export provides a cost-effective alternative for the west end of Clallam
County has led to questions about the west end of Jefferson County also. Waste exported from
the west of Clallam County is currently being transported south, through the west end of Jefferson
County, while waste from that part of Jefferson County is being transported east to that county's
disposal facility near Port Townsend. There is a growing interest in a combined route serving the
western parts of both counties (typically referred to as ''the north-south corridor"), although this
would require the cooperation of both counties and two or more waste collection companies.
Modifications to an Existing Transfer Station versus Construction of a New Facility: There are
two existing transfer stations in Clallam County, but one of these (Lake Creek Transfer Station) is
not in a central location and so would not serve as a good choice for a future waste export system
for the entire County. It does, however, serve adequately as a site for exporting waste from the
west end of the County. The other existing transfer station is the Blue Mountain Transfer Station,
which is currently owned by Clallam County (but on land leased from the DNR) and operated by
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
a private company (D. M. Disposal). Hence, the issue of whether to modify an existing transfer
station or to build a new station quickly becomes a question as to public versus private ownership
of this component of the waste export system.
Constructing a new transfer station for waste export purposes could be accomplished at existing
solid waste facilities (the Port Angeles Landfill or Blue Mountain Transfer Station) or at a new
site altogether, and so this option does not dictate an immediate decision on private vs. public
ownership. The cost of a new transfer station will depend on many factors, not the least of which
are the cost ofland (if a new site is chosen), site modifications required, the cost of permitting
(again depending on whether a new or existing site is used) and the anticipated volumes (i.e"
whether all of the County's waste stream will be handled through a single facility). For planning
purposes, however, the cost of a new transfer station can be assumed to be about $1,000,000.
The Blue Mountain Transfer Station could be used immediately as a waste export facility,
although the current design would not allow this activity to be conducted in the most cost-
effective manner. At a minimum, this transfer station would require a IalUckle-boom crane for
packing waste into waste export containers. The transfer station would also need to be modified
to handle larger containers (40 to 48-foot trailers are standard for waste export purposes), but it
can currently handle smaller containers that could be hauled in tandem (thus achieving
economical load weights). The largest containers that the Blue Mountain Transfer Station can
currently handle are 53 cubic yards in size. This expansion in the transfer station's operation will
require that nearby residents (and other regular users of Blue Mountain Road) be given prior
notification, and may also require permit revisions and a SEP A checklist.
Public versus Private Ownership and/or Operation: There are several potential advantages and
disadvantages to either private or public ownership of the waste export transfer system. Some
feel that private companies operate in a more competitive environment and so are more effective
at finding ways to reduce costs. On the other hand, some fear the creation of a monopoly when
that monopoly is placed into the hands of a business that is, by its very nature, motivated to seek
more profits. Finally, public agencies are not immune from having their own agendas, and shifts
in the political climate that guides public agencies can also cause serious problems.
It is expected that the final recommendation for a waste export system for Clallam County will
not rest primarily on the issue of private versus public ownership. Instead, this factor should be
considered only after more critical issues such as costs have been examined.
Transportation Methods
Possible transportation methods to remove waste from Clallam County include shipment by
truck, barge, or rail. The two county-owned transfer stations are currently designed for transfer
trailers that could possibly be used for shipments by truck, barge or train, although a higher
compaction ratio would be more cost-effective for all transportation methods.
A waste export system may actually employ two or more transportation methods, generally by
loading waste into large containers that are first hauled by truck to a train or barge loading
facility. The facility to place these containers on a train or barge would not have to be located in
the county, but any such loading facilities should probably be located in the same general
direction as the eventual disposal site (so that shipping costs are not incurred to move containers
of waste back and forth unnecessarily). In Clallam County's case, this means moving the waste
east, south or southeast.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final DIaft
Potential issues related to all three transportation methods include odor, noise, accidents and
spills. Odors are possible if the waste is stored for a length of time, either at a loading facility or
if the shipment is delayed in transit. Noise is a possible problem also, although all of the modes
of transportation would likely be using established routes where the noise problems would have
already been addressed. Accidents and other problems that may cause spills could also occur
with any of the three transportation methods, with the severity of these problems depending upon
the location and amount of waste spilled. Specific details for each of the three transportation
methods are reviewed in greater detail below:
Truck Transport: The transport of solid waste by truck typically involves the use of tractor
trailers hauling compacted solid waste in sealed containers. Truck transport is generally most
cost-effective for distances less than 100 miles, although in the case of Clallam County other
considerations, such as the availability of existing facilities and roadways, may extend this
distance. Potential problems associated with truck transport include increased wear on roadways
and increased truck traffic along the route,
Rail Transport: Rail transport is very cost-effective for transporting waste longer distances,
although it also requires a loading facility that can place waste containers onto a train. There are
no railroad tracks in Clallam County, however, so as many communities are currently doing the
containers of waste would need to be transported by truck initially and then placed on a train.
The nearest railheads are in Shelton, Hoquiam and Tacoma, although there also is a proposed
railhead that might be built in Bremerton. Potential impacts associated with the transport of solid
waste by rail include derailment and large spills, congestion created at road crossings, and
shortages of rail cars or locomotives causing bottlenecks and delays.
Barge Transport: A single barge may hold as many as 42 containers, resulting in a total shipment
of approximately 1,200 tons of solid waste. It would take up to two weeks to accumulate this
much in Clallam County, but waste containers could be mixed with other materials for more
timely shipments. Barge transport requires the use of a loading and unloading dock, as well as
the need for truck transport at either end of the trip. Transportation backup systems may be
necessary during periodic maintenance of river locks. Accidents and spills could cause the
release of a large amount of waste that would be difficult to recover and clean up, but few other
potential problems exist with this mode of transportation.
Rel!:ional Landfills
Three regional landfills currently serve various communities in the Pacific Northwest. In
developing these landfills, private companies chose suitable sites that are isolated from urban
development and located in areas that inherently provide for environmental protection (i.e., low
precipitation and other factors). All three of these landfills are accessible by rail, barge, and
truck. Specific details of each of these landfills are provided below:
Columbia Ridge Landfill and Recycling Center: Located in Gilliam County, Oregon, this landfill
is owned and operated by Waste Management. This landfill is located on 2,000 acres of former
rangeland and receives an average of 9 inches of precipitation each year. The landfill has an
estimated capacity of 60 million tons, with additional acreage available for expansions. The
landfill currently receives solid waste from several cities including Portland and Seattle.
Finley Buttes Landfill: Located 13 miles southeast of Boardman in Morrow County, Oregon, this
landfill was purchased by Waste Connections in February 1999. This landfill is located on 1,200
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ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
acres of rangeland and receives about 9 inches of precipitation a year. The landfill has an
estimated capacity of 40 million tons, or about 200 years of capacity at the current waste flow,
The landfill currently receives waste from Clark County, Washington and Morrow County,
Oregon.
Roosevelt Regional Landfill: Located in Klickitat County, about 5 miles northeast of Roosevelt,
Washington, this landfill is owned and operated by Regional Disposal Company (which was
recently purchased by Allied Waste Industries). This landfill is on 2,005 acres. of which only a
portion will be developed for landfill purposes. The landfill is located in an arid region receiving
about 10 inches of precipitation a year. Snohomish County and several other communities have
contracts with Regional Disposal Company to haul and dispose of their solid waste.
Current Cost of Disposal by Waste Export
Two bids were received by Jefferson County in September 1998 for their waste export system.
These bids are discussed here to illustrate current costs for this disposal option and possible
methods for waste export. The cost figures shown for both of the bids are for "acceptable waste",
and higher costs would be charged for asbestos-containing waste. Both of the bids are 1999 costs
and would be adjusted annually for inflation. Neither bid proposed penalties for light loads (as is
sometimes done for waste export services), but of course if loads were too heavy this could be a
problem due to road weight limits and other considerations.
Regional Disposal Company (RDO!Murrey's Disposal: The bid from this group was $25.33 per
ton for transportation and $18.96 per ton for disposal, or $44,29 per ton total. Like most
proposals of this nature, RDC proposed to provide the trailers, chassis, rigs, and labor for hauling
away the waste and putting it on a train, while Jefferson County would still be responsible for
operating the transfer station itself. Waste would be transported by truck to a rail-loading facility
in Tacoma and then shipped to RDC's landfill in Klickitat County, Washington.
Waste Management: The bid from Waste Management was $26.72 per ton for transportation and
$18.53 per ton for disposal, or $45.25 per ton total. As with the other bid, Waste Management
would provide the equipment and labor for hauling away the waste and putting it on a train while
Jefferson County would be responsible for operating the transfer station. Waste would be
transported by truck to the proposed rail-loading facility in Bremerton and then brought to Waste
Management's Columbia Ridge Landfill in Gilliam County, Oregon.
Previous Discussions of Waste Export Options
The SW AC has previously had lengthy discussions of waste export options for Clallam County.
Several options were identified as a result of these discussions:
Alternative L Primary Transfer Station Operated by Port Angeles: In this scenario, the City of
Port Angeles would operate the transfer station for waste export, with this facility likely located at
the current site for the Port Angeles Landfill. Two sub-options addressed delivery of west end
garbage to this transfer station (Alternative I A) or exported directly from the Lake Creek
Transfer Station (Alternative IB). A third sub-option (Alternative lC), delivery ofScquim's
waste and waste collected by Murrey's Disposal d.b.a. Olympic Disposal (Olympic Disposal) on
the east side to the Jefferson County transfer station in Port Townsend, was eliminated from
further consideration because it provided no cost savings or significant other benefits.
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Clallam County ComprebeDsive Solid Waste Management Plan, Filial Draft
Alternative 2. Two Primary Transfer Stations: In this scenario, two tIansfer stations would serve
the east end and center of the County. These stations would likely be operated by the City of Port
Angeles (again with this station probably located at the Port Angeles Landfill site) and Olympic
Disposal or other private contractor (with this transfer station probably located at the Blue
Mountain Transfer Station or a site further east). Two sub~ptions again addressed delivery of
west end garbage to the Port Angeles transfer station (Alternative 2A) or exported directly from
the Lake Creek Transfer Station (Alternative 2B). Additional sulH>ptions were examined for the
delivery of Sequim's waste to the Port Angeles transfer station (instead of the closer privately-
operated transfer station) or to Jefferson County transfer station in Port Townsend.
Alternative 3. EastlWest Division: The primary assumption of this scenario would be to accept a
dual export system serving the east and west ends of the County, In this scenario, the waste
collected by West Waste (from the City of Forks and from accounts in their ftanchise area in the
unincorporated part of the County) and additional self-haul amounts brought to the Lake Creek
Transfer Station would be directly exported from that or a new transfer station. The eastern and
central cities plus waste collected by OlympiC Disposal in their franchise area would be exported
using another transfer station. The ownership and operation of the east side transfer station was
not determined, but the operator on the west side was expected to be W est Waste.
There were no conclusions as a result of these previous meetings.
Steps to be taken for Implementing Waste Export
Making the switch from an in-county landfill to a waste export system will require that a number
of activities be conducted. Several of the steps involved will take a significant amount of time to
accomplish. On the other hand.. waste export is an activity that lends itself to temporary, short-
term options better than other waste disposal options. If necessary, a temporary waste export
system (using the existing Blue Mountain Transfer Station) could be established to serve the
central and eastern parts of Clallam County, and this could be operated until a more cost-effective
long-term system is designed and implemented.
The basic steps needed to implement a waste export system include:
~ determining the lead agency.
~ determining the institutional arrangements (who will be served by the new system, whether a
regional approach will be taken with a neighboring county, and how the parties will interact).
~ determining the financial arrangements (how will funds be collected to pay for the system).
~ key parties enter into an interlocal agreement (public comment or other participation could
occur at this step and/or in other steps).
~ developing and releasing RFP's to construct or contract for components of the new system.
~ choosing the successful bidders to the RFP's, developing contracts as needed.. finalizing the
schedule for implementation of the new system.
~ permit applications and associated activities (zoning, SEPA, etc,).
~ construction of new facilities and/or modifications to existing facilities.
~ refine efforts in other areas not addressed by new system (moderate risk waste collections,
handling of other special wastes, education efforts, waste prevention and recycling programs,
etc.)
~ waste export begins.
Chapter 5: Disposal
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CIaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
This process is illustrated in Figure 5.1, with the schedule based on an assumed closure date of
December 31, 2006 for the Port Angeles Landfill. Note that the dates shown in Figure 5.1 are the
latest recommended dates for each of the steps to occur, and a more prudent approach would be to
begin immediately upon the completion and adoption of this CSWMP.
5.4.4 Recommendations
Waste Import
The City of Port Angeles may pursue waste import if necessary to make the maximum use of the
rcmaining capacity at the Port Angeles Landfill, but this should be avoided if it may cause
premature closing of the landfill. The City will report to SWAC on the status of any contract
made for waste import, but this will be for informational purposes only and the City will not need
to request review or approval of such arrangements from the SW AC before entering into waste
import agreements.
Waste E)Q)Ort
The following recommendations are made for waste export:
.. export of solid waste is the preferred alternative to meet future disposal needs. The design
and development of the waste export system (to serve the eastern and central parts of the
County) should begin no later than October 2002. Clallam County should be the lead agency
for this effort, although a separate entity or modified arrangement could be created through
interlocal agreements or other methods. Interlocal agreements are the recommended method
for the institutional arrangement for the new disposal system. Since the interlocal agreements
will determine what parts of the County will participate in the new disposal system and hence
how much waste will be managed through it, these agreements are one of the first steps in
creating the new disposal system and should be implemented no latcr than September 2003.
.. West Waste should continue their waste export activities, with a possible expansion of these
activities to serve additional west end customers who are currently shipping waste to the Port
Angeles Landfill.
.. the implementation of a "north-south corridor" to serve the western ends of both Clallam and
Jefferson Counties is recommended, but further discussions will be needed to determine its
feasibility.
.. should the Port Angeles Landfill be forced to close unexpectedly, or if a long-term
arrangement for waste export cannot be implemented before the landfill closes, then Blue
Mountain Transfer Station should be used on a temporary basis to serve the central and
eastern parts of the county.
.. any contracts with private businesses for waste export services must identify alternative
disposal plans, including alternative routes and modes of transportation, should natural
disaster or other conditions require re-routing. Any regional solid waste landfill used for
Clallam County waste must meet or exceed all MFS requirements.
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-/7
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CIalIam County Comprebensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
5.4.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
Planning for waste export must begin in earnest no later than October 2002. Initially this will
require approximately 0.5 FfE for a County staff person (or staff of another designated agency)
for the latter months of 2002, at a cost of approximately $20,000 per year for staffing and
associated expenses. Other costs have also been projected and are shown in Table 5.2.
5.5 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL METHODS
5.5.1 Existing Conditions
This section is intended to address disposal methods that are not already addressed in other
sections of this chapter. The only alternative disposal method that has been identified but not
previously addressed is pyrolysis. The term "pyrolysis" is used broadly here to include all types
of thermal oxidation methods that are not otherwise classified as incineration. Pyrolysis involves
heating waste or other materials to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The lack of
oxygen is the factor that separates pyrolysis (and other types of thermal oxidation methods) from
incineration technologies.
5.5.2 Needs and Opportunities
There is a need for disposal of solid wastes now and in the future, although these needs are
currently being met adequately by the Port Angeles Landfill.
Pyrolysis is a technology that typically lends itself better to smaller volumes of waste that cannot
be handled as cost-effectively through more traditional disposal methods due to transportation
distances or other factors.
5.5.3 Alternative Methods
In the context of this CSWMP, pyrolysis itself is considered to be an alternative disposal method.
Alternative approaches for pyrolysis include different system and equipment designs.
5.5.4 Recommendations
Alternative disposal technologies should be reviewed by the SW AC and permitting agencies as
they are proposed.
5.5.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
The potential value of pyrolysis and other alternative disposal methods should be reassessed in all
future revisions of this CSWMP.
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-/9
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagement Plan, Final DIaft
Table 5.2. Six - Year Cost Schedule for Public Facilities for Waste Export. 1
Capital Expense 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Fundin~ Source
Transfer Station for Waste Export:
Institutional County funds
A -- ements $0 $0 $5,000 $20,000 $4,000 $2,000 2 (staffimt)
Contractual County funds
.. ements $0 $0 $0 $40,000 $25,000 $2,0002 (staffing)
Facility;
Planning $0 $0 $0 $0 $40,000 $65,000 2 Interlocal funds
Land $0 to
purchase $0 $0 $0 $0 200,000 $0 Interlocal funds
Design, $20,000 - $50,000 -
permitting $0 $0 $0 $0 50,000 150,0002 Interlocal funds
$100,000 -
Construction $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 350,000 2 Interlocal funds
Notes: 1) Only new or additional expenses are shown above.
2) These expenses continue into subsequent years.
Chapter 5: Disposal
Page 5-20
Cla1lam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagement Plan, Final DIaft
CHAPTER 6: REGULA nON AND ADMINISTRA nON
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The six purposes of this chapter are to:
~ identify the regulations and agencies that currently affect solid waste management in Clallam
County.
~ identify the needs, problems, or opportunities not yet addressed by the existing system of
regulations and administration.
~ suggest alternatives to meet the identified needs and opportunities.
~ recommend future programs or actions as appropriate to the needs and abilities of Clallam
County and the County's residents, businesses and service-providers.
~ present implementation schedules and costs for the recommended programs and facilities.
~ meet the requirements of Chapter (Ch.) 70.95 of the Revised Codes of Washington (RCW).
6.2 REGULA nON AND ADMINISTRA nON
6.2.1 Existing Conditions
At the federal and state levels, the primary regulatory authorities for solid waste management are
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Washington State Department of Ecology
(Ecology) respectively. Thc Environmental Health Division of the Clallam County Community
Development Department is the responsible local authority (per RCW 70.95.160) for issuing
permits for solid waste handling operations. The minimum requirements of both the State and
federal programs must also be satisfied before a permit can be issued.
Federal Level
At the federal level, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), as amended
by the Solid Waste Disposal Act Amendments of 1980 (42 U.S.c. 6901-6987), is the primary
body of legislation dealing with solid waste. Subtitle D of RCRA deals with non-hazardous solid
waste disposal and requires the development of a state comprehensive solid waste management
program that outlines the authorities of local, state and regional agencies. Subtitle D requires that
the state program must prohibit "open dumps" and provide that all solid waste is disposed in an
environmentally-sound manner.
State Level
Thc State Solid Waste Management Act (Ch. 70.95 RCW), adopted in 1969 and last updated in
1996, provides for a comprehensive, statewide solid waste management program. Ch.70.95
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-1
11'
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste ~nwmP.II. Plan, Final DIaft
RCW assigns primary responsibility for solid waste handling to local governments, giving each
county. in cooperation with its cities. the task of setting up a coordinated county solid waste
management plan which places an emphasis on waste reduction and recycling programs. Cities
may also choose to develop their own solid waste management plans. but this approach is .
generally prohibitively expensive for a smaller jurisdiction. Only two larger cities (Seattle and
Everett) have chosen this option. Enforcement and regulatory responsibilities are assigned to
cities. counties. or jurisdictional health departments depending on the activity.
The Minimum Functional Standards for Solid Waste Handling (Ch. 173-304 WAC) were
promulgated by Ecology under the authority granted by Ch. 70.95 RCW. The Minimum
Functional Standards reflect the State's solid waste management priorities and desire to protect
the environment from adverse impacts that may be created by solid waste disposal facilities. A
separate section, Ch. 173-351. Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, contains the current
standards for landfills.
Chapter 36.58 RCW, Solid Waste Disposal, establishes the counties' rights and responsibilities
regarding solid waste management, including the authority to establish solid waste disposal
districts. The authority to establish solid waste collection districts is provided in Chapter 36.58A.
These districts can be set up to provide and fund solid waste processing, disposal and/or
collection services in the unincorporated parts of the county, and in incorporated areas with the
cities' consent.
Other relevant State legislation includes Washington's Model Litter Control and Recycling Act.
The Model Litter Control and Recycling Act (Ch. 70.93 RCW) and associated state regulations
(Ch. 173-310 WAC) generally prohibit the deposit of garbage or refuse on any property not
properly designated as a disposal site. Thcre is also a "litter fund" that has been created through a
tax levied on wholcsale and retail businesses, and the monies from this fund are being used for
education, increased littcr clean-up efforts by the State, and grants to counties for litter and illegal
dump clean-up activities.
Local Level
In Clallam County, the local governmental organizations involved in solid waste management
include the Clallam County Road Department, Clallam County Environmental Health Division,
City of Port Angeles Public Works Department, the City of Sequim Utilities Department, the City
of Forks Utilities Department, and the Tribal Councils. Each of these entities has its own special
area of operations; providing specific services to the residents within that area and enforcing
specific rules and regulations. Local rules that affect solid waste management include land use
plans and zonitig codes.
Clallam County Road Department At the county level, the Road Department is the agency
primarily responsible for solid waste management activities for Cla1lam County. The Road
Department manages the leases for the county-owned and privately operated transfer stations
(Blue Mountain and Lake Creek Transfer Stations). In addition, the Road Department Utilities
Coordinator manages the CPG funds provided by Ecology to support solid and hazardous waste
activities. Currently, the CPG are the primary source of funding for solid and hazardous waste
activities conducted by Clallam County. In the future, funding for countywide solid waste
activities may include more collection and disposal revenues. Beginning in 1998, additional
grant funds are being received from Ecology for local litter clean-up. These funds have been
used to institute a "chain gang" for cleaning up high-litter areas and a few illegal dumping sites.
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-2
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Expenditures by Clallam County for solid waste activities in 1998 amounted to $49,557. The
funds for these expenditures currently come from the County's general funds and CPO grant
monies administered by Ecology. Additional funds could also come from lease payments for the
two county-owned transfer stations. The contracts for these transfer stations are structured so that
a monthly payment equal to 5 percent of the net income is paid to Clallam County, however there
were no profits made in 1998 at either transfer station.
Clallam County Environmental Health Division: The Environmental Health Division of the
C1allam County Department of Community Development is the local enforcement agency for
County and State (Ch. 173-304 and 173-351 WAC) regulations regarding solid waste activities.
The County regulations are contained in Chapter 2 of the Clallam County Health Regulations
(CCHR). The Environmental Health Division acts on complaints of illegal dumping, and issues
permits and conducts periodic inspections of disposal facilities.
The activities of the Environmental Health Division are funded through the Division's budget, the
permit fee system, and CPO funds from Ecology. As with many other counties in the State, these
funds do not cover all of the costs of effectively supporting the mandated programs.
The permit process for disposal facilities requires an application and approval for new sites, and
an annual review and renewal for existing permits. The initial application form, developed by the
Washington Department of Ecology, requires information about the type of wastes to be
disposed, environmental conditions of the area and operating plans. Permit fees are based on the
relative risk of environmental and public health threats as a measure of the degree of regulatory
monitoring needed. Table 6.1 lists the conditions considered in calculating the permit fee, and
shows the applicable fees which are then summed up to arrive at the total amount charged for a
permit or permit renewal for a given facility. The fees shown in Table 6.1 are set by resolution of
the County Board of Commissioners.
Disposal permits are issued for landfills, transfer stations and other disposal sites. Unpermitted
and illegal sites have been a problem in the County. Private residential dumps, though not
required to obtain a permit, have created nuisancc problems in some areas. County action against
these offenses is often slow or nonexistent due to funding and personnel constraints. The County
Environmental Health Division has received State grant assistance for enforcement actions and
has become more active in dealing with these problems.
City of Port Angeles Public Works Deoartment: The Solid Waste Utility for the City of Port
Angeles operates the Port Angeles Sanitary Landfill and the City's solid waste collection system.
The Solid Waste Utility is part of the Public Works Department. The Solid Waste Utility also
oversees a limited number of commercial garbage accounts served by D. M. Disposal (for
customers within Port Angeles whose waste volume exceeds the size of containers provided by
the City), and a contract with Waste Management for curbside recycling services.
The budget for the Port Angeles Solid Waste Utility is funded by user fees collected at the landfill
and collection service fees. In 1997 total revenues amounted to $5,037,237 and total
expenditures amounted to $7,470,362. Disposal fees as of mid-l 998 are $76.80 per ton at the
landfill and $19.80 per month for residential collection.
City of Sequim Utilities Department: The Utilities Department for the City of Sequim provides
commercial and residential customers with automated refuse collection services and a sewage
treatment system within the incorporated area. Curbside recycling service is contracted out to a
priyate vendor (Waste Management). The budget for the solid waste collection service is derived
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-3
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Filial Dmft
Table 6.1. Waste Disposal Permit Feesl.
No.
Condition or Criteria
I. Groundwater Pollution Potential (major threat)
2. Groundwater Pollution Potential (minor threat)
3. Methane Migration Potential (major threat)
4. Methane Migration Potential (minor threat)
5. Surface Water Pollution (major threat)
6. Surfiu:e Water Pollution (minor threat)
7. Putrescibles Disposal Only (public use)
8. Demolition Materials Only (public use)
9. Demolition Materials Only (private use)
10. Urban-Residential Location and Accepting Putrescibles
11. Transfer Site Only
12. Recycle Storage Site
13. Wood Waste Disposal Site Only
14. Reclamation Permits
15. Short Tenn Disposal Site (one time only)
16. Sludge/Septage Utilization Permits, Application Review
17. Sludge/Septage Utilization Permits, Annual Renewal
18. Technical Assistance, Solid Waste
19. Late Fee after February 15 (compounded quarterly)
Fee 2
$10,000
1,000
2,000
200
2,000
200
800
400
100
1,000
100
100
150
100
100
500
100
$40.00Ihour
25% of base fee
Notes:
I. From Andy Brastad, Clallarn County Department of Community Development.
2. Applicable conditions should be summed up for each disposal site to arrive at the total permit fee.
from collection fees. The City's expenses in providing collection service in 1998 were $676,180
and revenues generated from this service were $861,896.
City of Forks Utilities Department: The City of Forks contracts with a private company, West
Waste & Recycling, for garbage collection services. West Waste provides garbage collection
service to the residents of Forks on an optional basis. Many residents choose to haul their own
wastes an average of seven miles to the Lake Creek Transfer Station.
Tribal Councils: Within Clallam County there are five Indian reservations, the largest of which is
the Makah Indian Reservation located at Neah Bay. The Quileute and Ozette Indian Reservations
are located on the Pacific Coast. The Lower Elwba Indian Reservation is located on the Strait of
Juan de Fuca west of Port Angeles and the Jamestown S 'Klallam Reservation is along the south
end ofSequim Bay.
The tribes exercise solid waste management authority over tribal lands within their respective
reservations. Local and state governments have limited jurisdictional authority over the
reservations or their residents in terms of solid waste planning, implementation and taxation. The
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-4
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagement Plan. Final DIaft
tribes must abide by regulations imposed by the Federal Government and outlined in the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The tribes are governed by a Tribal Councilor
Committee made up of elected members. The Councils hold regular meetings and handle all
business a.ffirirs of the tribes.
Land Use Plans: Clallam County's Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Title 31 of the County Code
(as adopted December 28, 1982 and subsequently amended), addresses general issues and goals
for each of the land use zones in the County. Solid waste management is not directly addressed
in any of the zones where its use is conditionally permitted.
The City of Port Angeles developed a Comprehensive Land Use Plan in 1976. As with the
County Plan, solid waste management is not directly addressed.
Zonin~ Codes: Another importaIIt set of rules concerning solid waste management activities is
zoning codes. In Clallam County, both the County and the City of Port Angeles have adopted
zoning codes that address solid waste disposal facilities. The Clallam County Zoning Code
(adopted December 29, 1982) classifies parcels according to permitted uses. Under Section
33.50.110 of the Clallam County Zoning Code, solid and liquid waste disposal facilities are
permitted only as conditional uses in certain specified zones. The City of Port Angeles classifies
disposal sites in Section 12 (M-2-Industrial District) of their Zoning Code, thus restricting the
location of such facilities. The zoning codes are discussed in more detail in Appendix A of this
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP).
6.2.2 Needs and Opportunities
Additional mechanisms may be needed to ensure that individual households properly manage and
dispose of their garbage. megal dumping continues to be a problem throughout the county, as
does dumping of garbage into containers in Port Angeles and Sequim. At the present, there is
little opportunity to enforce provisions for illegal dumping, littering, backyard burning and related
problems. A recently-adopted County litter ordinance (Chapter 19.20 of the County Code) is an
important step but may not be enough. Funds from the State are being used for litter prevention
education and a clean-up crew, but this is addressing only part of the problem and does not lead
to a permanent solution.
There are several needs and opportunities associated with the anticipated future changes in solid
waste disposal, including:
~ there is a need for a regional approach to solid waste disposal. The City of Port Angeles has
been serving as a regional disposal site, but there are potential risks and liabilities for the city
to perform this service without there being a clear mechanism for all those who benefit (i.e.,
all Clallam County residents) to help share this burden.
~ the anticipated move to waste export as the primary disposal method begs for a central
authority to be responsible for contracts and other activities.
~ there are opportunities for regional efforts involving the neighboring counties of Jefferson
and Kitsap. These opportunities are in disposal systems and other activities, and Clallam
County (with the City of Port Angeles for some of the events) has already been working
Jefferson County to conduct moderate-risk waste collections.
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-5
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaoagcmeDl Plan, Final DIaft
6.2.3 Alternative Methods
There are scveral options for addressing the needs and opportunities identified in the previous
paragraphs. Illegal dumping in rural areas and in waste containers in Port Angeles and Sequim
could be addressed through increased cnforcement activities and/or systems that lead to universal
garbage collection services. Increased enforcement would require additional funding for
enforcement personnel and activities, but would probably not require additional rules or
regulations (the appropriate regulations haveaIready been adopted). Additional funding for
cnforcement activities could be derived from general funds, surcharges on tipping fees, special
assessments, increased permit fees, and/or increased fines for solid waste violators.
Implementation of universal garbage collection services could be achieved in several ways. One
such method, the adoption of a mandatory garbage collection ordinance, was discussed during the
development of the previous CSWMP and proved to be very unpopular. Instead, it is probably
more acceptable and feasible to achieve universal garbage collection services as part of a system
that also addresses the need for a central regional authority. In this case, the primary alternatives
include solid waste collection and/or disposal districts, interlocal agreements, and a special
district based on Clallam County's home rule charter.
Solid Waste Districts
Chapters 36.58 and 36.58A ofRCW allow the establishment of waste disposal districts and waste
collection districts, respectively, within a county. Either district can include the incorporated
areas of a city or town only with their consent. A solid waste district (for collection or disposal)
could centralize functions that are now handled by a variety of county and city agencies, but it
may be difficult to develop a consensus on the formation and jurisdiction of either type of district.
However, either type of district may be able to alleviate illegal dumping and other problems
through the institution of mandatory garbage collection (for a collection district only) and/or
general financing programs.
RCW 36.58.040 prohibits counties from operating a solid waste collection system, but the
establishment of a solid waste collection district that can act in a similar capacity is allowed by
Ch. 36.58A RCW. Following the adoption of a solid waste management plan, a collection district
can be created which includes the unincorporated areas of a county. Incorporated areas may be
included in the collection district subject to the consent of the legislative authority of the city or
town. However, a collection district does not appear to possess taxing authority. According to
RCW 36.58A.040, the revenue-generating authority of a collection district is limited.
A solid waste disposal district is a quasi-municipal corporation with taxing authority set up to
provide and fund solid waste disposal services. A disposal district has the usual powers of a
corporation for public purposes, but it does not have the power of eminent domain. The county
legislative authority is the governing body of the solid waste district.
RCW 36.58.130 allows a disposal district to provide for all aspects of solid waste disposal. This
includes the processing and conversion of waste into useful products, but specifically excludes
authority for the collection of residential or commercial garbage. A disposal district may enter
into contracts with private or public agencies for the operation of disposal facilities, and then levy
taxes or issue bonds to cover the disposal costs. Thus, a disposal district established in Clallam
County could assess each resident or business (in incorporated areas only with the city's
approval) a pro rata share of the cost of disposal at the Port Angeles Landfill. This could help to
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-6
-
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
discourage illegal dumping by lowering the apparent cost of proper disposal. The assessment by
the disposal'district would be paid regardless of where the resident or business dumped the waste,
or whcther it was self-hauled or transportcd by a commcrcial haulcr.
RCW 36.58.140 states that a disposal district "may levy and collect an excisc tax. on the privilegc
of living in or operating a busincss in the solid waste disposal taxing district, provided that any
property which is producing commercial garbage shall be exempt if the owncr is providing
regular collection and disposal". The district has a powerful taxing authority, since it may attach
a licn to each parccl of property in the district for delinquent taxes and penalties, and these liens
are superior to all other liens and encumbrances except property taxes.
The funds obtained by a levy may be used "for all aspects of disposing of solid
wastes...exclusively for district purposes" (RCW 36.58.130). Potential uses include:
~ solid waste planning.
~ cleanup of roadside litter and solid wastes illegally disposed of on unoccupied properties
within the district.
~ public information and cducation about waste reduction and recycling.
~ defraying a portion of the present cost of disposal at the Port Angeles Landfill by district
residentslbusinesses.
~ subsidizing waste reduction/recycling activities such as composting, or increasing the types
ofrecyclables received at transfcr stations to includc tin cans, mixed waste paper, etc.
~ subsidizing household hazardous waste collection cvents to minimize thc amount of these
wastcs entcring thc landfill.
~ closure and post-closure costs for landfills and other solid waste facilitics.
Clallam County and the Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SW AC) prcviously discussed the
feasibility of a solid wastc district and in 1997 decided against taking this approach. At that timc,
it was concluded that voters would bc unlikely to approve a new tax, and that a combination of
interlocal agrecments and user fces would be a more feasible approach. Recent discussions by
the SW AC, however, have raised the possibility that a solid waste disposal district may be helpful
when the county switches to waste cxport.
Interlocal Agreements
Interlocal agreements could be used to create an agency or a mechanism for a regional approach
to solid waste disposal. This approach could have significant flexibility, and could involve some
or all ofthe entities within ClallaIJ} County and/or neighboring counties. Conditions addressed by
interlocal agreements could include many of the same elements as addressed by collection and
disposal districts, but could specifically include:
~ designating a city or county agency to act on behalf of the parties that sign the agreement.
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-7
!l ~_~......"''''h
ClalJam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
~ designating a specific facility (or facilities) as the only acceptable repositories for waste (i.e.,
effectively creating flow control).
~ creating a system for sharing risks and liabilities.
~ addressing the financial arrangements for the solid waste management system.
Soecial District based on Home Rule Charter
The fact that Clallam County is a "home rule charter county" means that the county has powers
beyond those shown in state regulations. In sununary, a home rule charter county has the ability
to implement activities that are approved by a majority vote of the residents, as long as the
proposed activity does not directly contradict or violate state regulations. In this case, for
instance, the County could create a special district with authority and abilities that differ from
collection and disposal districts.
ComDarison of a Disposal District versus an Interlocal Agreement
Table 6-2 compares the advantages of a disposal district and an interlocal agreement. The goals
and criteria chosen for evaluating these two approaches were chosen by the SW AC. As can be
seen, the performance of the two approaches is very similar for many of the criteria. A disposal
district would perform better than an interlocal agreement for financial reasons, although this
presumes that a tax could be levied on the residents and businesses of Clallam County (in reality
this may not be politically feasible). The interlocal agreement performs better where the schedule
is concerned, since it is a more straightforward process.
6.2.4 Recommendations
Interlocal agreements are the recommended approach for developing and implementing a new
disposal system, and Clallam County should be the lead agency for this process. These
agreements should address the triggers for alterations in service levels and facilities, as well as the
process of developing a new disposal system and the fmancial structures associated it.
6.2.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs
As mentioned in the previous chapter (Section 5.4), planning and development of the new
disposal system should begin no later than October 2002. The development and execution of an
interlocal agreement should be one of the first steps in this process, at a cost as previously stated
for staffing and expenses (see Section 5.4.5).
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-8
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagement Plan, Final Draft
Table 6.2. Comparison of Administrative Options.
Solid Waste
Districts 1
Creates a
res nsible
Would still need
all parties to agree
to be part of
district 2
Creates "new"
central authority
(but is essentially
the Co
Goals I Criteria
Need a replacement for the
P A Landfill
Need regional system (with
committed participation by all
or nearly all parties)
Need central authority for
future administration of new
system
Desired elements of new
system:
equity in collection
semces
equity in disposal
services and fees
financin the s stem
Need to minimize
environmental im acts
Schedule may be critical
Current Situation
No clear method
Current
arrangements are
tenuous
Lacking, may
default to County
or to private
sector
Currently lacking
Unclear 4
No clear method
Oka
Responsibility is
uncertain
Interlocal
A eements
Creates a
res nsible
Would still need all
parties to be part of
an agreement 2
County or other
agency can be
designated by
ment
Better (would be
even better with a
collection dist.) 3
Best option for
this factor
Best
Neutral 5
Process may be
lengthy and
district may not be
a roved
Neutral? 3
Good, could be
easily addressed
Better
Neutral 5
Quickly creates a
responsible agency
and terms
Notes:
"Better" mcaIlS better than the current system, "Best" denotes the best option of the three choices, and
"Neutral" mcaIlS that the a particular option does not dictate a better or worse situation (i.e., depends
on other factors or arrangements).
I. A solid waste district would probably still require the use of an interlocal agreement to define the
district's powers and responsibilities with respect to the cities (and possibly the Tribes and the
Olympic National Park).
2. Both a disposal district and interlocal agreements could create a regional system with commitment
and participation by all parties, but only to the extent that all parties (Clallam County, the three cities,
Tribes and possibly out-of-county agencies) agreed to be part of the new system.
3. Collection services cannot be directly addressed by a disposal district, but specific provisions could
be included or addressed as part of either the disposal district or inter-local agreements to encourage
more equitable collection services and sharing of costs.
4. Current disposal fees charged at the Port Angeles Landfill vary depending upon the customer and
type of waste.
5. By themselves, a disposal district or interlocal agreements would not create or reduce environmental
impacts significantly. lbis would be more of a factor for whatever disposal system and other
programs were being instituted or managed by these administrative options.
Chapter 6: Regulation and Administration
Page 6-9
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
CHAPTER 7: SPECIAL WASTES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the management and disposal of special wastes generated in Clallam
County. These wastes generally require special handling and disposal for one or more reasons,
such as potential toxicity, large quantities, or size and weight problems. Most of these wastes arc
best disposed of somewhere other than in a municipal solid waste disposal system.
The following special wastes are discussed in this chapter:
7.2 Agricultural Wastes
7.3 Animal Carcasses
7.4 Asbestos
7.5 Ash
7.6 Auto Hulks
7.7 Biomedical Wastes
7.8 Biosolids
7.9 Construction and Demolition Wastes
7.10 Contaminated Soils
7.11 Dredge Spoils
7.12 Moderate Risk Wastes
7.13 Tires
7.14 Wood Wastes
The nature and source(s) for each special waste is described in this chapter, as well as existing
programs and facilities in Clallam County for handling these wastes. All of the wastes are also
examined for needs and opportunities, but only those that pose disposal problems are then
examined further for alternatives and recommendations. Currently six wastes have been
determined to present potential problems that warrant recommendations at this time: agricultural
waste (manure from dairy farms), ash (from large generators), biosolids (sewage-related solid
wastes and possibly also septage in the future), construction/demolition wastes, moderate risk
wastes and wood wastes.
7.2 AGRICULTURAL WASTES
7.2.1 Existing Conditions
Agricultural wastes result from farming and ranching activities, and includes crop residues and
manure. Most agriculture and dairy farming in Clallam County are located on the east side, in the
Sequim-Dungeness area, where favorable climate and land characteristics exist. The amount of
farmland in Clallam County has decreased significantly over the past 20 years, dropping from
76,000 acres in 1950 to about 24,000 in 1992 (WSU 1998). This trend is expected to continue, as
current acreage is still being lost to housing and other uses while future farm development is
restricted by the scarcity of naturally fertile soil.
The amount of agricultural waste generated in Clallam County was estimated from the County's
crop acreage using typical waste generation rates. As shown in Table 7.1, the amount of
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
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Clallam County Comprehcnsivc Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
agricultural wastcs is significant. Currcnt practiccs, howevcr, do not rcsult in substantial
quantities of agricultural wastc that requirc disposal offthc farm. Most wastes arc incorporated
into thc soil to cnhance fertility or handlcd on-sitc in other ways.
7.2.2 Needs and Opportunities
A major conccrn for manurc handling and application is thc potcntial contamination of nearby
surface watcrs. It was prcviously concludcd that agricultural activitics arc a largc contributor of
nonpoint sourcc pollution to thc County watcrshcds (Tctra Tceh 1988). Thcrc is a growing
concern throughout Washington Statc ovcr thc impacts poscd by agricultural wastc to watcr
quality and salmon habitat. Part of this conccrn is due to thc listing of scvcral salmon runs as
cndangcrcd spccics in March 1999, thus triggcring a broad range of rcmcdial activitics for farms
and urban areas alikc.
To addrcss thcsc conccrns, many farms havc implcmented "bcst managcmcnt practices" to
prcvcnt nonpoint pollutants from entering surface watcrs. Thcsc practices frcqucntly involvc thc
usc of low-tcchnology approachcs such as using fcnccs to keep livcstock away from waterways,
rotating usc of pastures, and terracing the land. In Sequim Bay, noticeablc reductions in aquatic
bactcrial counts were observcd aftcr local farms began employing best management practices
years ago. Therc are still problcms with pasture managcment at some of the small opcrations
("hobby farms"), however, such as soil compaction that leads to manure washing into surface
waters and the lack of fencing to keep livcstock out of streams. Thc Natural Resources
Conscrvation Servicc (NRCS) and WSU Coopcrative Extcnsion Office continue to work on
cducation to address thcse problems.
Dairy farms will soon be rcquircd to takc additional stcps to cnsure proper management of
manurc. Dairy farms are required to dcvelop a plan by 2002 for proper manure management, and
thcsc plans arc expccted to lead to tightcr controls ovcr thc handling of cow manure. Thcre arc
only five dairies left in Clallam County, with about 1,000 cows total, and all of these are near
Scquim.
7.2.3 Alternatives
Onc ofthc altcrnatives bcing considcrcd for improved handling and disposal of cow manurc
gcncratcd at thc dairy farms is composting, including composting thc manure with yard debris.
Othcr altcrnativcs arc also bcing considcrcd by thc dairy farms, but composting is cssentially thc
only alternativc that falls within thc scopc of this Comprehcnsivc Solid Wastc Managemcnt Plan
(CSWMP).
Options for composting manurc includc scvcral possibilitics for location and mixturcs. On-farm
composting would rcducc transportation costs for thc manurc and possibly bc rclatively easy for
permitting purposes, but thcn yard debris or othcr matcrials would nccd to be transportcd to thc
farms. Thc cost of installing a propcr composting facility on each farm would be significant, and
a joint facility serving onc or morc farms may bc morc cost-effcctive.
As for mixturc options, thcrc may bc othcr materials besides yard dcbris that would work well for
composting with thc manurc and that would bc more readily availablc, most notably wood wastc
and othcr agricultural wastes (crop or food proccssing residucs). Most ofthc yard debris
currently bcing collccted is bcing uscd for thc Port Angclcs biosolids composting opcration.
Additional yard debris collections would be neccssary or thc dairy farms will nced to look
elsewhcrc for materials to mix with the manurc.
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
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7.2.4 Rccommcndations
Options for composting cow manurc with matcrials othcr than yard dcbris should bc givcn scrious
considcration as thc dairy farms dcvclop thcir manurc managcmcnt plans. Thc dairics, pcrhaps
with thc assistancc ofNRCS and the Coopcrativc E>..1cnsion Officc, should coordinatc these plans
with thc SW AC, haulcrs, municipalitics and privatc industry.
Othcr agricultural wastcs arc not considcrcd a solid wastc managcment problcm in Clallam
County, but educational cfforts should be continucd by NRCS. Small farms whosc livcstock havc
dircct access to surface water should be identificd and encouragcd to use best managcment
practices to rcduce surface watcr contamination.
7.3 ANIMAL CARCASSES
7.3.1 Existing Conditions
Thc two primary gcnerators of animal carcasscs in the County are the Humane Society (in Port
Angeles) and Battellc Marinc Sciences Laboratory (near Sequim). The Humanc Society
previously cremated dead animals but quit using thcir incinerator in July 1998. Now they work
with a rendering company or offer customers the choice of paying thc additional cost of having
animals cremated by a company in Abcrdecn. Battellc is in a similar position for thc disposal of
fish and other sea animals. Battelle has also not used their incincrator since mid-1998, and may
pcrmancntly close it down bccause thc crcmation services offered by thc Aberdeen company are
lcss cxpensive.
Thc disposal of animal carcasses rcsulting from road kills is accomplishcd primarily by burial on
public lands. State Patrol and County Sheriff personnel refcr information about road kills to thc
State Highway or County Road departments. The Clallam County Road Department buries
carcasses at remote locations scattcred throughout thc county. The disposal of animal carcasses
that are generated by dairics and other farming operations is accomplished through rendering
services and othcr mcans.
7.3.2 Needs and Opportunitics
Fcw high-spccd roads exist in Clallam County. With average specd limits of35 miles per hour,
fcw roadkills occur. Current managemcnt systcms for disposal of animal carcasscs in Clallam
County are effcctive and so no additional options nccd to be addressed at this timc.
7.4 ASBESTOS WASTES
7.4.1 Existing Conditions
Asbestos waste is any matcrial containing morc than one pcrccnt asbestos by weight. The amount
of asbcstos gcneratcd in Clallam County is typically small (less than 50 tons per year) and is
usually from demolition activities and pipelinc replacement projects. A much largcr quantity was
gcneratcd in 1998, howcver, due to thc Rayonier demolition (113 tons from that project alone).
Asbestos is considcred nonhazardous whcn properly containcd. The Port Angeles Landfill is thc
only licensed disposal site in the County, although various contractors may also be taking
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Cla11am County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
asbestos out of the county for disposal. To accept asbestos-containing waste at the landfill, 24
hours prior notice must be given and the waste must be triple-bagged in plastic. Upon receipt, the
waste is placed in a separate area of the landfill, later to be covered with garbage. The current fee
for handling asbestos at the Port Angles Landfill is $190 per ton (with a $190 minimum charge).
7.4.2 Needs and Opportunities
Although the managcment and disposal of asbestos waste is not currently considcred a problcm in
Clallam County, safc handling practices must bc continued at thc Port Angcles Landfill. Safe
handling practices will also be a possible issue when the County embarks on a waste export or
other disposal system in the future. Waste export systems in other counties havc been ablc to
accommodate asbestos-containing waste without significant problems (although at a fee of about
twice that of "regular" garbage), so asbestos is not expected to become a problem in the future if
this is the disposal system that is implemented. In addition, less asbestos waste is expected to be
gcnerated in the future as the existing stocks of this material are gradually removed and disposed.
7.5 ASH
7.5.1 Existing Conditions
Ash results from the burning of solid fuels such as wood and solid waste. In Clallam County,
significant amounts of ash are produced by the forest products industry from burning hog fuel or
pulp and paper sludges. The major producers of ash in the Port Angeles area include Crown
Pacific, K-Plyand Daishowa America. Ash from these mills is disposed in the Port Angeles
Landfill or, in the case of Daishowa, in the Lawson Landfill. Daishowa America disposes of
approximately 40,000 cubic yards of ash per year in the Lawson Landflll.
The largest generator of ash in western Clallam County is the Portac sawmill, which generates
boiler ash as well wood waste (sawdust, chips and bark). These materials are currently being
stored on-site until a proper disposal method can be found.
A small amount of ash is produced by the medical waste incinerator at the Community Hospital
in Forks. This ash is disposed with other solid waste.
Small quantities of ash are also produced in residential fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. This
ash is generally disposed of by burying it on residential property or other means. Some ash from
these and other sources may also be brought to the Port Angeles Landfill. At the Port Angeles
Landfill, ash is handled in the same manner as municipal garbage. Most of the ash that is brought
to the landfill is already mixed with garbage before it arrives.
7.5.2 Needs and Opportunities
The anticipated closure date for the Lawson Landfill is in 2009. Siting a new landfill would be
expected to be a contentious process due to public concerns.
Companies using thc Port Angeles Landfill for ash disposal will need to find disposal alternatives
prior to the landfill's closure December 31, 2006.
If a proper disposal method for Portae's ash is not found soon, the stored materials will become
su~ject to the State's pile standards and regulations (RCW 173-304).
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
7.5.3 Alternativcs
To thc extent that Daishowa and the other mills arc burning wood waste and othcr fuels for the
purpose of generating heat or energy, then this practice is expected to continue and ash will
continuc to bc gencratcd. This ash will necd a disposal option that is both economical and
cnvironmentally-secure in ordcr to support thcsc companies' businesses. If, howcvcr, a portion of
thc wood waste is being incincrated purely for disposal purposes, then these companies should be
cncouragcd to examinc alternative disposal methods (see also Section 7.14).
An alternative to the storage of ash by Portae would be to use a permitted disposal site. For
disposal of ash in a permittcd site, possible options includc devcloping thcir own limited purpose
landfill, several small companies jointly operating a limited purpose landfill (thus allowing a
more cost-effective approach), disposal at the Port Angeles Landfill, and disposal through one of
thc two transfer stations near Forks (assuming that the ash can bc handled without creating a
human health exposure problem or other conccrns).
7.5.4 Recommendations
Ash disposal alternatives need to be examined prior to the closure of the Port Angeles Landfill (in
2006) and the Lawson Landfill (2009). The potential for handling large amounts of ash must be
taken into account as part of the design of transfer facilities for waSte export purposes but the ash-
producing companies should be encouraged to explore recycling or other disposal alternatives
first. If the ash is produced from burning wood for the purpose of disposing of the wood, then the
companies should also be cncouraged to explore other alternatives for the disposal of the wood.
Thc various alternatives should be explored with the assistance and cooperation of the SW AC.
7.6 AUTO HULKS
7.6.1 Existing Conditions
Automobile hulks are currently accepted by licensed auto hulk operators for recycling parts and
scrap metal. Markets for whole auto hulks are locatcd in Seattle and Tacoma. The Port Angeles
Landfill does not accept whole automobile hulks or pieces of automobiles. An estimated 80-90
auto hulks are illegally dumped in the County each year.
7.6.2 Needs and Opportunities
Auto hulks are not considered a significant solid waste management problem in Clallarn County.
7.7 BIOMEDICAL WASTES
7.7.1 Existing Conditions
Biomedical wastc is dcfined by WAC 173-304 as "thc infcctious and injurious wastc originating
from a medical, veterinary, or intermediate care facility". These wastes require special handling
and disposal practices to protect the health and safety of both medical and solid waste disposal
pcrsonncl. Mcdical facilitics have the responsibility to dctermine which medical wastcs are
considered biomedical, and then arrange for the proper handling and disposal of these wastes.
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
Page 7-6
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ClaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
~~~:
The two largest generators of biomedical waste in the County are the two largest hospitals (in
Port Angeles and Forks). Olympic Memorial Hospital in Port Angeles previously used an
incinerator but discontinued use of it in April 1990 and now has its biomedical waste transported
out of the County by a licensed biomedical waste hauler. As of May 1999, the Community
Hospital in Forks continued to use its incinerator for the disposal of its biomedical wastes.
The Washington State Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) regulates transporters of
infectious wastes. Their regulations also allow regular solid waste haulers to refuse to haul
wastes that they observe to contain infectious wastes as defined by WUTC.
7.7.2 Needs and Opportunities
There are adequate systems for handling biomedical wastes from the hospitals and clinics in
Clallam County. No additional needs are identified at this time for these generators, but there
may be infectious wastes from smaller generators that are not being handled properly. Home
health care, for instance, is increasingly practiced for more serious conditions, and there is
concern that this may lead to improper handling of infectious waste. This situation should be
monitored but requires no immediate actions. Public education may be necessary in the future if
it appears that home health care is causing potential problems or risks.
7.8 BIOSOLIDS (SEW AGE SLUDGE AND SEPTAGE)
7.8.1 Existing Conditions
Sewage sludge that has been treated to meet standards for beneficial use (such as land
application) is called "biosolids". This type of material is specifically excluded from the
definition of solid waste, although other wastes from the wastewater treatment process (such as
grits, screenings, sludges and ash) are still classified as a solid waste. Biosolids are defmed by
WAC 173-308-080 as "municipal sewage sludge that is a primarily organic, semisolid product
resulting from the wastewater treatment process, that can be beneficially recycled and meets all
applicable requirements under this chapter. Biosolids includes a material derived from biosolids,
and septic tank sludge, also known as septage, that can be beneficially recycled and meets all
applicable requirements".
7.8.2 Needs and Opportunities
In general, biosolids are handled in Clallam County through beneficial use programs such as land
application and silviculture. There are small amounts of grit and other wastes from sewage
treatment processes that do enter the solid waste system, however, and these pose some concerns
for human health and exposure during the collection and disposal process. These wastes could
pose a problem in the future depending on the disposal system employed in Clallam County,
although probably only if there was a substantial quantity disposed.
Septage quantities are expected to increase in the next few years as the Clallam County
Environmental Health Department embarks on a program of encouraging more frequent pwnping
of septic tanks. Inadequate pumping schedules for septic tanks leads to premature septic system
failures that cause groundwater and surface waste contamination problems.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
7.8.3 Alternativcs
Possible altcrnativcs for collection and disposal of scwagc-rclated solid wastes includc an
alternative disposal system, which could include on-sitc treatment and/or disposal, or disposal
through a separate collection servicc (similar to what is done with biomcdical wastcs). Either of
thcsc gcncral approaches would likcly bc very cxpcnsivc. To set up an on-site trcatmcnt mcthod
(such as sterilization or incineration) would be very expensive for the small quantities involved,
and contracting with a specializcd disposal servicc would bc significantly morc expensivc than
thc current approach. Anothcr is to providc morc securc containment for disposal through thc
current system, and this is likely the easiest and least costly to implement.
Currcnt methods of handling septagc arc probably the best option for handling increascd
quantities in the future, except that most of these facilities arc outside of the County. Already
there havc becn some problems with one of the nearest facilitics (in Port Townscnd) having
adequate capacity to handle the increased septage amounts from Clallam County.
7.8.4 Recommendations
The SW AC should work with the Clallam County Health Department and wastewater treatment
plants to develop adequatc disposal methods for sewage-contaminated solid wastes and septage.
7.9 CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION AND LAND-CLEARING (CDL) WASTES
7.9. I Existing Conditions
Construction, demolition and land-clearing (CDL) wastes are defined simply as the wastes that
are generated from construction and demolition activitics. These wastes include new and used
building materials, concrete, asphalt, soil, stumps and brush, as well as incidental amounts of
"rcgular" garbage that is gcnerated at thc construction or dcmolition sites (such as cardboard
boxes, cans, bottles and food waste). These wastes are generated at a rate that is proportional to
the construction activity in the County and so annual amounts vary depending on population
growth and the economic climate. Large, one-time projects (such as the recent Rayonicr mill
demolition) also have a significant impact on annual amounts.
The total amount of CDL wastc typically gcnerated in Clallam County is unknown. In the past,
some of this material has been disposed at wood waste sites and the remainder either landfiUed or
handled on-site. The Port Angeles Landfill currcntly reccives only small amounts of CDL Wastc,
relative to the amount of solid waste received, but the actual amounts are not recorded.
Part of this waste stream is currently being recyclcd. One company, Eclipse Concrete Rccycling,
accepts and crushes concrete and asphalt for reuse. This company handled 188 tons in 1998 but
could recycle substantially more than this amount.
7.9.2 Needs and Opportunities
There are scvcral needs and opportunitics associated with CDL wastc:
~ a portion of this waste is currently being disposed at the Port Angeles Landfill, but it is
generally not nccessary for this material to bc handled at such a sccure and relatively
expensive site.
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
~ whcn the landfill closes and an alternative disposal system is implemented, it may become
evcn more expensive to unnecessarily handle CDL waste as part of the regular waste stream.
On the othcr hand, it may bc possible to modify thc operation ofthc landfill to continuc using
it as a disposal facility for CDL and other inert wastcs.
~ thc high cost associatcd with treating CDL wastc as part ofthc regular solid wastc stream
may discourage proper handling. Contractors and others may be temptcd to inappropriately
handlc material on-sitc or to illcgally dump the matcrial on vacant land.
~ recycling of this type of wastc may be less costly and would certainly be prefcrable for
scvcral other reasons. Eclipsc Concrctc Recycling, for instancc, chargcs only onc-third ofthc
landfill's disposal fee to accept concrcte.
7.9.3 Alternativcs
.The primary alternatives for this waste stream have been idcntificd above, including disposal at
the Port Angeles Landfill, disposal on-site at the point of generation, and recycling.
Recycling of construction and dcmolition wastes often requires spccial facilities and cquipmcnt
that are dedicated to a specific type of material (wood waste, concrete, or sheetrock), and the
waste quantities in Clallam County probably do not warrant such an investment for some of these
materials. However, there are specific wastes that can be diverted to existing recovery
opcrations, such as crushing of concrcte or asphalt for use as road base, grinding of clean wood
waste for usc as a fuel or mulch, and morc traditional recyclables (cardboard, bottlcs and cans)
that can be recovered from construction sitc wastcs.
7.9.4 Recommcndations
Existing opportunities for rccycling of construction and demolition wastes should be promoted by
the County as part of the public education cfforts conducted for waste rcduction and rccycling.
Development of a disposal sitc for non-recyclable construction and demolition wastes should also
be considered. If a separate site is developed and if sufficient quantities of recoverable matcrials
are observcd being disposed at this site, additional recycling operations should bc considercd for
thosc materials.
7.10 CONTAMINATED SOILS
7.10.1 Existing Conditions
Soil is considcred contaminated if it contains significant quantities of fuel oil, gasoline, or othcr
toxic substances. Contaminated soils gcneratcd in Clallam County are usually contaminated with
pctrolcum products. Petroleum-contaminatcd soils (peS) arc acceptcd at thc Port Angclcs
Landfill or can be taken to thc Ficlds/Shotwell sitc for treatment. pes is acceptcd at thc Port
Angeles Landfill only after testing to ensure that the soil mects legal limits for disposal (under
3,200 ppm total hydrocarbons and other tests as appropriate), and thcn the contaminated soils arc
uscd as cover material at the landfill.
Chapter 7: Special Wastes
Page 7-9
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagemcnt Plan, Final DIaft
The Fields/Shotwell site uses bioremediation to treat pes. This is an on-land treatment process
that encourages microbial activity through fertilization and pH control. The microbes break the
petroleum hydrocarbons down into their elemental components.
Large amounts of petroleum contaminated soil and other wastes from major oil spills may be
handled differently than smaller quantities. Murrey's Disposal dba Olympic Disposal (Olympic
Disposal) was hired to haul oily debris (excluding marine animals) to the Aberdeen Sanitary
Landfill from an oil spill in Neah Bay in 1988. Oily waste residues from an oil spill that occurred
in Port Angeles harbor in 1985 were burned in Daishowa's wood waste boilers. These situations
have been evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
7.10.2 Needs and Opportunities
The Port Angeles Landfill is expected to close in 2006, but this will still leave at least one local
option for disposal of pes (i.e., the Fields/Shotwell site). Large generators can also use other
options, while both large and small generators can also bring in thermal oxidation equipment to
treat pes on-site. The amount of pes is expected to diminish in the future because there will be
fewer occurrences ofleaking storage tanks (and old incidents will be cleaned up), due to more
stringent storage regulations which became effective several years ago.
Contaminated soils are not currently produced in sufficient quantities to be considered a solid
waste management problem in Clallam County. Disposal ofwastes from large spills should
continue to be addressed as they occur, depending on the nature and extent of the contamination.
7.11 DREDGE SPOILS
7.11.1 Existing Conditions
Dredge spoils are occasionally generated from dredging of ports in Clallam County. Local ports
generally require dredging only once every 20 years because they are naturally deep waters. In
the past five years, only one or two dredging projects have occurred. Disposal of the dredge
spoils from these projects is evaluated on a case-by-case basis, using Ecology guidelines for
proper disposal methods.
7.11.2 Needs and Opportunities
Disposal of dredge spoils could be a problem in the future, but preferred disposal options cannot
be known until more infonnation is available on the quantity and qualities of the dredge spoils.
Dredging projects should continue to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
7.12 MODERATE RISK WASTES
7.12.1 Existing Conditions
Small amounts of hazardous materials are used by industries, farming operations, businesses, and
homes throughout Clallam County. For most of these, the amount of any waste produced as a
result of this usage falls below regulated quantities and so is classified as a "moderate risk waste".
Moderate risk waste includes household hazardous wastes (wastes produced by residential
activities that otherwise meet the definition of a hazardous waste except that they are exempt
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
from regulation) and wastes from small-quantity generators (businesses that produce less than
220 pounds of dangerous waste or 2.2 pounds of extremely dangerous waste per month, and that
do not accumulate these wastes in excess of 2,200 or 2.2 pounds, respectively). Moderate risk
wastes produced in Clallam County include pesticides, acids, oil-based paints, cleaning solvents,
dry-cleaning solvents, petroleum wastes, used batteries, and medical or pathogenic wastes.
Hazardous wastes are not accepted at the Port Angeles Landfill. Separate collections of moderate
risk wastes have been conducted, including some that have been conducted jointly with Jefferson
County. There is also an agreement between Jefferson and Clallam Counties that allows Clallam
County residents to use Jefferson County's Moderate Risk Waste Facility (in Port Townsend) and
Clal1am County then pays a usage fee. In addition, the Clallam County Environmental Health,
City of Port Angeles, the haulers and others assist people with questions throughout the year.
The separate collection event in 1998 was conducted for two days in September. This event
collected 36,537 pounds of waste, which was a 53% increase over 1997. The wastes delivered
included paint (69.9%), pesticides (8.0%), automobile batteries (5.5%), solvents (4.9%), motor oil
(4.1 %), and various other materials. Participating households came primarily from Port Angeles
(39%), Sequim (20%), and the unincorporated areas around these cities (38%). In total, 451
households delivered enough hazardous waste to fill 147 55-gallon drums. The total cost for this
collection event was $40,242.
Additional information regarding the management and disposal of moderate risk wastes in the
County can be found in the Clallam County Hazardous Waste Management Plan (PSR 1991).
7.12.2 Needs and Opportunities
Staff turnover for both Clallam and Jefferson Counties caused one collection event to be
cancelled in 1998 and has prevented some of the public education efforts from being conducted,
but as oflate 1999 these problems had been largely resolved.
7.12.3 Alternatives
Alternatives for moderate risk wastes include increased educational efforts and alternative
disposal methods. For the latter, one of the primary alternatives would be for Clallam County to
construct their own moderate risk waste facility that would provide a local disposal option
throughout the year. This, however, is a very expensive option that doesn't appear to be
necessary based on the information available.
7.12.4 Recommendations
Clallam County should resume countywide educational efforts for proper disposal of moderate
risk wastes, and joint activities with Jefferson County should also be resumed.
7.13 TIRES
7.13.1 Existing Conditions
Used tires generated in Clallam County are collected at the Port Angeles Landfill and are also
handled by private companies (such as auto service stations and tire dealers) or illegally dumped.
There are no permitted tire disposal sites in the County.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
The Port Angeles Landfill is currently burying tires because the previous recycling effort was too
labor-intensive and costly to continue. The landfill, however, is handling much fewer tires than
they used to, about 5,000 tires per year instcad of the 15,000 to 20,000 they previously acceptcd.
Thc automobile scrvice stations and othcr tirc dealers in Clallam County are apparently handling
many more tires and these are bcing haulcd out of thc county.
7. 13.2 Nccds and Opportunities
Tires have presented a variety of problems at virtually all waste disposal sites. The storage and
disposal oftircs poscs fire hazards and public health problems associated with the breeding of
mosquitoes and rodents. Problcms also arise when tires arc incorporated into sanitary landfills.
Because of their bulkiness and resilience, they tend to surface periodically, damaging the cover
materials and allowing watcr to seep into the landfill.
Based on a national average waste generation rate of approximately one tire per person per year,
thcre is an estimated 66,000 tires generated annually in Clallam County. Disposal at public
facilities accounts for only a small portion of these tires. Although it is feared that a portion of
these tires are being illegally dumped or "stored" at the site of generation, there is not a great deal
of evidence to indicate that this many tires are being improperly handled in Clallam County.
Hence, it is assumed that service stations and tire dealers are accepting most of the tires not
handled at the landfill.
No specific recommendations are being made at this time for tires, but ongoing efforts to find
better alternatives to tire disposal on a statewide basis should be monitored while also watching
for improved options that may become available on a local basis.
7.14 WOOD WASTES
7. 1 4. 1 Existing Conditions
Wood waste is defined by WAC 173-304 as "consisting of wood pieces or particles generated as
a by-product or waste from the manufacturing of wood products, handling and storage of raw
materials and trees and stumps". The definition goes on to stipulate that "this includes but is not
limited to sawdust, chips, shavings, bark, pulp, hog fuel, and log sort yard waste, but does not
include wood pieces or particles containing chemical preservatives such as creosote, penta-
chlorophenol, or copper-chrome-arsenic".
The forest products industry in Clallam County generates wood shavings, chips, sawdust, log
cnds, bark, hog fuel, sorting yard wastcs, pulp and paper mill sludges, and boiler ash. The major
producers of these wastes are K-Ply, Oaishowa America, Portac, Crown Pacific, and smaller
logging operation and shake or shingle mills. The Port of Port Angeles is also a major generator
of wood wastc. Wood waste is accumulated through thcir operation of marinc terminals and
adjaccnt log yards.
Thcrc is only onc pcrmitted limitcd purposc disposal sitc rcmaining in Clallam County: the
Lawson Landfill on Monroe Road. Lawson Landfill takes boiler ash from Oaishowa America but
can also accept wood wastes (although this would accelerate the closure date for this landfill).
This site is estimated to have remaining capacity adequate until the year 2009. Oaishowa
America currently recycles wood waste through other private companies. Logyard waste, for
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
instancc, is ground up by anothcr company and thcn sold as a soil amendment. Daishowa has
also reduccd their wood waste quantities by contracting logyard and chip production activitics to
othcr companies.
Thc Port Angclcs Landfill accepts wood wastc from Crown Pacific and possibly other gencrators
for disposal. The Port of Port Angelcs has been granted a permit to dcvelop a wood wastc landfill
on thcir propcrty at the Port Angeles Airport, but they have not begun construction of this landfill
yet (and they may not cver construct this landfill due to liability and othcr concerns). Portac is
currently stockpiling thcir wood wastc until determining a prcfcrrcd disposal option.
7.14.2 Needs and Opportunities
Thc future closures of Lawson and Port Angeles Landfills will leave the County without an
economical local disposal option for wood waste. Large gcnerators on the west end of the county
are already without an cconomical disposal option (see also discussion about Portac under
Section 7.5.1).
An opportunity exists in a neighboring county to recyclc a significant amount of wood waste.
The City of Port Townsend operates a composting facility that handles 390 tons ofbiosolids per
year (on a dry weight basis), and for this opcration they have an ongoing need for bulking agents.
They currently grind yard waste and woody materials for this purpose, and thc additional carbon
from these materials providcs a significant benefit over other types of bulking agents (such as
shredded tires or inert materials). The feasibility of cxpanding this facility to handle additional
biosolids from Kitsap County is currcntly being examined, but even without this expansion the
facility could likely takc significant amounts of wood wastes from Clallam County sources.
7.14.3 Alternatives
Alternativcs for futurc wood waste disposal could includc:
~ the matcrials might bc ablc to be land-applied, to bc allowed to decompose naturally.
~ a new special-purpose landfill(s) could be developcd that would continuc to take wood waste
and ash.
~ thc matcrials could be proccsscd to produce valuc-added products that would havc market
valuc (including mulch, compost, hog fuel and possibly othcr products).
~ the matcrials could be sent to anothcr compost facility, cither for a fee or possibly sold to
them as a needed raw material.
Landfilling has bcen thc most expcdicnt mcthod in the past for many companies, but futurc siting
of wood wastc landfills may becomc a problcm duc to thc growing population in Clallam County
and thc lack of available land. Approximately 62 perccnt of the land in Clallam County is owncd
by Federal or State agencies, and much of the rcmaining land has an unacceptablc slopc or is vcry
wet.
Rccovcry of thc wood wastc through composting or convcrsion to mulch or hog fuel rcquircs a
tub grindcr, chippcr, or similar piccc of cquipment for reducing the sizc ofthc picces. Much of
thc wood wastc is from log yard opcrations, howevcr, and so contains a significant amount of soil
and othcr contaminants. Whilc this may not bc a problem for composting, thcse contaminants
would causc an cxccssive amount of wear on proccssing cquipment and would reduce the value
of end products such as hog fucl.
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CIallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
Composting the shredded wood waste may be a better option, since the soil would then be a
beneficial additivc. Depending on the demands of potential markets, composting may require up
to two years before a usable end product would be ready. The soil would also not be a problem if
the shrcdded material were sold as a mulch, in which case the shredded wood waste could be used
immediately (again depending on markets).
7.14.4 Recommendations
The possibility of recovering additional amounts of wood waste through use as composting or
hog fuel should be explored by Clallam County.
If necessary, the market for landscaping mulch produced from log yard waste should be increased
through public procurement programs. As appropriate, private sector companies should be
encouraged to follow the public sector's lead in procurement of landscaping mulch produced
from log yard waste.
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Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
CHAPTER 8: SEPA ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST
8.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the environmental checklist as required by the State Environmental Policy
Act (SEPA). The purpose of the checklist is to provide information on the environmental impacts
of the activities proposed by this Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP).
The rest of this chapter is the actual SEPA checklist for the CSWMP. Much of this checklist
addresses only the general concerns related to the CSWMP, but specific actions proposed by this
CSWMP are addressed as appropriate. It is anticipated that at least one of the activities discussed
in the CSWMP, the use of waste export for future disposal purposes, will require one or more
separate SEP A processes when more implementation details are developed for it.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST
A. BACKGROUND
1. Name of proposed project. if applicable:
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP).
2. Name of applicant
Clallam County
3. Address and phone number of applicant and contact person:
Project Manager:
Joe Ciarlo
Clallam County Road Dept.
(360) 417-2305
Consultant
Rick Hlavka
Green Solutions
(360) 897-9533
4. Date checklist prepared:
September 3,1999
5. Agency requesting checklist
Washington State Department of Ecology (WDOE). State law for solid waste
management plans requires a SEPA checklist.
6. Proposed timing or schedule (including phasing, if applicable):
The Clallam County CSWMP recommends various solid waste management programs
to be developed and implemented over the next five years.
7. Do you have any plans for future additions, expansion, or further activity related to or
connected with this proposal? If yes, explain.
Yes. State law requires solid waste management plans to be updated every five years.
In addition, a few of the recommendations in this CSWMP extend beyond the
immediate five-year period, but separate environmental review processes would be
conducted for these activities if neq!ssary when plans for these activities are refined.
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8. list any environmental information you know about that has been prepared, or will be
prepared, directly related to this proposal.
NA
9. Do you know whether applications are pending for governmental approvals of other
proposals directly affecting the property covered by your proposal? If yes, explain.
No.
10. list any government approvals or permits that will be needed for your proposal, if
known.
In order to participate in the CSWMP, each local jurisdiction will need to approve and
adopt the CSWMP. These jurisdictions include Clallam County, Port Angeles, Sequim,
Forks, and possibly the Makah, Quileute, Lower Elwha and Jamestown S' K1allam
Tribal Councils. Eventually, an inter10cal agreement (or other arrangement) will be
needed between many of these same parties to administer the process of switching to
a new disposal system (waste export).
The waste export system will likely require the siting and construction of at least one
additional solid waste transfer station. This facility will require a solid waste permit and
several other permits, but a separate environmental review process will be conducted
for this facility later (in about 2004).
11. Give brief, complete description of your proposal, including the proposed uses and the
size of the project and site. There are several questions later in this checklist that ask
you to describe certain aspects of your proposal. You do not need to repeat those
answers on this page.
The Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP) is a twenty-year plan for
the unincorporated and incorporated areas of Clallam County, including the cities of
Port Angeles, Sequim, and Forks. At their option, the Indian Reservations may
participate in this CSWMP. Federal rules require that the Olympic National Park and
the Olympic National Forest abide by the policies and programs in this CSWMP.
This CSWMP discusses all aspects of solid waste management within the County and
incorporated areas, including waste reduction, recycling, composting, energy recovery,
collection, transfer, import/export, waste disposal, and regulation and administration.
Specific recommendations are made for all of these elements, but in most cases these
recommendations represent program or policy refinements that have no significant
environmental impacts. .
12. Location of the proposal. Give sufficient information for a person to understand the
precise location of your proposed project, including a street address, if any, and
section, township, and range, if known. If a proposal would occur over a range of area,
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provide the range or boundaries of the site(s). Provide a legal description, site plan,
vicinity map, and topographic map, if reasonably available. While you should submit
any plans required by the agency, you are not required to duplicate maps or detailed
plans submitted with any permit applications related to this checklist.
The activities proposed by this CSWMP will generally take place throughout Clallam
County, although a few of the recommendations are for specific areas (such as one or
more of the cities) or sites.
TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT
B. ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
Responses to the following reflect the lack of a specific site
for most of the recommendations of the CSWMP.
1. Earth
a. General description of the site (circle one): Flat,
rolling, hilly, steep slopes, mountainous, other
The specific sites impacted by the CSWMP's
recommendations are generally the solid waste
facilities and occupied areas in the County, which are
flat or rolling.
b. What is the steepest slope on the site (approximate
percent slope)?
Specific sites and areas discussed in the CSWMP are
generally those with lesser slopes.
c. What general types of soils are found on the site (for
example, clay, sand, gravel, peat, muck)? If you know
the classification of agricultural soils, specify them and
note any prime farmland.
Not applicable.
d. Are there surface indications or history of unstable
soils in the immediate vicinity? If so, describe.
Not applicable.
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e. Describe the purpose, type, and approximate
quantities of any filling or grading proposed. Indicate
source of fill.
Not applicable.
f. Could erosion occur as a result of clearing,
construction, or use? If so, generally describe.
Not applicable.
g. About what percent of the site will be covered with
impervious surfaces after project construction (for
example, asphalt or buildings)?
Not applicable.
h. Proposed measures to reduce or control erosion, or
other impacts to the earth, if any:
Not applicable.
2. Air
a. What types of emissions to the air would result from
the proposal (Le., dust, automobile, odors, industrial
wood smoke) during construction and when the project
is completed? If any, generally describe and give
approximate quantities if known.
No significant amounts of emissions are anticipated as
a result of any of the recommendations made by the
CSWMP.
b. Are there any off-site sources of emissions or odor
that may affect your proposal? If so, generally
describe.
Not applicable.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control emissions or
other impacts to air, if any:
Not applicable.
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3. Water
a. Surface:
1. Is there any surface water body on or in the immediate
vicinity of the site (including year-round and seasonal
streams, saltwater, lakes, ponds, weUands)? If yes,
describe type and provide names. If appropriate, state
what stream or river it flows into.
Not applicable.
2. Will the projed require any work over, in or adjacent to
(within 200 feet) the described waters? If yes, please
describe and attach available plans.
This is not anticipated.
3. Estimate the amount of fill and dredge material that
would be placed in or removed from surface water or
weUands and indicate the area of the site that would
be affected. Indicate the source of fill material.
Not applicable.
4. Will the proposal require surface water withdrawals or
diversions? Give general description, purpose, and
approximate quantities if known.
This is not anticipated.
5. Does the proposal lie within a 1 ao-year floodplain? If
so, note location on the site plan.
This is not anticipated.
6. Does the proposal involve any discharges of waste
materials to surface waters? If so, describe the type
of waste and anticipated volume of discharge.
No.
b. Ground:
1. Will ground water be withdrawn, or will water be
discharged to ground water? Give general
Chapter 8: SEPA Checklist Page 8-6
description, purpose, and approximate quantities if
known.
This is not anticipated.
2. Describe waste material that will be discharged into
the ground from septic tanks or other sources, if any
(for example: Domestic sewage; industrial, containing
the following chemicals...; agricultural; etc.). Describe
the general size of the system, the number of such
systems, the number of houses to be served (if
applicable), or the number of animals or humans the
system(s) are expected to serve.
Not applicable.
c. Water Runoff (including storm water):
1. Describe the source of runoff (including storm water)
and method of collection and disposal, if any (include
quantities, if known). Where will this water flow? Will
this water flow into other waters? If so, describe.
Not applicable.
2. Could waste materials enter ground or surface
waters? If so, generally describe.
Not applicable.
d. Proposed measures to reduce or control surface,
ground, and runoff water impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
4. Plants
a. Check or circle types of vegetation found on the site:
deciduous tree: alder, maple, aspen,
other
evergreen tree: fir, cedar, pine, other
shrubs
grass
pasture
crop or grain
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,
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wet soil plants: cattail, buttercup,
bullrush, skunk cabbage, other
water plants: water lily, eelgrass,
milfoil, other
other types of vegetation
All of these types of vegetation can be found in
Clallam County.
b. What kind and amount of vegetation will be removed
or altered?
None expected.
c. List threatened or endangered species known to be on
or near the site.
Not applicable.
d. Proposed landscaping, use of native plants, or other
measures to preserve or enhance vegetation on the
site, if any:
Not applicable.
5. Animals
a. Circle any birds and animals which have been
observed on or near the site or are known to be on or
near the site:
birds: hawk, heron, eagle, songbirds,
other:
Mammals: deer, bear, elk, beaver,
other:
Fish: bass, salmon, trout, herring, shellfish,
other.
All of these birds and animals can be found in Clallam
County.
b. List any threatened or endangered species known to
be on or near the site.
Not applicable.
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c. Is the site part of a migration route? If so, explain.
Not applicable.
d. Proposed measures to preserve or enhance wildlife, if
any:
Not applicable.
6. Energy and Natural Resources
a. What kinds of energy (electric, natural gas, oil, wood
stove, solar) will be used to meet the completed
project's energy needs? Describe whether it will be
used for heating, manufacturing, etc.
Several of the activities recommended in the CSWMP
will require small additional amounts of electrical
power to support normal, everyday activities. In
addition, two recommendations in the CSWMP may
increase power supplies in the future ("energy
recovery from landfill gas should be considered in the
future if landfill gas concentrations rise to economic
levels" and Uthe possibility of recovering additional
amounts of wood waste through composting or hog
fuel should be explored further").
b. Would your project affect the potential use of solar
energy by adjacent properties? If so, generally
describe.
No, this is not anticipated.
c. What kinds of energy conservation features are
included in the plans of this proposal? List other
proposed measures to reduce or control energy
impacts, if any:
No applicable.
7. Environmental Health
a. Are there any environmental health hazards, including
exposure to toxic chemicals, risk of fire and explosion,
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Page 8-9
spill. or hazardous waste. that could occur as a result
of this proposal? If so. describe.
No, although the CSWMP touches on a related activity
(moderate risk waste collections) that should help
prevent this type of problem in the future.
1. Describe special emergency services that might be
required.
Not applicable.
2. Proposed measures to reduce or control
environmental health hazards, if any:
Not applicable.
b. Noise
1. What types of noise exist in the area which may affect
your project (for example: traffic, equipment,
operation, other)?
Recommendations in the CSWMP may affect traffic
patterns and volumes, but any such impacts are
primarily associated with changes in the waste
disposal system (details of which are not available at
this time).
2. What types and levels of noise would be created by or
associated with the project on a short-term or a long-
term basis (for example: traffic, construction,
operation, other)? Indicate what hours noise would
come from the site.
Not applicable.
3. Proposed measures to reduce or control noise
impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
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8. Land and Shoreline Use
a. What is the current use of the site and adjacent
properties?
Not applicable.
b. Has the site been used for agriculture? If so,
describe.
Not applicable.
c. Describe any structures on the site.
Not applicable.
d. Will any structures be demolished? if so, what?
One of the recommendations in the CSWMP is to
close the Lake Creek Transfer Station if a private
transfer station is built in Forks, and this would
possibly lead to the demolition or removal of the few
structures at the Lake Creek Transfer Station.
e. What is the current zoning classification of the site?
Not applicable.
f. What is the current comprehensive plan designation of
the site?
Not applicable.
g. If applicable, what is the current shoreline master
program designation of the site?
Not applicable.
h. Has any part of the site been classified as an
"environmentally sensitive" area? If so, specify.
Not applicable.
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i. Approximately how many people would reside or work
in the completed project?
Not applicable (no impacts to employment or
population levels are anticipated to be caused by any
of the CSWMP's recommendations).
j. Approximately how many people would the completed
project displace?
Not applicable.
k. Proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement
impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
I. Proposed measures to ensure the proposal is
compatible with existing and project land uses and
plans, if any:
Not applicable.
9. Housing
a. Approximately how many units would be provided, if
any? Indicate whether high, middle, or low-income
housing.
Not applicable.
b. Approximately how many units, if any, would be
eliminated? Indicate whether high, middle, or low-
income housing.
Not applicable.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control housing
impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
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10. Aesthetics
a. What is the tallest height of any proposed structure(s),
not including antennas; what is the principal exterior
building material(s) proposed?
Not applicable (a transfer station will possibly be built
to support the future disposal system, but details of it's
design and construction are not available at this time).
b. What views in the immediate vicinity would be altered
or obstructed?
Not applicable.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control aesthetic
impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
11. Light and Glare
a. What type of light or glare will the proposal produce?
What time of day would it mainly occur?
Not applicable.
b. Could light or glare from the finished project be a
safety hazard or interfere with views?
Not applicable.
c. What existing off-site sources of light or glare may
affect your proposal?
Not applicable.
d. Proposed measures to reduce or control light and
glare impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
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11
12. Recreation
a. What designated and informal recreational
opportunities are in the immediate vicinity?
Not applicable.
b. Would the proposed project displace any existing
recreational uses? If so, describe.
Not applicable.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts on
recreation, induding recreation opportunities to be
provided by the project or applicant, if any:
Not applicable.
13. Historic and Cultural Preservation
a. Are there any places or objects listed on, or proposed
for, national, state, or local preservation registers
known to be on or next to the site? If so, describe.
No, none anticipated.
b. Generally describe any landmarks or evidence of
historic, archaeological, scientific, or cultural
importance known to be on or next to the site.
Not applicable.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts, if
any:
Not applicable.
14. Transportation
a. Identify public streets and highways serving the site,
and describe proposed access to the existing street
system. Show on site plans, if any.
Not applicable.
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...
b. Is site currently served by public transit? If not, what is
the approximate distance to the nearest transit stop?
Not applicable.
c. How many parking spaces would the completed
project have? How many would the project eliminate?
Not applicable.
d. Will the proposal require any new roads or streets, or
improvements to existing roads or streets, not
inCluding driveways? If so, generally describe
(indicate whether public or private).
Unknown.
e. Will the project use (or occur in the immediate vicinity
of) water, rail, or air transportation? If so, generally
describe.
Unknown.
f. How many vehicular trips per day would be generated
by the completed project? If known, indicate when
peak volumes would occur.
Unknown.
g. Proposed measures to reduce or control transportation
impacts, if any:
Not applicable.
15. Public Services
a. Would the project result in an increased need for
public services (for example: fire protection, police
protection, health care, schools, other)? If so,
generally describe.
None anticipated.
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b. Proposed measures to reduce or control direct
impacts on public services, if any.
Not applicable.
16. Utilities
a. Circle utilities currently available at the site: electricity,
natural gas, water, refuse service, telephone, sanitary
sewer, septic system, other.
Not applicable.
b. Describe the utilities that are proposed for the project,
the utility providing the service, and the general
construction activities on the site or in the immediate
vicinity which might be needed.
Not applicable.
C. SIGNATURE
The above answers are true and complete to the best of my
knowledge. I understand that the lead agency is relying on
them to make its decision.
Signature
Date Submitted
EVALUATION FOR
AGENCY USE ONLY
Chapter 8: SEPA Checklist
Page 8-16
D. SUPPLEMENTAL SHEET FOR NONPROJECT
ACTIONS (do not use this sheet for project actions)
Because these questions are very general, it may be helpful
to read them in conjunction with the list of the elements of the
environment.
When answering these questions, be aware of the extent the
proposal. or the types of activities likely to result from the
proposal. would affect the item at a greater intensity or at a
faster rate than if the proposal were not implemented.
Respond briefly and in general terms.
1. How would the proposal be likely to increase discharge to
water; emissions to air; production, storage, or release of
toxic or hazardous substances; or production of noise?
By providing for secure disposal of solid wastes and
increased recycling activities, the CSWMP is expected to
decrease impacts and discharges to water and air, and to
provide for more secure handling of toxic or hazardous
substances that may be part of the solid waste stream. (For
more information about the beneficial impacts of recycling to
air and water, the report. "Recyclables in the Wrong Can",
may be downloaded from the News and Events page of the
website for the Washington State Recycling Association .
V'YWW.wsra.net). No substantial increases or decreases in
noise levels are expected as a result of the CSWMP's
recommendations.
Proposed measure to avoid or reduce such increases are:
Not applicable.
2. How would the proposal be likely to affect plants, animals,
fish, or marine life?
No significant impacts to plant. animal, fish, or marine life are
expected.
Proposed measures to protect or conserve plants, animals,
fish, or marine life are:
Not applicable.
EVALUA TION FOR
AGENCY USE ONLY
Chapter 8: SEPA Checklist
Page 8-/7
I!"""""" _.-.._~_.
3. How would the proposal be likely to deplete energy or natural
resources?
A small amount of energy and materials will be needed to
implement the recommendations in the CSWMP, but this is
expected to be more than offset by the energy and resources
conserved as the result of increased waste prevention,
recycling and composting recommended by the plan (the
report mentioned above, -Recyclables in the Wrong Can-,
also contains information about energy savings that result
from recycling).
Proposed measures to protect or conserve energy and
natural resources are:
Not applicable.
4. How would the proposal be likely to use or affect
environmentally sensitive areas or areas designated (or
eligible or under study) for governmental protection; such as
parks, wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, threatened or
endangered species habitat, historic or cultural sites,
wetlands, floodplains, or prime farmlands?
No substantial impacts, either positive or negative, are
expected to result from the recommendations in the CSWMP,
although future facilities mentioned in the CSWMP (Le., the
possible solid waste transfer station needed to support the
waste export disposal system) will need to be examined for
such impacts when further plans and details become
available.
Proposed measures to protect such resources or to avoid or
reduce impacts are:
Not applicable.
5. How would the proposal be likely to affect land and shoreline
use, including whether it would allow or encourage land or
shoreline uses incompatible with existing plans?
No substantial impacts, either positive or negative, are
expected to land or shoreline use as a result of the activities
proposed in the CSWMP, although future facilities mentioned
in the CSWMP (Le., the possible solid waste transfer station
needed to support the waste export disposal system) will
need to be examined for such impacts when further plans and
details become available.
EVALUATION FOR
AGENCY USE ONLY
Chapter 8: SEPA Checklist
Page 8-18
...
Proposed measures to avoid or reduce shorelines and land
use impacts are:
Not applicable.
6. How would the proposal be likely to increase demands on
transportation or public services and utilities?
The waste export system, which is proposed to take the place
of the Port Angeles Landfill as the County's primary means of
disposing of solid waste, will require long-distance shipment
of solid waste to a large regional landfill in eastern
Washington or Oregon. This is not expected to cause a
significant increase in demand on the existing transportation
systems, as the waste export system will employ a dedicated
trucking system (although there is a slight possibility that the
solid waste would be barged out of this area, thus placing
some additional demand on port facilities and shipping
capacity). The trucks will increase road usage by a small
amount, requiring an estimated four trucks per day with 25-
ton payloads, with a possible route traveling east from Port
Angeles (the location and route is unknown at this time, but
this would be evaluated as part of the environmental review
process associated with the siting and permitting of the future
transfer facility).
Some changes are also proposed in the CSWMP for the
waste collection services provided by the municipalities (Port
Angeles and Sequim) and private haulers. The proposed
changes to the waste collection services will not cause an
increase in demands on that system per se, but will in fact
provide additional incentives for recycling to customers in the
various areas, thus providing a significant beneficial
environmental impact.
Proposed measures to reduce or respond to such demand(s)
are:
Not applicable.
7. Identify, if possible, whether the proposal may conflict with
local, state, or federal laws or requirements for the protection
of the environment.
The CSWMP is in response to a state requirement for the
proper management of solid waste, and it complies with all
applicable local, state and federal laws and requirements
regarding protection of the environment.
EVALUATION FOR
AGENCY USE ONLY
Chapter 8: SEP A Checklist
Page 8-19
CLALLAM COUNTY
ADDENDUM TO EXISTING ENVIRON'JlENTAl DOCUMENT
Oncription of eumnt prop~.1: The adoption of a revised/updated Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan (CSWMI') that would provide a functional planning guide for solid waste d'/mes
within Clallam County. The CWSMP is a twenty (20) year plan for the unincorpordted areas of Clallam
County. Including the cities of Port Angeles, Sequim. and Forks. At their option. the Tribes of the Mal<ah.
Quileute Lower Eiwha. and Jamestown S'Klallam may ~articipzte in tnis CSWMP. The proposed
CWSMP discusses Iii aspects of solid waste management within the County and incorporated ar~s.
Including waster reduction, recycling. compostng, energy recovery. collectiOn, transfer, import/export.
waste disposal, and ~egulation encl administration. Speclfle recommendations are provided for ali these
elements, but in most CBses they represent program or policy refinements that have no significant
environmental impacts. The subject CSWMP was developed in response to the Solid Waste
Management Act., Chapter 70.95 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW).
D..cription of original document: Environmental Checklist dated September 28. 1990. and the SEPA
threshold Determination of NoMignificance (DNS) issued by the Responsible Official for C1allam County
on October 1e, 1990. The environmental issues associated with this proposal have been identified and
are found to be addresMd in the attached environmental cheCklist dated September 15, 1999 and
environmenUiI checklist conteined in Chapter 6.0 of the Clallam County ComprehensiVe Solid waste
Management Plan prepared on April 22. 1993. We have reviewed the proposed' 999 updates to the
CSWMP end found that the proposed changes would not result in new significant advel'$e environmental
impects. The documents meet our environmental review needi for the current prOposal and will
accompany the proposal to the decision-maker. This information is available to the public on request at
the office of the Responsible Official as listed herein.
Proponent: Clallam COUl'lty Roads Department
Project Manager: Joseph Ciarlo
223 e. Fourth Street
~ort Angeies, WA 98362
Agent: Green Solutions
Contact: Riel< Hlavka
P.O. Box 680
South Prairie, WA 98365-0680
l.oeation of current prClpo..l: The proposed Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan would
apply to all incorporated and unincorporated areas within the boundaries of elallam County. Washington.
Party that prepared documents beIng adoptea: Green Solutions, P.O. Box 680
South Prairie, WA ge~e5-0680
Responsible Official
Andy Meyer, AICP, Planning Director
Department of C<lmmunity Development
223 E. 4th Street, Port Angeles. WA 98362
Staff Contact Tim Woolett, Senior Planner~O) 417-2321
lssuance Date: October 18, 1999 Signature.
cr.: SUIte ofWlsNnCllon Deplttment 01 Ecology (SEPA Oiv.)
Mikel 9alrter. State ofW"~1n9IOn Depanment of EcologV
Rod Fleck, C!tY of FoJ1cS
James E. Bay, City of Sequlm
Fred Marar, Olympic Nationa' Pa:1c
Ca.e eelfigen, W.,. Mlnlge",etll
M;c;helle COl<:, Olympic Dispesal
TDm McCabe, Solid Waste Colleetion Supervisor
Steve &lhlderson
~Iph Anderson
Il101'111 OlympiC ~ibralY System
<,;teve Pendleton, M.~h T-Ibal Council
"4:uvey Schuch, Qulleute TrI,.
Glen Cutler. City of Pert Angeles
R:,,"a,j ".Ibot, Jeffef$on CQunty
JoM RobOtl'l. JlmestQWll Tril)e
Dan F>nn~It, Olishow. America
eren: Gagnon. West Waste & Recydlng
OQ" H.wkins, Murrey's OillPQsal
Carol Brown
Peninsula College Ubrary
PropQnenl
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Final Draft
GLOSSARY
Thc following definitions arc provided for various tcrms uscd in the Clallam County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan:
Avoided (disposal) cost: the disposal cost(s) avoided (not paid) due to the use of alternative
methods of handling waste, such as waste reduction or recycling.
Biomedical waste: infectious and injurious waste originating from a medical, veterinary, or
intermediate care facility.
Biosolids: includes sludge from the treatment of sewage at a wastewater treatment plant and
semisolid waste pumped from a septic system, that has been treated to meet standards for
beneficial use.
Buy-back recycling center: a facility that pays people for recyclable materials.
Commercial solid waste: solid waste generated by non-industrial businesses. This includes waste
from businesses that fall into the following categories; construction; transportation,
communications and utilities; wholesale trades~ retail trades~ finance, insurance and real estate~
other services; and government.
Commingled: recyclable matcrials that havc been collcctcd separately from garbagc by the
generator, but the recyclable materials have been mixed together in the same container.
Composting: the controllcd biological decomposition of yard wastc to producc a humus-like final
product that can be used as a soil amendment. In this plan, backyard composting means a small-
scalc activity pcrformcd by homcowners on thcir own propcrty, using yard wastes that they
generate. Centralized composting refers to either drop-off or processing locations operated by a
municipality or a business.
Corrugated cardboard (OCC): recyclable kraft liner cartons with corrugated inner liners, as
typically used to ship materials. This generally does not include waxed cardboard or paperboard
(cereal boxes, microwave and similar food boxes, etc.), but kraft grocery bags are included.
Curbside recycling: the act of collecting recyclable materials directly from residential generators,
usually after the recyclable materials have becn placed at the curb (or at the side of the street if no
curb exists in the area) by the residents.
EP A: the United States Environmental Protection Agency~ the federal agency responsible for
promulgation and enforcement of federal environmental regulations.
Ferrous materials: materials that are predominantly (over 75% by weight) made of iron. Includes
cans and various iron and steel alloys that contain enough iron such that magnets adhere to them,
but for recycling this generally does not include paint cans or other containers that may contain
hazardous residues.
Groundwatcr: watcr prcsent in subsurface geological dcposits (aquifcrs).
Glossary
Page G-l
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Maoagement Plan, Final Draft
HDPE: high-density polyethylene, a type of plastic, commonly used in milk, detergent, and
bleach bottles and other containers. Also use~ for lining and capping landfills.
Household hazardous waste: wastes that would be classified as hazardous due to their nature or
characteristics, except that the amount is too small to be regulated. Includes aerosol cans,
solvents, some paints, cleaners, pesticides, herbicides, compressed gases, oil, other petroleum
products, car batteries and other materials.
Industrial waste: solid waste generated by various manufacturing companies. Includes waste
generated by businesses that manufacture the following products; food, textile mill products,
apparel. lumber, paper, printing, chemicals, stone, clay, glass, fabricated metals, equipment, and
miscellaneous other products. Does not include hazardous wastes generated by these industries.
Inert wastes: includes wastes that are inert in nature, such as concrete, rocks, gravel. and bricks.
Mixed paper: all other types of paper not included in newspaper, cardboard or high-grade papers.
Includes materials such as "junk mail", magcJ7.1nes, books, paperboard (non-corrugated
cardboard), and colored printing and writing papers.
MSW: municipal solid waste, see solid waste.
Mulching: 1) leaving grass clippings on the lawn when mowing; 2) placing yard wastes,
compost, wood chips or other materials on the ground in gardens or around trees and shrubs to
discourage weeds and retain moisture.
Non-ferrous: non-ferrous materials (other than aluminum cans), including products that are
predominantly made of copper, lead, brass, tin, aluminum, and other metals except for iron.
OAPCA: the Olympic Air Pollution Control Authority; an agency with regulatory and
enforcement authority for air pollution issues in Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Mason,
Pacific, and Thurston Counties.
PET: polyethylene terephthalate, a type of plastic. Commonly used to refer to 2-1iter beverage
bottles, although other containers are also increasingly being made from this material, including
liquid and solid materials such cooking oil, liquor, peanut butter, and many other food or
household products.
Public education: a broad effort to present and distribute public information materials.
Public information: the development of educational materials for the public, including brochures,
videos, and public service announcements.
RCW: Revised Code of Washington.
Recycling: the act of collecting and/or processing source-separated materials in order to return
them to a usage similar in nature to their previous use.
Reusable items: items that may be reused (or easily repaired), including things such as small
electronic goods, household items such as dishes, and furniture.
Glossary
Page G-2
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
Self-haul waste: waste that is brought to a landfill or transfer station by the person (residential
self-haul) or company (non-residential or commercial self-haul) that created the waste.
Septage: a semisolid waste consisting of settled sewage solids combined with varying amounts of
water and dissolved materials. lbis waste is pumped from a septic tank systcm.
Sewage sludge: the' concentrated solids derived from the treatment of sewage at a municipal
wastewater treatment plant. See also biosolids.
Solid waste: all putrescible and nonputrescible solid and semisolid wastes, including, but not
limited to, garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill, demolition and construction wastes,
abandoned vehicles and parts thereof, discarded commodities, biosolids (sewage sludge and
septage), wood waste, and special wastes.
Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SW AC): a group assisting Clallam County with the
development of this comprehensive solid waste maDagement plan, composed of representatives
from the general public, private industry, local government, the National Park, the Makah Tribal
Council, and Clallam County.
Special wastes: wastes that have particular characteristics such that they present special handling
and/or disposal problems.
Source-separated: recyclable materials that have been removed from garbage or other forms of
solid waste by the waste generator. lbis mayor may not include keeping different types of
recyclable materials separate from each other (see source-segregated and commingling).
Transfer station: an intermediate solid waste disposal facility at which solid waste collected from
any source is temporarily deposited to await transportation to a final disposal site.
WAC: Washington Administrative Code.
Waste prevention or waste reduction: reducing the amount or type of solid waste that is
generated. Also defined by state rules to include reducing the toxicity of wastes.
WDOE: Washington State Department of Ecology.
WUTC: Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission.
Yard debris: includes leaves, grass clippings, brush, and branches up to six inches in diameter.
Glossary
Page G-3
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
REFERENCES
Beck 1988. R.W. Beck & Associates. Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study for City of Port
Angeles, December 1988.
Biocycle 1998. Biocycle magazine, The State of Garbage in America, April 1998.
California Solid Waste Management Board, Technical Bulletin No.2, Solid Waste Generation
Factors in California, July 1974.
Ecology 1990. Washington State Department of Ecology. Guidelines for the Development of
Local Solid Waste Management Plans and Plan Revisions, March 15, 1990.
Ecology 1993. Washington State Department of Ecology. 1992 Washington State Waste
Characterization Study, July 1993.
Ecology 1994. Washington State Department of Ecology. Interim Guidelines for Compost
Quality, Publication 94-38, April 1994.
Ecology 1997a. Washington State Department of Ecology. 1996 Washington State Recycling
Survey.
Ecology 1 997b. Washington State Department of Ecology. Draft Compost Facility Resource
Handbook, Publication 97-502, June 1997.
Lein 1990. Personal communication from Mike Lein, Carvcr County, Minnesota staff, as quoted
in The Solid Waste ~orum, Public Works Magazine, March 1990.
"
MOEA 1998. Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance. Assessment of the Effect ofMSW
Management on Resource Conservation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, September 3, 1998.
OAPCA 1998. Information provided verbally by Olympic Air Pollution Control Agency
(OAPCA) staffperson to Mikel Baxter (Ecology staff person), 1998.
OFM 1996. Washington State Office of Financial Management. Washington State County
Population Projections by Age and Sex: 1990 - 2020, January 1996.
OFM 1997. Washington State Office of Financial Management. 1997 Population Trends,
September 1997.
Parametrix 1993. Parametrix, Inc. Solid Waste Disposal Feasibility Study, October 1993.
PSR 1983. Paul S. Running & Associates. Makah Comprehcnsive Solid Waste Management
Plan, June 30, 1983 \
..:}
PSR 1989. Personal communication; letter dated November 9, 1989, from Paul S. Running to
Steve Hauff, Clallam County staff.
References
Page R-l
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
PSR 1991. Paul S. Running & Associatcs. Clallam County Hazardous Waste Managemcnt Plan,
May 1991.
Rcsourcc Recycling 1998. Resourcc Rccycling magazinc. Sustaining 65 Pcrcent Waste
Diversion, by Bob Argue, May, 1998.
SCS 1988. SCS Engineers. City of Forks Waste-te-Energy Feasibility Study, November 1988.
SCS 1993. SCS Engineers. Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan,
April 1993.
Tetra Tech 1988. Tetra Tech, Inc. Clallam County Watershed Ranking Project for the
Management ofNonpoint Source Pollution, December 1988.
USDC 1991. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1990 U.S. Census
of Population and Housing, County and Place Profiles, Clallam County, July 1991.
WSDA 1998. Washington State Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1996 - 1997 Washington State Agricultural Statistics Bulletin, 1998.
WSU 1998. Washington State University Coopcrative Extension Service. Bulletin, Farm Fresh
in Clallam County, Second Annual Guide to Farms in Our Neighborhood, 1998.
WUTC 1997. Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission. Cost Asscssment
Guidelines for Local Solid Waste Management Planning, January 1997.
References
Page R-2
11
ClalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. Filial DIaft
APPENDIX A
SlJl\.flv1ARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FROM RELATED PLANS
T.....'" ..
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FROM RELATED PLANS
INTRODUCTION
Following are summaries of recommendations from other plans and studies that have a bearing on this
Comprehcnsive Solid Waste Management Plan (CSWMP).
CLALLAM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
Clallam County's Comprehensive Land Use Plan is Title 31 of the County Code, and was adopted
. through Ordinance Number 175 on December 28, 1982. This plan became effective on January 24, 1983,
and has been amended a number of times since that date. The most recent revision of this plan was
adopted June 27, 1995 (Chapters 31.01, 31.02 and 31.07).
CLALLAM COUNTY ZONING CODE
An important set of rulcs concerning solid waste management activities is the Clallam County Zoning
Code. The County's zoning code was adopted December 29, 1982 through Ordinance Number 176, and
has been amended since then. The zoning code classifies parcels according to permitted uses. Under
Section 33.50.110 of the Clallam County Code, solid waste disposal facilities are pcrmitted only as
conditional uses in certain specified zones. This requires the issuance of a Conditional Use Permit by the
County Board of Adjustment, which is written with stipulations and conditions to insure compatibility
with surrounding land uses. Disposal facilities may be located as conditional uses in the following land
use zones:
Forestry 1 F 1
Forestry Residcntial F3
Rural Residential I RR I
Rural Residential 2 RR2
Rural Residential 3 RR3
Quileute Residential QRl
Mixed Use G 1
State-approved hazardous waste disposal facilities as defmcd by the Washington State Solid Waste
Management Act are allowed as a conditional use only in the Forestry 1 and Forestry Residential zones.
CLALLAM COUNTY HAZARDOUS WASTE PLAN
The Clallam County Hazardous Waste Management Plan was completed in May 1991. The Plan
addresses moderate-risk waste generatcd in Clallam County, as required by Ch. 70.105 RCW.
Recommendations made by the Hazardous Waste Management Plan include:
~ public and business information and education.
~ collection and storage of moderate-risk waste at Port Angeles Landfill.
~ col~ection of used motor oil and antifreeze at County transfer stations.
Page A-I
Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations from Related Plans
II"' -~.,--..
,
CIaUam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaDagement Plan, Final Dmft
~ transpOrtation of the collected moderate-waste to a hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility.
~ a new County policy assigning responsibility for managing moderate-risk waste to the waste
generator.
FORKS WASTE- TO-ENERGY FEASmILITY STUDY
This study was prepared for the City of Forks by SCS Engineers and Envirosphere and was completed in
October 1988. The study examined the feasibility of a waste-to-energy facility for the west end of
Clallam County. This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic
Development Administration. The major reason for conducting the study was the imminent closure of the
nearby Lake Creek Landfill.
The Forks Waste-to-Energy Study concluded that a waste-to-energy facility for general solid w8ste would
not be cost-effective for Forks or for the west end ofClallam County. The study concluded that a pile
bumer/lumber dry kiln might be cost-effective for disposal of wood waste only. The most economical
approach for solid waste handling was concluded to be a transfer station for transporting the waste to the
Port Angeles Landfill.
LAKE CREEK LANDFILL HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
A hydrogeologic investigation of the Lake Creek Landfill near Forks was conducted by SCS Engineers in
late 1988 and early 1989. Its purpose was to develop information for designing the closure of the landfill
and to develop a system for post-closure groundwater monitoring. An upgradient and three downgradient
monitoring wells were installed and seasonal baseline water quality monitoring was performed. . SCS
designed the closure of the landfill, including grading, a synthetic membrane cap, and landfill gas venting
system. SCS also provided a post-closure monitoring plan in accordance with ~OE guidelines.
MAKAB SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
A solid waste management plan was developed in 1983 for the Makah Indian Tribe. At the time,
residents of the Makah Reservation generated about 600 tons per year of solid waste, about 3/4 of which
was disposed of at an open dump on the Reservation; the rest was disposed of off the Reservation. The
plan recommended closure of the existing dump and construction ofa transfer facility to allow transport
of solid waste to another landfill. The implementation of these recommendations has been delayed by
difficulties in funding these changes.
PORT ANGELES COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
The City of Port Angeles developed a Comprehensive Land Use Plan in 1976. As with the County Land
Usc Plan, solid wastc management is not dircctly addrcssed. One of the gcneral policies which may have
some bearing on solid waste management is "whenever economies would result without a reduction in the
quality or level of servicc, city facilities and services should be combined with county facilities and
services" .
Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations from Related Plans
PageA-2
1J
CIalIam County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final DIaft
PORT ANGELES LANDFILL OPERATION PLAN
A study of the future operation of the Port Angeles Landfill prepared for the City of Port Angeles by
R.W. Beck and Associates was completed in December 1988. The Operation Plan provides for continued
filling of the existing unlined 9-acre active area until November 1989 when a new, lined area will be built
and the existing active area closed. Closure of the old and construction of the new areas will be in
accordance with the State Minimum Functional Standards. The Operating Plan briefly addresses items
such as slopes, daily cover, intermediate and final cover, access and haul roads, surface drainage, landfill
gas venting, leachate control, and monitoring of groundwater and landfill gas. The Operating Plan also
discusses control of incoming wastes, personnel, structures, equipment, fill procedures, emergency
operations, inspections, maintenance, and includes a preliminary estimate of closure and post-closure
costs .
PORT ANGELES ZONING CODE
The City of Port Angeles classifies "dumps" in section 12 (M-2-Industrial District) of the City of Port
Angeles Zoning Code as "any manufacturing, processing, commercial or industrial use not heretofore
listed which may be classified M-2 because of possible obnoxious odors, noises, smoke or unsightliness."
The Zoning Code defines a "dump" as "an area devoted to the disp.osal of refuse, including incineration,
reduction or dumping of ashes, garbage, combustible or non-combustible refuse."
PORT ANGELES W ASTE- TO-ENERGY STUDY
A study on waste-to-energy feasibility prepared for the City of Port Angeles by R.W. Beck and
Associates was completed in December 1988. This study analyzed a variety of options for waste-to-
energy facilities and concluded that costs would range from $63.18 per ton to $129.42 per ton (1988
figures, levelized costs for a period of twenty years). The least expensive option ($63.18 per ton)
assumed generation and sale of steam to Daishowa America, a matching grant from the Washington State
Department of Ecology for 50% of the capital costs, and some form ofwaste flow control by the City.
Flow control would be necessary to ensure a steady supply of waste for the incinerator, but waste would
have to come from an area larger than the city's boundaries. The study recommended that the City and
County work together to develop a solid waste management plan that would provide the framework and
basis for further exploration of a waste-to-energy facility.
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FEASmILITY STUDY
A study on disposal alternatives for the City of Port Angeles was completed in October 1993 by
Parametrix, Inc. This study analyzed four alternatives on disposal of waste and compared these to the
base option of continuing to use the existing landfill. The four alternatives included waste export, a
waste-to-energy facility, a new in-county landfill, and a waste processing facility. These alternatives
were analyzed for several criteria, such as cost, technical feasibility, environmental risk, reliability, and
other factors. The study recommended in favor of waste export for the future disposal system for Port
Angeles and Clallam County. This recommendation was based primarily on the conclusion that waste
export is reliable, presents the lowest environmental risks, and is the least expensive option.
Appendix A: Summary of Recommendations from Related Plans
Page A-3
CJa11sam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaDagemeDt Plan, Final DIaft
APPENDIX B
RESOLUTIONS OF ADOPTION
. ......,...,.T. .~
Cla11am County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
APPENDIX B
RESOLUTIONS OF ADOPTION
NOTICE:
In the final copy of this plan, this appendix will document the adoption process by showing resolutions of
adoption from the municipalities and tribal councils.
Appendix B: Resolutions of Adoption
Page B-1
".
C1allam CouDly Comprebeusive Solid Waste Management Plan, Final Draft
APPENDIX C
WUTC COST ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE
. "'T',,,..~" -..,." ...
O_lbun CowIIy Compn'heDsi\'c Solid Wille ~~ PlaD. Filial Draft
APPENDIX C
WUTC COST ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE
INTRODUCTION
By State law (RCW 70.95.090), solid waste management plans are required to include:
"an assessment of the plan's impact on the costs of solid waste collection. The
assessment shall be prepared in conformance with guidelines established by the Utilities
and Transportation Commission (WUTC or Commission). The Commission shall
cooperate with the Washington state association of counties and the association of
Washington cities in establishing such guidelines"
The following cost assessment has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines prepared by the
WUTC (WUTC 1997). The purpose of this cost assessmcnt is not only to allow an assessment of the
impact of proposed activities on current garbage collection and disposal rates, but to allow projections of
future rate impacts as well. The wurc needs this information to review the plan's impacts to the
franchised waste haulers that it regulates, of which there are two in Clallam County (Murrey's Disposal
dba Olympic Disposal and West Waste & Recycling). For these haulers, WUTC is responsible for setting
collection rates and approving proposed rate changes. Hence, wurc will review the cost assessment to
determine if it provides adequate information for rate-setting purposes, and will also advise Clallam
County as to the probable collection rate impacts of proposed programs. Consistent with this purpose, the
cost assessment describes primarily those programs (implemented or recommcnded) with potential rate
impacts.
SUMMARY
In the near term (over the next five or six years), the current and proposed solid waste programs in
Clallam County will have only minor impacts on collection and disposal rates. In 2006, however, the
County is facing a major change in the solid waste system as the Port Angeles Landfill is closed and
waste export is implemented for the remainder of the County (waste export is already conducted for the
west end). Ideally, it would be preferable to be able to predict how this change will affect the tipping fee
for this part of the County, but several key decisions still must be made before future costs can be
projected. These decisions include the location(s) and design of transfer stations to support waste export,
the parties participating in the waste export system (and hence the subsequent waste volumes), the degree
of privatization of the new system, funding mechanisms and other issues. It was the prefcrence of the
SWAC and others that these decisions not be made in this Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
(CSWMP), but instead the CSWMP outlines the proccss that will be followed to achieve consensus on
these points in the near futurc. Thus, tipping fec projections will need to be addressed at that time also.
Appendix C: WUTC Cost Assessment Questionnaire
Page C-l
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Cbttlam Couaty ComprdIeDsive Solid Watc Manaaen-t Plan, Filial DIaft
~
APPENDIX D
GARBAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL RATES
Clallam County Comprehensive Solid Waste MaDagcmc:nt Plan, Final DIaft
APPENDIX D
GARBAGE COLLECTION RATES
INTRODUCTION
The following pages show garbage collection rates currently effective in Clallam County. These rates are
current as of early 1999, and are subject to change.
CONTENTS
The rates shown in the following pages (and the order in which they are shown) are for:
~ the City of Port Angeles.
~ . the City of Sequim.
~ Olympic Disposal (Murrey's Disposal dba Olympic Disposal).
~ West Waste & Recycling.
Appendix D: Garbage Collection and Disposal Rates
Page D-I
-
Sections:
13.54.010
13.54.020
13.54.030
13.54.035
13.54.040
13.54.045
13.54.050
13.54.060
13.54.065
13.54.070
13.54.080
13.54.090
13.54.100
CITY OF PORT ANGELES
13.54.010
13.54.020
Ch~nter 13.54
GARBAGE COLLECTION
Compliance with Chapter Required.
Defmitions.
Compulsory Service.
Cleanup Obligation.
Rates Schedule.
Lien for Unpaid Garbage Collection Services.
Containers Used by City.Residents Only.
Container Requirements.
Recycling Container Requirements.
Unacceptable WasteS Designated.
Garbage - Draining, Wrapping and Sanitary Conditions Required.
Private Collectors - Equipment Regulations.
Assistance to Elderly and/or Handicapped.
13.54.010 Compliance with Chapter ReQuired. It is unlawful for any person to burn.
dump, collect. remove or in any other manner dispose of garbage. rubbish. trash. offal. and any
other waste upon or over any of the streets. alleys. public places or private property within the
City otherwise than as provided in this Chapter. (Ord. 2317 ~3. 10/26/84)
13.54.020 Definitions. For the purposes of this Chapter. the following words and
phrases have the meanings respectively ascribed to them by this Section:
A. "Ashes" means solid waste products produced after the combustion of coal. wood.
other fuels, and other combustible material.
B. "Cit~ business" means any business whose principal place of business is within
the City limits of Port Angeles.
C. "City resident" means any person residing within the legal City limits of Port
Angeles.
D. "Collector of refuse" means the Solid Waste Utility within the Department of
Public Works and any person having a contract with or license from the City for the removal of
refuse. or any State-licensed refuse collector operating outside the City.
E. "Commercial dwelling" means a building or group of buildings designed. intended
for. or used for any purpose other than single or multiple dwellings. and shall include office
buildings. Any building or group of buildings where combined residence and business is
practiced. where such business is advenised by a sign of any type on the premises and/or is listed
in the telephone directory as a business. shall be classified as commercial. unless specifically
exempted by the City Manager or his designee. based on the services rendered.
13 - 71
6/93
1
13.54.020
F. "Container" means a receptacle which is of the type approved by the City and
furnished by the City for use with its mechanical refuse collection system. The container shall
not be less than 60 gallons nor more than 300 gallons in capacity. The two types of containers
are roll-out containers and stationary containers. Roll-out containers are 60 or 90 gallons in
capacity and have wheels for ease in moving the containers. Stationary containers are 300
gallons in capacity and are used in alleys and for commercial applications.
G. "Contractor" means any authorized person contracting with or having a license or
permit to collect and dispose of refuse in the City, or his authorized agent.
. H. "Dangerous waste" means any discarded, useless, unwanted, or abandoned
nonradioactive substances, including but not limited to certain pesticides or any residues or
containers of such substances which are disposed of in such quantity or concentration as to pose
a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, wildlife, or the environment because
such wastes or constituents or combinations of such wastes:
1. have shortlived, toxic properties that may cause death, injury or illness or
have mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic properties; or
2. are corrosive, explosive, flammable, or may generate pressure through
decomposition or other means.
I. "Dead animals" means all animals, large or small, which may die or be killed for
other than food purposes.
J. "Director" means the Director of Public Works for the City of Port Angeles, and
his authorized supervisors.
K. "Garbage" means all putrescible animal or vegetable wastes resulting from
handling, preparation, cooking and consumption of food in any private dwelling house, multiple
dwelling, hotel, restaurant, building or institution.
L. "Health officer" means the City or County health officer as defined by the laws
of the State.
M. "Landfill" means the Sanitary Landfill disposal area as administered and regulated
by the City under Chapter 13.56 PAMC.
N. "Multiple dwelling" means a building or group of buildings designed as, or
intended for. or used as two or more dwellings, such as apartments, rooming houses, multiple
houses or courts and tenant houses; provided such building or group of buildings are under
common ownership and have a common refuse disposal site; and provided further, that such
group of buildings by nature of construction or reference infer multiplex dwelling, except tourist
courts, motels, hotels and trailer couns, or any other establishment catering to transient residents:
and provided that, for the purpose of this Chapter, three rooms shall be equal to one apartment
and any number of rooms shall be billed to the nearest multiple of three.
O. "Offal" means waste animal matter from butcher, slaughterer or packing houses.
P. "Person" means every person, firm, partnership, association, institution and
corporation. The terms also mean the occupant or owner of the premises for which service is
rendered pursuant to this Chapter.
Q. "Recycling Container" means a receptacle which is of the type approved by the
City and furnished by the recycling contractor for the collection of recyclable materials.
6/93
13 - 72
13.54.020
13.54.040
R. "Recyclable materialS" includes all metals. all glass. some plastics (at a minimum.
two-liter soda bot!les and gallon milk jugs), and some paper (at a minimum newsprint.
cardboard, ledger paper, and computer paper).
S. "Refuse" means garbage, rubbish, trash, and offal, as defined herein, placed and
stored together in a standard refuse container.
T. "Rubbish" means all cardboard, plastic, metal. glass, food containers, wastepaper.
rags, sweepings, small pieces of wood, excelsior, rubber, leather and similar waste materials that
ordinarily accumulate around a home, business or industry including lawn cuttings. It does not
include bulk waste, tree and hedge trimmings, dead animals, dangerous wastes, hazardous
materials, industrial waste or building waste resulting from construction or alterations.
U. "Sanitation service charge" means a charge imposed by the City Council for the
services perfonned by the Solid Waste Utility.
V. "Single dwelling" means a building designed as, or intended for, or used as, a
residence for a single family or a group of persons other than a single family, using such
building as a single housekeeping unit.
W. "Trash" means all waste matter not subject to decay or putrefaction which. for the
purpose of this Chapter, includes ashes.
X. "Waste" and "wastes" means all discarded materials and/or substances.
Y. "Yard Wastes" includes leaves, grass, flowers, etc., as well as branches and
pruning, less than four inches (4") in diameter and four feet (4') in length. "Yard Wastes"
excludes food waste, metals, plastics, and synthetic fibers, lumber with metals, any wood or tree
limbs over four inches (4") in diameter and four feet (4') in length, and contaminated soils.
(Ord. 2630, 91.411/91; Ord. 2317 92, 10/26/84)
13.54.030 Compulsory Service. It is compulsory to take a collection service for refuse
provided by the City within the City, except as provided in this Chapter. Every residence within
the City receiving water from the City Water Utility shall be billed for the collection of refuse
at the same time such residence is billed for water. and shall pay for such collection service in
the same manner and within the same limits of time as are furnished for the payment of charges
for water furnished to such residence. and at the minimum rate provided in Section 13.54.040.
(Ord. 2317 93. 10/26/84)
13.54.035 Cleanup Obli!:!ation. It is unlawful for any person in possession, charge or
control of any premises in the City, knowing that such refuse has been deposited by the elements.
animals. or other causes. upon public property, or private property not owned or occupied by
such person. to fail to clean up such refuse so deposited in a period of 24 hours. If the refuse
is not cleaned up within twenty-four (24) hours, the City may clean up the refuse and bill the
person for the costs of cleanup and administration. Such bill shall be a minimum of $100. (Ord.
2630 92. 411/91; Ord. 2317 93, 10/26/84)
13.54.040 Rates Schedule.
A. The rate for the collection of refuse shall be $19.80 per month per single dwelling,
whether a 60/90 or 300 gallon container is used.
13 - 73
12/93
11
13.54.040
B. The rate for the collection of refuse other than for a single dwelling in City-owned
containers, shall be as follows:
NUMBER OF
PICKUPS PER CONTAINER CAPACITY
WEEK 60/90231. 300 231.
1 $19.80 $ 68.60
2 39.60 137.20
3 59.40 205.80
4 79.20 274.40
5 99.00 343.00
6 118.80 411.60
C. The rate for the collection of refuse in non-City-owned containers for other public
agencies shall be as follows:
NUMBER OF
PICKUPS PER
WEEK 300 231.
1 $ 63.60
2 132.20
3 200.80
4 269.40'
5 D8.00
6 406.60
D. The rate for the collection of refuse for a federal agency using City-owned
containers shall be as follows:
NUMBER OF
PICKUPS PER CONTAINER CAPACITY
WEEK 60/90 gal. 300 gal.
1 $18.90 $ 65.40
2 37.80 130.90
3 56.70 196.30
4 75.60 261.80
5 94.40 327.20
6 113.30 392.70
E. The rate for the collection of refuse for a federal agency using non-City-owned
containers shall be as follows:
NUMBER OF
PICKUPS PER
WEEK 300 gal.
1 $ 60.70
2 126.10
3 191.60
4 257.00
5 322.50
6 387.90
F. The rate for collection of loose refuse yardage placed outside the container shall
be $5 per estimated additional yard of refuse, with a $5 minimum additional charge for each
collection.
7/94
13 - 74
13.S4.040
13.S4.060
G. The rate for returning to collect a container where the customer has 'not placed the
container in the appropriate place of collection, or where the container was blocked by a parked
vehicle and where the customer has been advised of the problem at least once, shall be 55 for
each return occurrence.
H. The rate for special requests to collect bulky items or provide a service not
otherwise described in this rate section shall be the hourly rate for equipment; materials,
landfilling costs, and labor used in the service, with a 55 minimum charge for each occurrence.
(Ord. 2814~1, 7/"1/94; Ord. 2784 U, 1/1/94; Ord. 2733 U, 1/15/93; Ord., 2729 ~1, 1/1/93;
Ord. 2630 ~3, 7/1/91; Ord. 2599 ~l, 811/90; Ord. 2540 U, 7/1189; Ord. 2436 U, 3/1/87; Ord.'
2378 ~1, 2/7/86; Ord. 2354 ~1, 9/1/85; Ord. 2317 ~3, 10/26/84)
13.54.045 Lien for Unpaid Garbaee Collection Services. Upon failure to pay the charges
for garbage collection services as set forth in this Chapter, the amount thereof shall become a
lien against the property for which the garbage collection service is rendered. Said lien shall be
subject to foreclosure as provided for in RCW 35.21.140 and .150, by filing with the County
Auditor a notice of the City's lien, specifying the charges, the period covered by the charges,
and giving the legal description of the premises sought to be charged. (Ord. 2354 ~ 1, 9/1/85)
13.54.050 Containers Used by City Residents Only. No person other than City residents
or City businesses shall dispose of garbage, trash, rubbish, offal, or any other waste, in the City-
owned containers. (Ord. 2317 ~3, 10/26/84)
13.54.060 Container Requirements.
A. Required. It shall be the duty of every person in possession, charge or control
of any single dwelling, multiple dwelling, or commercial dwelling where waste is created or
accumulated, at all times to use City-owned containers, or other containers as approved by the
Director, in accordance with this Chapter and to deposit or cause to be deposited refuse therein.
I f such a person is furnished a roll-out container, then such person shall be responsible for
maintaining the container in a clean condition.
B. Sunken cans and containers shall be prohibited.
C. Location. No containers shall be kept or stored within the confines of any street
or public alley in the City, except as otherwise provided in this Chapter. In blocks in which
there are alleys, stationary containers shall be kept on private property in a convenient and
accessible location adjacent to such alley; provided that stationary containers may be located in
City alley rights-of-way if the Director determines that such placement is safe and practical. In
blocks where there are no alleys, roll-out containers shall be kept on private property until the
day of collection; provided that such roll-out containers shall be placed so that the lid opens
toward the collection vehicle when it is dumped and in a readily accessible location to the
traveled roadway of the street near the curb so that the automated collection vehicle can reach
them on the appropriate day and time; and provided further that such roll-out containers shall be
removed from the curb within 24 hours after their collection.
For multiple dwellings and commercial dwellings, the stationary containers shall
be placed in a readily accessible location on private property, as approved by the Director for
collection using the mechanized vehicle.
13 - 75
7/94
~
13.54.060
13.54.070
Mobile home parks sbaJl be required to provide central storage areas throughout the
mobile home parks for the location of refuse containers; provided that DO individual mobile home
owner shall be required to walk more than ISO feet in any direction from his mobile home to deposit
or pick up his waste in the containers.
D. Special Containers. Suitable containers, such as compactor units and drop boxes,
may, with permission from the Director, be used by establishments which dispose of refuse in such
quantity that containers, as defined in this Chapter, would be imp~cal or inefficient. These
containers shall be kept in good condition with close-fitting lids and watertight construction. Should
the condition deteriorate, the Dir~or may, upon notification in writing to the owner, require the
container to be replaced or rePaired within 48 hours.
E. Prohibited Materials.
1. No rocks or dirt are to be placed in containers.
2. No manure, animal droppings, or human excrement are to be placed in
containers, but such are to be placed in separate containers and hauled by the owner to the Landtill
at the owners expense.
3. No tree or hedge trimmings are to be placed in containers unless cut to
appropriate lengths that will not damage the containers or impede collection.
F. Container Damage and Replacement. If any container shall be damaged through abuse
by a residential or commercial user, the user shall replace the same or pay for its repair. (Ord.2317
~3, 10/26/84)
13 54065 Recyclini Container Requirements.
A. Recyclable materials shall be deposited into City-provided recycling containers, or
other containers as approved by the Director. Panicipation in the recycling program shall be
voluntary .
B. Recycling containers shall be placed at the location and time designated by the City
for collection and shall be removed from that location within 24 hours after their collection.
C. All materials deposited into the City-provided recycling containers are the property
of the City. No unauthorized person shall scavenge, separate, collect, carry off, or dispose of, such
materials unless authorized to do so by written permit of the Director.
D . Yard waste to be collected shall be placed at the location and time designated by the
City for collection. Yard waste. shall be placed in approved containers for collection and such
containers shall be removed from the collection location within 24 hours after collection.
E. No materials other than recyclable materials as defined herein and as designated by
the Director shall be placed in recycling containers. The presence of nonrecyclable materials will
cause the container to be treated as refuse and a special pick-up charge assessed to the account.
F. If any recycling container shall be damaged through the abuse of the user, the user
shall replace the same or pay for its replacement or repair. (Ord. 2630 ~4, 4/1/91)
13 54 070 Unacc~ptable Wastes Desiinated. The following wastes shall be considered
unacceptable for collection, or disposal at the Landfill, without the special permission of the Director
and a payment of a negotiated fee and/or special disposal conditions:
A. Dangerous Wastes.
B. Unusual quantities of materials resulting from the repair, excavation., or construction
of buildings or structures, such as earth, plaster, mortar and roofing materials.
10/97
13 - 76
".
13.54.070
13.56.010
Materials which have not been prepared for collection in ~rdance with these
C.
regulations.
D.
E.
10/16/84)
Dead animals.
Waste Orig;nRt1l\g outside Clallam County. (Ord. 2569 tl, 3/14/90; Ord. 2317 t2,
J 3 54 080 Garbaie - Tmlinini WM\Ppini and Sanitaty Conditions ReqJ.lired.
A All gatbage sbaI1 be drained of liquids and wrapped in paper or other material before
being deposited in the container. The City may refuse to collect undrained garbage which is in a
liquid or semi-liquid state, unwrapped and improperly placed.
B. The owner or person in charge of the- place where refuse containers are located shall
maintain the place in a clean and sanitary condition, except where such condition is caused by
someone or something for which the owner or person in charge is not legally responsible. (Ord. 2317
t3, 10/26/84)
13 54 090 Private Collectors - EQJlipment ReiUlations.
A Enclosed Bodies of Refuse Collection Vehicles. All private vehicles used for the
collection or disposal ofwaste, for hire in the City, shall have enclosed bodies, or suitable provisions
for covering the bodies. The use of a tarpaulin or canvas cover to enclose open bodies of collection
vehicles may be permitted upon approval of the Director.
B. Watertight Garbage Collection Vehicles. Vehicles used for the collection or disposal
of garbage or any other wastes shall have watertight metal bodies of easily cleanable construction.
(Ord. 2317 93, 10/26/84)
13 54 100 Assistance to Elderly and/or Handicl\Pped. If elderly, handicapped, and/or
disabled residents have difficulty disposing of their refuse and have no other available alternative for
complying with the requirements of this Chapter, they may notify the Solid Waste Utility, which may
arrange to assist in providing special collection service to such individuals at no extra cost. (Ord.
2317 93, 10/26/84)
Sections:
13.56.010
13.56.020
13.56.030
13.56.040
13.56.043
13.56.045
13.56.047
13.56.050
13.56.060
~h~ter 13 56
SANIT ARY LANDFILL
Definitions.
Rate - Commercial and Outside City.
Rate - Special Items.
Rate - Certain Charitable Organizations.
Governmental Solid Waste Utility Rate.
Commercial Compacted Rate.
Large Volume Demolition Debris Rate.
Junked or Wrecked Automotive Vehides Prohibited.
Landfill Disposal Area Regulations.
. 13 56010 Definitions. The definitions set forth in PAMC 13.54.020 are hereby adopted by
thiS reference for the purpose of this Chapter. In addition, as used in this Chapter, the following
terms have the following meanings:
~
^,nn
.- -
13.56.010
13.56.020
A. "Commercial user" means any person hauling refuse ftom, or as a result ot: any
business, commercial or industrial enterprise, regardless of where said enterprise is located.
B. "Non-City user" means any user of the Sanitary Landfill site who resides outside of
the City limits and/or who hauls refuse that is generated outside the City limits.
C. "Covered load" means that material to be deposited in the Sanitary Landfill that is
contained or restrained, such that the material cannot fall, slip or otherwise escape from the vehicle
in which it is tranSpOrted to the Sanitary Landfm, and thereby be deposited onto a roadway or
property adjacent to the roadway. (Ord. 2317 ~, 10/26/84)
13 56 020 Rates.
A. All Landfill users shall be charged and shall pay the following rates for dumping refuse
at the Sanitary Landfill site (except as set forth herein):
Rate
$76.80 per ton with a $2.00 minimum charge.
B. In addition to the fees established by subsection A of this Section, uncovered loads
shall be charged an additional $5 fee.
C. Refuse requiring special handling, including but not limited to asbestos and low level
radioactive materials, shall be charged $190 per ton; provided that the minimum charge for refuse
requiring special handling shall be 5190. Special handling includes manifesting, immediate burial,
hand unloading and/or placement in the disposal pit by Landfill crews.
D. (1) Landfill users' clean yard waste, as determined by the Landfill attendant, that may
be convened to compost will not be charged a fee except as provided in subsection D(2) of this
section.
(2) Commercial loads of yard waste and other debris capable of being convened to
compost shall be charged fees as follows:
a. $20.00 per ton for loads transponed to the landfill in a truck larger than
3/4 ton and/or a trailer longer than eight feet.
b. $30.00 per ton for stumps larger than six inches in diameter at the butt
cut.
c. Loads of yard waste and other debris capable of being converted to
compost shall not be charged a fee for material that the City's compo sting contractor is able to sell
and is thereby able to cover the cost of handling the material.
E. The Director may waive the Landfill fee for disposal of refuse and litter which is
collected and disposed of as a pan of a City-sponsored beautification or cleanup program.
F. Recyclable materials being recycled at the Landfill will not be charged a fee.
G. The landfill tonnage rate shall be reduced by 4.6% for solid waste collectors who have
filed a certificate of exemption under WAC 458-20-250 from payment of the 4.6% solid waste
collection tax, so that the rate in effect on Aprill, 1994, shall be 573.27.
H. The landfill tonnage rate shall be reduced by 4.6% for the federal government, its
agencies and instrumentalities, and all refuse service contracts for such shall be exempt under WAC
458-20-250 from payment of the 4.6% solid waste collection tax, so that the rate for same shall be
$73.27. (Ord. 2908, 3/1196; Ord. 2894, 10/27/95; Ord. 2813, ~1, 7/1194; Ord. 2803 ~1, 4/29/94;
Ord. 2790 91, 4/1/94; Ord. 2784 92, 1/1/94; Ord. 2729 ~2, 1/1/93; Ord. 2630 ~5, 7/1191; Ord. 2599
93,8/1/90; Ord. 2454 91, 8/24/87; Ord. 2436 92, 3/1/87; Ord. 2378 92, 2n/86; Ord. 2317 ~4,
10/26/84 )
13 56.030 Rate - Special Items. All users of the Sanitary Landfill site shall be charged and
shall pay the following rates for dumping the following certain types of refuse:
10/97
13 - 78
13.56.020
13.56.060
hem Bate
Tires (automobile and uuck) S76.801ton
Appliances 76.80Iton. (Ord. 2790 ~1. 411194; Ord. 2784 ~2. 1/1194;
~._. 2729 ~2. 1/1/93; Ord. 2630 ~6. 7/1191; Ord. 2599 14. 8/1/89; Ord. 2387 ~1. 5/1186; Ord. 2317 ~.
10/26/84)
13 56 040 Rate _ Certain Charitable Ot:vni7Jltions. A fifty percent reduction in the landfill rates as set
forth in this Chapter will be made available to certain charitable. nonprofit orgl'ni7Jltions, provided that the
following requirements are met: ..... .
A The reduction will only be given upon completion by the orV"17Jltlon of a wntten applicatIon and
acceptance of said application by the City.. . ....
B. The reduction shall only be applied to those charitable. nonprofit orgamzauons, such as the
Salvation Army. St. Vmcent DePaul, and Serenity House. the primary purpose of which is provide necessary
support for the poor or infirm and which must dispose of unusable donated items.
C. Pursuant to Chapter 35.83 RCW. the reduction shall also be applied to the Housing Authority of
Clallam County for self-haul of materials left by tenants who vacate Housing Authority premises.(Ord. 2985,
3/27/98; Ord. 2938. 12/13/96)
13.56 043 Governmental Solid Waste IJtilitv Rate. Landfill disposal by other governmentally owned solid
waste utilities shall be at the rate established by interlocal agreement between the City and such other
governmentally owned solid waste utility. (Ord. 2997. 8/14/98)
13 56 045 Commercial Compacted Rate. All commercial haulers of over two thousand tons per year of
compacted refuse to the sanitary landfill shall be charged the rates as set forth in PAMC 13.56.020, except that
a special rate may be charged pW'SlW1t to a separate agreement between the City and the commercial hauler based
OJ'! !l;uch factors as reduced landfill services being utilized by the commercial hauler. (Ord. 2950, 2/28/97)
13 56 047 Lat:ie Volume Demolition Debris Rate Landfill disposal of demolition debris in the amount of
at least 5,000 tons, as guaranteed pursuant to separate agreement with the City. shall be at the rate of $40 per ton.
(Ord. 2964, 8/15/97)
13 56 050 Junked or Wrecked Automotive Vehicles Prohibited. The dumping or placement of junked
or wrecked automotive vehicles at the Sanitary Landfill site is prohibited. (Ord. 2317 ~4, 10/26/84)
13 56 060 Landfill Disposal Area ReiUlations.
A. Use Generally. The City Sanitary Landfill disposal area shall be open at such times designated by
the Director. Those persons hauling their own refuse to the disposal site shall place such refuse where directed
by the operator of the disposal area and shall pay those fees as set forth by the City Council.
B. Origin of Refuse. Acceptable refuse originating within the City limits and transported to the
Sanitary Landfill by any person shall be accepted for disposal during the designated hours of operation. All
persons offering such acceptablc rcfuse may bc required to submit proof of origin of the material in the fonn of
a certificate certifying ownership and that the material originated within the City. Use of the Sanitary Landfill site
by persons living outside the City limits shaIl be upon the basis of a special service charge set by the City Council.
Waste originating outside Clallam County shall be unacccptable for disposal at the Sanitary Landfill except as
otherwise provided in PAMC 13.54.070.
C. Burning. It is unlawful for any wuwtborized person to set fire to, or bum. any wastc in thc Landfill
grounds used by the City unless granted pennission by the Director to do so.
D. Scavenging. All materials delivered to and disposed of at the Landfill are the property of the City.
No unauthorized person shall scavenge, separate, collect, carry off, or dispose of. such material unless authorized
, 10 so by written permit of the Director.
E. Unlawful Entry. It is unlawful for any person to enter the Landfill area except when an attendant
is present during the designated hours of operation. (Ord. 2569 ~2, 3/14/90; Ord. 2317 ~4, 10/26/84)
13 - 79
9/98
Sequim Municipal Code
pant or agent thereof a notice to remove or
abate such nuisance. If such nuisance is not
abated or removed within 24 hours after such
notice, the officer shall cause the owner, occu-
pant or agent thereof to be summoned into the
municipal court of the city for violation of this
section. If the owner, occupant or agent thereof
is thereupon convicted of a violation of this
chapter, the officer shall cause the nuisance to
be removed or abated, and the cost thereof,
together with interest to accrue at the rate of
one percent per month until paid. shall become
a lien against the real property on which the
nuisance occurred. This chapter shall not pre-
vent the summary abatement by any public
officer of a serious threat to health or safety,
nor support a damage claim resulting from the
abatement. (Ord. 357 ~ 12(4), 1977)
8.04.050 Exception.
SMC 8.04.020(M) shall not apply to any
person, firm or corporation which is otherwise
regulated under the statutes, rules and regula-
tions for interstate commerce, or selling goods,
wares, merchandise or personal property for or
on behalf of a nonprofit corporation, and
which person, firm or corporation has given
notice to the city clerk that the person, firm or
corporation will be selling door to door upon
private residences, dwellings and apartment
properties. The notice shall be in writing and
shall include the names, phone numbers and
addresses of all persons transacting business in
this manner. (Ord. 357 ~ 12(5), 1977)
8.04.060 Violation.
A. Any person, firm or corporation violat-
ing the provisions of this chapter, in addition to
any penalty which may be provided in Title 9
of this code, may, in the sound discretion of the
court in which conviction is obtained, be
directed by the court to abate and remove from
any public street or highway or public or pri-
vate right~f-way or public park, or any private
property any or all debris and waste deposited
thereon by anyone prior to the date of the con-
viction.
B. Each day a violation of this chapter con-
tinues shall constitute a separate offense under
this chapter. (Ord. 357 ~ 12(6, 7), 1977)
8.08.010
Chapter 8.08
GARBAGE COLLECTION
Sections:
8.08.010 Purpose - Defmitions.
8.08.020 Appointment of garbage collector.
8.08.030 Sanitation fund established.
8.08.040 Compulsory garbage service.
8.08.050 Garbage to be removed.
8.08.060 Trash to be deposited in containers
provided by city.
8.08.070 Location of containers for
collection.
8.08.080 Unlawful disposal.
8.08.090 Collection rates.
8.08.095 Capital acquisition charge.
8.08.100 Acquisition of equipment.
8.08.110 Violation - Penalty.
8.08.010 Purpose - Dermitions.
A. Purpose. The maintenance of health and
sanitation require and it is the intention of this
chapter to make the collection, removal and
disposal of garbage, refuse and waste matter
within the city compulsory and universal.
B. Definitions. For the purpose of this
chapter, the following definitions shall be
applicable:
1. "Garbage" means all solid and semi-
solid kitchen refuse subject to decay or putre-
faction and all animal or vegetable waste mat-
ter which was intended to be used as food.
2. "Trash" means all waste matter not
subject to decay or putrefaction, including
ashes and dead animals, large or small, which
may die or be collected for other than food pur-
poses.
3. "Person" means every person, firm.
partnership, association. institution and corpo-
ration and shall also be deemed to mean the
occupant and/or owner of the premises for
which service is rendered. (Ord. 144 ~ 1,1948)
8-5
8.08.020
8.08.020 Appointment of garbage
collector.
The mayor of the city is authorized to
appoint a suitable and qualified person as col-
lector of garbage who shall have full control of
all work provided for and contemplated by this
chapter. (Ord. 144 ~ 2, 1948)
8.08.030 Sanitation fund established.
There is created and established a special
fund to be designated and known as the sanita-
tion fund into which all funds collected under
this chapter shall be deposited and kept and
from which all expenses of maintenance and
operation shall be paid. (Ord. 144 9 3, 1948)
8.08.040 Compulsory garbage service.
A. It is the duty of every person in posses-
sion, charge or control of any dwelling, flat..
roominghouse, apartment house, hospital,
hotel, club, restaurant.. boarding house or eat-
ing house or in possession or control of any
public or private place of business, trade or
profession within the city at all times from and
after the effective date of this chapter to keep
or cause to be kept portable cans, approved by
the garbage collector appointed by the mayor
for the accumulations of garbage.
B. It shall be compulsory to take garbage
service as provided in this chapter within the
limits of the city.
C. The collection and disposal of trash and
garbage shall be exclusive to the city and no
person shall offer or shall collect or dispose of
garbage or trash for hire from within the city
limits of the city; provided that.. upon special
application to the city council, and upon a find-
ing by the city council that a particular matter
is beyond the capabilities of the city garbage
and trash collection services, a permit can be
issued to allow persons to remove garbage
and/or trash within the limits of the matter for
which the permit is granted.
D. All containers for trash and rubbish
deposited by places of business or residences
must be of a type and in such location which
meets with the approval of the garbage collec-
tor.
E. No stones, earth or other incombustible
materials except wrappings and trash shall be
deposited in either garbage or trash containers.
(Ord. 460 ~ 3, 1984; Ord. 144 ~ 4, 1948)
8.08.050 Garbage to be removed.
The city garbage collector with the assis-
tance of such personnel and equipment as shall
be furnished by the city to him shall move and
dispose of all garbage, refuse and trash as may
be necessary or as may be contracted for or
independently undertaken by the city. (Ord.
144 ~ 5, 1948)
8.08.0u0 Trash to be deposited in
containers provided by city.
Trash must be deposited in the 300-gallon or
90-gallon containers provided by the city.
(Ord. 446 ~ 1; 1983; Ord. 144 9 7, 1948)
8.08.070 Location of containers for
collection.
All garbage cans and trash containers shall
be placed at a distance of carrying not over 15
feet from alleys when the alleys are passable
by trucks and where alleys are not passable by
trucks they shall be placed at locations desig-
nated by the garbage collector. (Ord. 144 9 8,
1948)
8.08.080 Unlawful disposal.
A. It shall be unlawful and a misdemeanor
for any person, firm, corporation, partnership,
association or institution to burn, dump or in
any manner dispose of garbage, trash or refuse
upon any streets, alleys, public places or pri-
vate property without the permission of the
owner, in the city.
B. It shall be further unlawful and a misde-
meanor for any person, firm, corporation, part-
nership, association or institution not a
resident of the city, nor the operator of a busi-
ness establishment within the city limits of the
city to deposit refuse, trash or garbage in
refuse collection containers owned by the city.
c. It shall be further unlawful and a misde-
meanor for any person, fInn, corporation, part-
nership, association or institution to use refuse
collection facilities of the city without provid-
8-6
...
Sequim Municipal Code
ing for payment to the city for such use as pro-
vided by law. (Ord. 349 ~ 1, 1977; Ord. 144 ~
9, 1948)
8.08.090 Collection rates.
A. Rates for refuse collection services at all
residences and each multiple dwelling unit
shall be $18.00 per month until January 1,
1996, then it shall be $20.00 per month after
January 1, 1996, plus state refuse taxes.
B. 1. Monthly rates for refuse collection for
persons and places of business, trade or profes-
sion which utilize 300-gallon containers shall
be as follows:
Each 300-gallon container:
Prior to After
01-01-96 01-01-96
Price per pickup $50.50 $52.50
2. Commercial enterprises sharing use
of one 300-gallon container shall be billed on
a pro rata basis.
The above rates do not include state taxes.
C. Persons and places of business, trade or
profession, utilizing refuse containers that
require excessive and continued cleaning will
be charged $5.00 per container for each clean-
ing required in excess of normal cleaning
schedules.
D. Recyclable cardboard/paper shall be
, collected at the rate of $20.00 per month for
one and one-half yards; $30.00 per month for
two and one-half yards; $40.00 per month for
three and one-half yards; and $2.00 per yard
over three and one-half yards.
E. Persons receiving city refuse collection
services outside of the corporate limits of the
city shall pay one and one-half times the rates
established in this section. (Ord. 95-010 ~ 3)
8.08.095 Capital acquisition charge.
A. Upon extension of the city's solid waste
utility to premises not presently served, there
shall be assessed one-time capital acquisition
charges as follows:
1. For those premises to be served by a
300-gallon container, the charge shall be
$150.00 per container, divided by the number
of premises intended to use the container.
8.08.110
2. For those premises served by a 90-
gallon container, the charge shall be $70.00 for
each container supplied.
3. There shall also be a one-time $10.00
charge per new container, regardless of size,
which sum shall be used for solid waste utility
equipment purchase. repair and replacement.
B. The charges established in this chapter
shall be collected at the time the request for
connection is made, or, if a building pennit is
to be issued, at the time the building pennit is
issued.
C. Owners of businesses or residences for
which the one-time capitalization fee set forth
herein shall have been paid by the person or
business entity. shall be provided the option of
transferring the container which payment rep-
resents to a new or relocated premises prior to
the occupancy of the new or relocated pre-
mises. Owners choosing to exercise this option
shall provide proof of payment of the capitali-
zation fee to the superintendent of utilities and
shall make a -written request to transfer. The
written request shall identify the old premises
for which the fee was paid and the new pre-
mises to which the fee shall be transferred.
Identification of the premises shall be made in
such manner as the superintendent of utilities
or his designee may require. Those premises
from which containers and/or capitalization
fees have been transferred shall be required to
comply with this section. (Ord. 639 ~ 2, 1992;
Ord. 575 ~ 2, 1990)
8.08.100 Acquisition of equipment.
The city council is authorized from time to
time to acquire such equipment and employ
such personnel to assist the garbage collector
as is in their judgment necessary and advis-
able. All expenditures therefor shall be from
the sanitation fund. (Ord. 144 ~ 12, 1948)
8.08.110 Violation - Penalty.
Any person violating any of the provisions
of this chapter shall be punished by a fine not
exceeding $100.00 or by imprisonment in the
city jail for not more than 30 days, or by both
fine and imprisonment. (Ord. 144 ~ 13, 1948)
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11
.
COMPANY NAME: MURREY'S DISPOSAL CO.. INC. dba Olympic Disposal
SERVICE AREA: CLALLAM COUNTY
Tariff No. 20
Original Page 13A
Item
No.
CAN-UNIT SERVICE - RESIDENTIAL - MONTHLY RATE
Bales. i[l. tb~ jte.rIuuwjyJQ;
100 1. Solid waste collection, curbside recycling (where noted) and yardwaste collection service
(where noted) for residential property. This includes single family dwellings, duplexes, apanments.
mobile homes. condominiums, ect., where service is billed directly to the occupant of each residential
unit and/or (2) where required by a local government service level ordinances the above services
for single family dwellings, duplexes. mobile homes, condominiums and apanment building of less
than _ units, where service is billed to the property owner or manager.
Number of
Units or Type
of
Container
Mini can
1 Can
2 Cans
3 Cans
4 Cans
.. ~t' ":ans
t - 35 Qal
van - 60 oal
Frequency Garbage Recycle Garbage Yardwaste Yardwaste Yardwaste
of Service Service and Service and Garbage and
Service Only Only Recycle Only Garbage Recycle
Service n ,~,~~_ryl~~~ . ,..=~~~~c:e n
- .- 0- n
W _ __ __ ~J1.:R..___ $ 4.70__. . $ 16.22 $ ___ _. L -- $
___ W _ _ __$~.4~:____.$ 4.79._____J-19.32.____._ $ ___ $ $
____om..':!'!___ __~22.~__~4.70 ____.$26.~-_.~ .n' "S $.
.m~____..u.~?_ ____~ 4.7q_ _. $ 34.07 . $ _ _ n _. ._s.. - __ - $- n
W $ 37.93 $ 4.70 , $ 41.83 $ _. $ .__L______. - ---
W $ 45.30 $ 4.70 $ 49.20 $ $ $
------------------ - ... - - -.---
W $ 17.10 $ 4.70 $ 21.00 $ $ .__~ - ---- ---.
W $21.10 $4.70 $2500 $ $ $
~-=
Frequency of Service Codes W=weekly: EOW=Every Other Week; M=Monthly: Other_
Note 1: Customers will be charged for service requested even if fewer units are picked up on a panlcular trip.
Note 2: The charge for an occasional extra can/unit on a regular pickup is: $5.29 per can or unit.
Note 3: One pickup per month at $ 5.77 per 32 gal can will be charged on a regular schedule for garbage pickup only.
One pickup per month at $ 6.50 per 35 gal can will be charged on a regular schedule for garbage pickup only.
One pickup per month at $ 9.40 per 60 gal can will be charged on a regular schedule for garbage pickup only
- The charge included in this rate for recycling and/or yardwaste is:
Recycling $3.90 Yardwaste $0.00
ISSUED:
January 14, 1998
EFFECTIVE: February 28. 1998
Issued bv:
Irmaard R Wilcox
11
COMPANY NAME: MURREY'S DISPOSAL CO.. INC: dba Olympic Disposal
SERVICE AREA: CLALLAM COUNTY
Tariff No. 20
Item CAN-UNIT SERVICE - RESIDENTIAL - MONTHLY RATE
No
1
Original Page 14A
Rates in this item apply to
(1) Solid waste collection. curbside recycling (where noted) and yardwaste collection service
100 (where noted) for residential property. This includes single family dwellings, duplexes, apartments.
mobile homes. condominiums, ect.. where service is billed directly to to occupant of each residential
unit, and/or (2) where required by a local government service level ordinances the above services
for single family dwellings. duplexes, mobile homes, condominiums, and apatment building of less
than _ units. where service is billed to the property owner or manager.
..- -..
Number of Frequency Garbage Recycle Garbage
Units or Type of Service Service and
of Service Only Only Recycle
Container .----- Service
.. ---- --- .-.. I
1 Can EOW $ 9.22 $ 4.70 , $1~._g__ _
---- .-----.
Cart - 35 aal EOW $10.26 ___~ 4.7~_____$1~:.1~__._
. .-
Cart - 60 Qal EOW $ 12.66 $ 4.70 . $16.56
--- - - --- ...-.--- ..---- ---- -- -------
--------.-------..--------...- ---------
__________.___n._ _____._.__ - .----..----.- ---
$
$
S
Yardwaste
and
Garbage
,~._?_~.ryl~_
$
$
S
Yardwaste
Garbage and
Recycle
. _=-:,_~~f"\Ii~e_
$
$
$
Yardwaste
Service
Only
________.- ___ '0.
r . - - _0_- -.-
-..---- -- .-
__ u_m ____ __ ______on
____ ___._u._____ _________ ---__.__-0 -
___00 _ _ _____ __._. - - .-
Frequency of Service Codes W=weekly: EOW=Every Other Week M=Monthly: Other
Note 1. Customers will be charged for service requested even if fewer units are picked up on a particular trip
Note 2: The charge for an occasional extra can/unit on a regular pickup IS: $5.29 per can or unit.
Note 3 One pickup per month at $5.77 per 32 gal can will be charged on a regular scheduled for garbage pickup only
One pickup per month at $6.50 per 35 gal cart will be charged on a regular schedule for garbage pickup only
One pickup per month at $940 per 60 gal cart will be charged on a regular schedule for garbage pickup only
. The charge Included In thiS rate for recycling and/or yardwaste IS
Recycling $3.90 Yardwaste $0.00
ISSUED:
January 14. 1998
EFFECTIVE: February 28, 1998
Issued by:
Irmqard R Wilcox
...
. COMPANY NAME: MURREY'S DISPOSAL CO.. INC. dba Olympic Disposal
SERVICE AREA: CLALLAM COUNTY
Tariff No. 20
OriQinal Paae 22A
.
Item
No
.
CONTAINER SERVICE - DUMPED IN COLLECTOR'S VEHICLE
NON-COMPACTED MATERIAL (Carrier Owned Container)
Rates per Container
240
=.
SIZE OR TYPE OF CONTAINER
=~ ~ERYIC_~]Y~E
~alil~p\ccoun!
Monthly Rent (See
Note 5)
1.yd.
.., J,~~):~~== -, ._,,}~t!
yd
yd 6 Yd
S S 1200
S 77.60
S 77.60
.--
$ 8148
--.---'--'. - P'
S 4.50
$ 6.00
$ 8.00
$
--. ----..-----..-------+-----..------..---.
First Pickup $14.40 ; $20.14 $28.52
f--. ..- -- - .- -- - ....------.-- - ---...- - -. . -
Each Additional
Pickup $14.40 $20.14 , $28.52
,
- --......------_.__.---~_._-----_._.._-
Oickup Rate
$ 16.68
$ 23.28 , $ 33.17
u - . .----.-.--.-....-- ---
... -- - .. -.
$ 23.28 $ 31.53
_ --
$ 23.28 S 3317
...
Special Pickup $ 16.68
=~~~=="--'
TemporaryAccount
Initial Delivery
---.- --
$ 17.70
--.- - -~----..- ---- ---.---- -- -p--'--
Rent per Calender
_ D~_. __
$ 50
$ .60
$70
- ~---_._-------------- -~-----_.-
Rent per Month
=._-,~_.~~---~-- -
S 260
$ 2.90
$ 3 15
NOTE 1: Permanent accounts service is defined as no less than scheduled. every other week pickup. unless local
ordinances require more frequent service or unless putrescibles are involved. Customers will be charged for services
requested, even if fewer containers are serviced on a particular trip. No credit will be given for partially filled containers.
NOTE 2 If rent is shown. the rate for the first pickup and each additional pickup must be the same If rent is not
shown, it is to be included in the rate for the first pickup.
NOTE 3: For permanent, regularly scheduled pickups, a flat monthly charge may be assessed if computed as follows:
For each container provided.
(a) If monthly rent is shown: monthly rent plus (4.33 times pickup rate times number of pickup per week).
(b) If monthly rate is not shown: 1st pickup rate plus (3.33 times additional pickup rate) plus (433 times additional
pickup rate times additional weekly pickup(s).
NOTE 4: In addition to all other applicable charges, a charge of $20.00 per yard (assessed on a pro rata basis)will be
assessed if containers are filled past their visible full limit. container lids will not close due to overfilling or of additional
materials are placed on or near the containers.
NOTE 5: Monthly rent is charged "ONLY" if permanent regularly scheduled pickup is less frequent than every
other week.
Accessorial charges assessed (Iids.tarping,unlocking.unlatching, ect)
$1.00 per pick up time
for Unlocking gates
ISSUED: January 14. 1998
EFFECTIVE: February 28, 1998
Issued by: Irmgard R Wilcox
"
COMPANY NAME: MURREY'S DISPOSAL CO., INC. dba Olympic Disposal
SERVICE AREA: JEFFERSON AND CLALLAM COUNTY
Tariff No. 20
Oriainal Paoe 24
Item
No
DROP BOX SERVICE - TO DISPOSAL SITE AND RETURN
NON-COMPACTED MATERIAL (Carrier Owned Drop Box)
Rates per Container
260
=- -
P
- _. _'_ '_'."_ __...u_. _ _
_... ..___" .____ ___.' n
SERVICE TYPE
lQ~~_-=~~"=~=.~clQ.,ld ~__ _~ _.?~Y~L~_~.."_-30yd. ,-
4Q. y~:t
yd
- - ...
Permanent Account
Monthly Rent (See
Note 3)
$ 40.00
$ 48.00
$ 50.00
$ 50.00
$ 50.00
s
t
------ --. ------..--.--
First Pickup
$ 63.00
I $ 65.00
i $ 67.00
, $ 69.00
$ 80.00
$
---L---------:--.----------. . -'
Each Additional
Pickup $ 63.00 $ 65.00 I $ 67.00
---------,--- -----~----------,----_P_---_. ._'P'_' -- - '-.'
$ 69.00
$ 80.00
$
Special Pickup $
--____0= ==',-~_'
Temporary Acc_Q1irll
$
$
$
$
$
. ---------------.--..- -'---. --..
_u____ .__ __ _u_. .-..___ _. .. -, . - -
Initial Delivery
S 1 00 00
$100.00
$100 00
$100 00
$100.00
s
------------------- ..--------. --
Pickup Rate
$ 90 00
S 95.00
S 140 00
$15000
$15000
s
. _.- - - -, - .' - ---
Rent per Calender
___~C!)'
S 500
$ 6.00
S 750
S 10.00
S 10 00
s
Rent per Month
$ 40.00
$ 48.00
, $ 50.00
$ 50.00
$ 50.00
s
-_._._---~. -'--- --"----- +---
..__u__ ____ .---- - -- ----- ..-- - -. --- --
NOTE 1: Rates In this item are subject to disposal fees named in Item 230
NOTE 2: Rates named in this item apply for all hauls not exceeding 10 miles measured from the point of
pickup to the disposal site. Excess miles will be charged for at $2.10 per mile or fraction thereof. Such
charge to be in addition to all regular charges. '
NOTE 3: Permanent accounts: If a drop box is held by a customer for a full month and no pickups are
ordered, the monthly rent shall be charged. but no charges will be assessed for pickups.
Accessorial charges assessed: (Iids,tarping,unlocking,unlatching, ect)
Tarping box to prevent littering - $25.00 per time.
Locking or unlocking gate or door - $1.00 per time.
ISSUED: January 14, 1998
EFFECTIVE: February 28, 1998
Issued by: Irmgard R Wilcox
I
WEST WASTE &. REcYCUNEi, INC.
1154 BlEi BURN PLACE
P.O. BOX 21 72
FORKS, WA 98331
(360)374-5020 FAX (360)374-9831
RESIDENTIAL PICK UP RATES
1 can weekly
2 cans weekly
3 cans weekly
$16.01 per month
24.35 per month
32.22 per month
1 can every other week
2 cans every other week
3 cans every other week
8.86 per month
12.48 per month
17.15 per mOJ;lth
1 can monthly
2 cans monthly
3 cans monthly
5.65 per month
11.29 per month
16.94 per month
Extra can
Small bags
Medium bags
Large bags
4.00 per can*
2.00 each.
3.00 each*
4.00 each.
Bwn barrel
10.00 each *
*Plus 3.6% Refuse Collection Tax.
RESRATES,DOC
WEsT WASTE A REa'CLlNEL !Ne.
1154 816 BURN PLACE PO BOX 2172
FORKS, WA 98331 (360)374-5020
CONTAINER INFORMATION
MONTHLY CHARGES
1 yard weekly 62.80 3 yard weekly 176.07
1 yard twice weekly 125.60 3 yard twice weekly 352.15
1 yard every other week 31.40 3 yard every other week 88.04
MINIMUM CHARGE 16.58 MINIMUM CHARGE 44.02
1 1/2 yard weekly 87.93 4 yard weekly 248.52
1 1/2 yard twice weekly 175.85 4 yard twice weekly 497.03
1 1/2 yard every other week 43.96 4 yard every other week 124.26
MINIMUM CHARGE 21.98 MINIMUM CHARGE 62.13
2 yard weekly 124.26 6 yard weekly 376.81
2 yard twice weekly 248.52 6 yard twice weekly 753.63
2 yard every other week 62.13 6 yard every other week 188.41
MINIMUM CHARGE 31.07 MINIMUM CHARGE 94.20
These charges are based on normal household refuse. Containers used for construction or
demolition debris will be charge $120.00 per ton with a minimum charge based on size of
container.
For temporary accounts, there is a delivery fee: $10.00 for 1 yard, 1 1/2 yard, and 2 yard
containers; and $20.00 for 3 yard, 4 yard, and 6 yard containers.
Containers must be placed on a flat, level, hard surface where it is easily accessible for the
compactor truck to back up to. Containers must be left in the position our drivers place them.
There is a minimum of every other week pickup. The customer may call and make arrangements
for more frequent pickup. Please give us at least one day notice for special pickups.
Customers requesting a container for permanent service will be required to pay a two month
service deposit, which will be held in a special account for up to one year. If there is no problem
with the account for twelve months, the deposit will be credited to the customer's account at the
end of the year. If the account is not paid in a timely manner, service will be discontinued, we will
pull the container and apply the deposit to the account. Customer will then have the option of
paying a new deposit for can service.
Customers requesting a container for a temporary project are required to pre-pay. The amount of
. pre-payment depends on the type of material for disposal and the frequency of pickups.
PLEASE CALL OUR OFFICE FOR INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY
Tariff No . 1 Original Revised Page No . 13
Company Name : West Waste & RecyCling, , Inc.
Item CAN-UNIT SERVICE , RESIDENTIAL
No (MONTHLY RATES )
.
100 Rates in this item apply t;o:
( 1 ) solid waste collection service , curbside recycling service ( where
noted) , -and/or yardwaste collection service (where noted ) for
residential property . This includes single family dwellings,
duplexes , apartments , mobile homes and courts , condominiums , etc. ,
where service is billed directly to the occupant of each residential
unit ; and/or
( 2 ) where required by local government service level ordinance , solid
waste collection service , curbside recycling service (where noted),
and/or yardwaste collection service for single family dwellings,
duplexes , mobile homes and courts , condominiums , and apartment
buildings less than 2 units , where service is billed to the
property owner or manager .
Rates apply in the following service area : Western Clallam and Jefferson
Counties .
Nn.lKr or Yard_...
Uaiu or Type or FnqUeDC)' ar CuiJacc Semce Reqcle ~ce Carbqe &lid Yudwasle YU'dwul.l: &Ad C.n.acc -
CoataUaer Semce Oal,. Oaly Recyde Semce Semc.e Oal,. Carbace Semce Recyele Sa'riu
.
M;n;ro;n W $ 1 2 .70 $ $ $ $ $
1 can W $ 15 . 45 $ $ $ $ $
2 cans W $ 23 . 50 $ $ $ $ $
3 cans W $ 3 1 . 10 $ $ $ $ $
4 cans W $ 39 . 10 $ $ $ $ $
5 cans W $ 46 , 70 $ $ $ $ $
.
Frequency codes : W - Week~y SerV.l.ce ; EOW - Every other week; M - Monthly serV.l.ce ;
W/2r = Weekly garbage and every other week recycle ;
other :
Note 1 : Customers will be charged for service requested even if fewer units are
serviced on a particular trip .
Note 2 : The charge of occasional extra cans or units on regular pickup shall be :
$ 4 . 00 per can or unit .
Note 3 : One pickup per month at S 4 . 00 per can or unit will be charged on
regular , schedule, for garbage" pickup only, for res i.dential customers on
an "on call" basis . Use special pickup rates in Item 110 for
residential can service not otherwise covered in this i~em.
",
NOTE : SEE NEXT PAGE FOR DESCRYPTYON( S) OF RECYCLYNG AND/OR YARDWASTE PROGRAMS
Issued By . "'
. Brent Gagnon
Issue Date . Auqust 31 1994 Effective Date .
. , .
Tariff No.
1
Oriainal
Revised Page No. 14
--
Company Name:
West Waste &. Recycling,. Inc.
~tem
No.
CAN-UNIT SERVICE. RESIDENTIAL
(MONTHLY RATES)
(2)
in this item apply to:
solid waste collection service, curbside recycling service (where
noted), . and/or yardwaste collection service (where noted) for
residential property. This includes single family dwellings,
duplexes, apartments, mobile homes and courts, condominiums, etc.,
where service is billed directly to the occupant of each residential
unit; and/or
where required by local government service level ordinance, solid
waste collection service, curbside recycling service (where noted),
and/or yardwaste collection service for single family dwellings,
duplexes, mobile homes and courts, condominiums, and apartmect
buildings less than 2 units, where service is billed to the
property owner or manager.
.
100
Rates
(1)
Rates apply in the following service area: Western Clallam and JeffersOD
Counties.
=
Number DC
Ulliu Dr Type DC Frequcacy DC
CODWDer Service
Garbqe Bemce RCIC)'de Scrricc
OaJ,. Oaly
Garba;e ud
RCIC)'de Bemcc
Yard...,le
Scnicc OaJ,.
yard.....
Yard...,lc &Ad Garbaccud
Garbace Semcc Rccydc Scrri,'-'
l
.
1 can EOW $ 8.55 $ $ $ $ $
2 cans EOW $ 12 . 05 $ $ $ $ $
3 cans EOW $ 16.55 $ $ $ $ $
1 can M $ 5.45 $ $ $ $ $
2 cans M $ 10.90 $ $ $ $ $
3 cans M $ 16.35 $ $ $ $ $
Frequency Codes: W weeltry Serv~ce; EOW - Every oU er week; M - Monthl.y gerv~ce;
Wj2r = Weekly garbage and every other week recycle;
Other:
I
l
1
Note 2:
Customers will be charged for service requested even if fewer units are I
serviced on a particular trip.
The charge of cccasional extra cans or units on regular pickup shall be.
S 4.00 per can or unit.
One pickup per month at $ 4.00 per can or unit will be charged or~
regular, schedule, for garbage' pickup only, for residential customers on
an "on call" basis. Use special pickup rates in Item 110 fOI- --
residential can service not otherwise covered in this item.
Note 1:
Note 3:
NOTE: SEE NEXT PAGE FOR DESCRIPTION(Sl OF RECYCLING AND/OR YARDWASTE PROGRAMS
Issued By:
Brent Gagnon
;',.... ...
.;..
Issue Date: August 31, .1994 Effective Date:
Tariff No. 1 1st Revised Page No. 22
Company Name: West Waste &: Recycling, Inc.
Item CONTAINER SERVICE - DUMPED IN COLLECTOR'S VEHICLE
No. NON - COMPACTED MATERIAL (Carrier Owned Container)
Rates Per Container
240 SERVICE AREA~
Western Clallam and Jefferson Counties.
SIZE OR TYPE OF CONTAINER
SERVICE TYPE 1 1 1 /2 yd yd 3 yd 4 yd 5 yd
yd 2
Permanent Account $
Monthly Rent (See $ $ $ $ $
Note 2) le\
First Pickup $ 14.-00 $ 19.60 $ 27.70 $ 39.25 $ 55.40 $ 69.54
Each Additional $ 14.00 $-19.60 $ 27.70 $ 39.25 $ 55.40 $ 69.54
Pickup
Special Pickups $ 16.00 $ 21.60 $ 29.70 $ 41.25 $ 57.40 $ 71.54
Temoorarv Account
Initial Delivery $ 10.00 .$ 10.00 $ 10.00 $ 20.00 $ 20.00 $ 20.00
Pickup Rate $ 16.00 $ 21.60 $ 29.70 $ 41.25 $ 57.40 $ 71.54
Rent Per Calendar
Day $ .50 $ .60 $ .70 $ .80 $ .90 $ 1.00
Rent Per Month ((' \ $ $ $ $ $ $
-
Note 1: Permanent accounts: service is defined 8S no less than scheduled, every other week pickup, unless
local ordinances require more frequent service or unless putrescibles are involved. Customers will be
charged for service requested, even if fewer containers are serviced on a particular trip. No credit
will be given for partially filled containers.
Note 2: l.f rent is shown, the rate for the first pickup and each additional pickup must be the same. If rent is
not shown, it is to be included in the rate for the first pickup.
Note 3: For' permanent, regularly scheduled pickups, a flat monthly charge may be assessed if computed as
follows: For each container provided:
a. If monthlv rent is shown: monthly rent plus (4.33 times pickup fate times number of pickups per
week) /
b. If monthlv rent is not shown: , st pickup rate plus (3.33 times additional pickup rate) plus (4.33
times. additional pickup rate times additional weekly pickups).
Note 4: In addition to all other applicable charges, a charge of $ 14.00 per yard (assessed on a pro
rata basis) will be assessed if containers are filled past their visible full limit, container lids will not
close due to overfilling, or if additional materials are placed on or near the containers.
Accessorial charges assessed: (lids, tarping, unlocking. unlatching, etc.)
,
Padlock - $10.00; Tarping - $20~OO; Unlocking -$5.00.
Issued by: --
, Brent Gagnon
Issue Date: Mav 20 -1998 Effective Date: Jul v 4, 1998
",
Tarfff No.
1
1st
Revised Page No. 221-- _
.
Company Name: West Waste & Recycling, Inc.
Item CONTAINER SERVICE - DUMPED IN COLLECTOR"S VEHICLE
No. NON - COMPACTED MATERIAL (Carrier Owned Container)
Rates Per Container
240 SERVICE AREA:
Western Clallam and Jefferson Counties.
SIZE OR TYPE OF CONTAINER
SERVICE TYPE yd yd yd yd yd
Permanent Account $ $ $
Monthly Rent (See $ $ $
Note 2)
First Pickup $ 84.00 $ $ $ $ $
Each Additional $ 84.00 $- $ $ $ $
Pickup
Special Pickups $ 86.00 $ $ $ $ $
Temoorarv Account $
Initial Delivery $ 20.00 .$ $ $ $
Pickup Rate $ 86.00 $ $ $ $ $
Rent Per Calendar
Day $ 1.00 $ $ $ $ $
Rent Per Month $ $ $ $ .$ $
--
~d
~
~otel: Permanent accounts: service is defined as no less than scheduled, every other week pickup, unl!
local ordinances require more frequent service or unless putrescibles me involved. Customers wit' -e
charged for service requested, even if fewer containers are serviced on a particular trip. No credit
will be given for partially filled containers.
Note 2: I.f rent is shown, the rate for the first piCkup and each additional piCkup must be the same. If nm s
not shown, it is to be included in the rate for the first pickup. .
Note 3: For permanent, regularly scheduled pickups, a flat monthly charge may be assessed if computed 1'~
follows: For each container provided:
a. If monthlv rent is shown: monthly rent plus (4.33 times pickup rate times number of pickups p..,
w~ek) . /
b. Jf monthlv rent is not shown: 1 st pickup rate plus (3.33 times additional pickup rate) plus (4. 3
times additional ,pickup rate times additional weekly pickups).
Note 4: In addition to all other applicable charges, a charge of $ 14.00 per yard (assessed on a pro
rata basis) will be 8ssessed if containers are filled past their visible fuli limit, container lids will no'
close due to overfilling, or if additional materials are plact;d on or neal"the containers.
Accessorial charges assessed: (lids, tarping, unlocking., unlatching, etc.)
PadlOCk - $10.00; Tarping - $20.'00; Unlocking - $5.00.
Issued by:
Brent Gagnon,