HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Packet 12/12/2006
Utility Advisory Committee
Public Works Conference Room
Port Angeles, W A 98362
December 12, 2006
3:00 P.M.
AGENDA
I. Call To Order
II. Roll Call
III. Approval Of Minutes For November 14, 2006 And Continued Meeting Of
November 15, 2006
IV. Late Items
V. Discussion Items
A. Economic Development Proposal For Downtown (Presentation)
B. Paramedic Intercept Charge (Medic 1 Issue)
C. NPDES WWTP Submission
D. Elwha And NPI Mitigation (Verbal)
E. Smart Metering And Time Based Rates
F. EUGA Utilities Franchise Agreement
VI. Executive Session
VII. Next Meeting Date:
January 9, 2007
VIII. Adjournment
N :\UAC\Final\ 121206
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
'2-\2.-0(0
GUEST SIGN UP SHEET
PRINT NAME ORGANIZATION
1l)ul L ,I/MOU R.E U',t ~ I (f Z-c-N :!)
I .
rr: {( LL ,-,,0/\ P <: c; - - hi) it
,
.
.
N: \PWKS \LIGHT\ CONS \ CATE \ SIGNUP. wpd
Utility Advisory Committee
Public Works Conference Room
Port Angeles, W A 98362
November 14, 2006
3:00 P.M.
b~4..
,.,.
AGENDA
I. Call To Order
Vice Chairman Rogers called the meeting to order at 3:00 p.m.
II. Roll Call
Members Present:
Vice Chairman Rogers, Orville Campbell, Grant Munro, Betsy
Wharton
Members Absent:
Dean Reed
Staff Present:
Bill Bloor, Glenn Cutler, Mike Puntenney, Scott McLain, Larry
Dunbar, Steve Sperr, Rick Hostetler, Dan McKeen, Yyonne
Ziomkowski, Cate Rinehart
Others Present:
Elizabeth Butler - Saint Andrews Place
II. Approval Of Minutes:
Vice Chairman Rogers asked if there were any corrections to the meeting minutes of
October 10, 2006. Councilman Munro moved to approve the minutes. Orville Campbell
seconded the motion, which carried unanimously.
III. Late Items
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement EUGA Sewer System
V. Discussion Items:
A. Interview Candidate for Medic-1 UAC Position (UAC Council Members
Only)
Dan McKeen, Fire Chief, introduced Elizabeth Butler of Saint Andrews Place noting she
was unanimously appointed by the local group of licensed care facilities as a candidate
for the Utility Advisory Committee. There was a brief interview.
Councilmember Wharton moved to recommend to the City Council for Elizabeth
Butler be the representative for Medic-1 on the Utility Advisory committee.
Councilman Munro seconded the motion, which carried unanimously.
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
November 14, 2006
B. Water Rate Study Presentation
Larry Dunbar, Power Resources Manager, distributed a handout and gave a
presentation based on that information. There was an update of the rate study, a
review of the proposed rates, and recommendations for both residential and
commercial water. There was a brief discussion. Staff was asked to consider
alternate rate designs.
Orville Campbell moved to recommend City Council proceed with a public
hearing on the rate study and proposed rate adjustments. Councilman Munro
seconded the motion, which carried unanimously.
C. Smart Metering And Time-Based Electric Rates
Larry Dunbar, Power Resources Manager, distributed a handout and gave a
presentation based on that information. It was noted that all electric utilities are
required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to offer this no later than February 8,2007.
There was a brief discussion. Staff was directed to return with recommendations.
No action taken. Information only.
D. Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Sewer Update
Glenn Cutler, Director of Public Works and Utilities, distributed a handout stating things
were moving forward and that there had been a favorable response.
No action taken. Information only.
E. Executive Session
Due to a time restraint the late item will be presented at a continued meeting
November 15, 2006 at 3:00 p.m.
Adjourn to executive session - 4:51 p.m.
Executive session under RCW 42.30.110(1 )(C) to consider the terms on which real
estate will be offered for sale and (i) to discuss with legal counsel potential litigation.
Executive session concluded at 4:57 p.m.. Meeting resumed in regular session.
VI. Next Meeting Date: December 12, 2006
VII. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned at 4:57 p.m.
Vice Chairman Rogers
Cate Rinehart, Admin Spec II
Utility Advisory Committee
Public Works Conference Room
Port Angeles, W A 98362
November 15,2006
(Continued From November 14,2006)
3:00 P.M.
t)~ .
~/!J*".
-/
AGENDA
I. Call To Order
Vice Chairman Rogers reconvened the meeting of November 14 at 3:00 p.m.
II. Roll Call
Members Present:
Vice Chairman Rogers, Orville Campbell, Grant Munro, Betsy
Wharton
Members Absent:
Dean Reed
Staff Present:
Bill Bloor, Glenn Cutler, Mike Puntenney, Scott McLain, Gary
Kenworthy
Others Present:
None
III. Discussion Items:
A. Water Rates
Staff requested clarification and direction from the UAC concerning discussion at the UAC
meeting on November 14th. There was a lengthy discussion regarding possible alternative rate
designs. Staff was directed to return in March 2007 with research results on what other utilities
are doing as far as rate structures and discounts.
B. City/County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement For EUGA Sewer Line
Glenn Cutler, Director of Public Works and Utilities, explained that the City and C1allam County
had been negotiating an agreement for coordinating the construction, administration and
operation of the sewer system for the Port Angeles Eastern Urban Growth Area. Agreement
provisions were reviewed and discussed.
Councilmember Wharton moved to recommend City Council authorize 1) the Mayor to
sign an interlocal cooperation agreement, and 2) the City Manager to negotiate minor
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
November 15, 2006
modifications, if necessary. Orville Campbell seconded the motion, which carried
unanimously.
C. Executive Session
Adjourn to executive session - 4:05 p.m.
Executive session under RCW 42.30.110(1)( c) to consider the terms on which real estation will
be offered for sale and (i) to discuss with legal counsel potential litigation.
Executive session concluded at 4:46 p.m. Meeting resumed in regular session.
IV. Next Meeting Date: December 12,2006
V. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned at 4:46 p.m.
Vice Chairman Rogers
Cate Rinehart, Admin Spec II
r
1
,
What the heck is the planned
care model?
The Planned Care Model
/___---~ ft~ co~~u~~~--____'"
/ /-- Hoo:';'=::=---~ ')
\ ( . ~,..., <m.. \ I
\. ).s."~,,, llytlc", f_Oe<I.~ ".1...."...11_ ) /
~ ,$uppot'l Dof;'lI" &up...... ~y,/
--~~~:::::::==--=:-,::::::::.-----
~~,. .
I'MltMt_
.~
()l.ll:.~ U...U ''"' ( l.::~ 1>> ".,;-j
, .
2
. If you have high blood pressure
is your blood pressure controlled?
"":,.., -, ,. t ',.. '~:'~i ": -. '-.-" ~"_:';.
l'
.,.......,
I leart Dtse"~e ..nd Stmke: S.:recrun2
The p~_~~..~~ Model
__--- t.~I!!.IlQ\b-______
/~,- ---...
\~S;~~~~~/
\.,-.~L_)
.~I";>! -.:y_\.......__.....
.........-
ear._lIj01l11ork___....,.--.....-,-.
3
DATE:
To:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
FORTANGELES
WAS H I N G TON, U. S. A.
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMO
DECEMBER 12, 2006
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
DAN McKEEN, FIRE CHIEF
PARAMEDIC INTERCEPT CHARGE
Summary: Based on an audit of our current ambulance transport rates - comparing our rates
against Medicare allowab1es and against the areas prevailing transport rates - the Fire Department
proposes to adjust its Medic I advanced life support (ALS-1) transport rate from $480 to $500. The
proposed fee adjustment will not affect City residents or an employee of a business within the City,
as they are not billed beyond their private insurance coverage.
Additionally, the Fire Department proposes to add a paramedic intercept service charge to cover a
gap in our current fee ordinance.
Recommendation: Forward to the City Council a favorable recommendation to adjust Medic I's
ALS transport charge and add a Medic I paramedic intercept service charge.
Back2:round: As part of the 2007 budget process, the Fire Department requested that System
Design Northwest, conduct an audit of our current ambulance transport rates. Specifically, the Fire
Department wanted to know how our current ambulance transport rates compared to Medicare
allowables and to the areas prevailing transport rates. Based upon the results of the audit, the Fire
Department is recommending a $20 increase in our advanced life support transport (ALS-1) charge.
The comparative information is shown at the end of this memorandum.
The proposed ALS-1 rate adjustment will not affect City residents or employees of a business
within the City, as they are not billed beyond their governmental or private insurance coverage.
Protection is also provided against financial hardship for non-residents as non-resident charges may
be waived or reduced in accordance with an income-based discount chart that is based upon federal
poverty guidelines for Washington State.
Additionally, the Fire Department is recommending that the Council adopt a paramedic intercept
service charge. Paramedic intercept services are advanced life support (ALS) services delivered by
a Port Angeles Fire Department paramedic to a patient being transported by a separate agency. This
service is most often provided during an emergency ambulance transport in which a volunteer
ambulance that can only provide basic life support (BLS) services is dispatched to transport a
patient. If the patient needs advanced pre-hospital medical interventions such as the administration
of medications, ECG monitoring, or IV therapy, the paramedic agency is dispatched to meet the
BLS ambulance as it is emoute to the hospital. The paramedic moves to the BLS ambulance and
Utility Advisory Committee
Page 2
December 12, 2006
provides ALS services to the patient while the BLS ambulance continues to transport the patient.
Currently, the Port Angeles Fire Department receives no revenue for a paramedic intercept.
First, this service is not covered by our mutual aid agreements. The situation described usually
occurs with agencies that cannot provide a reasonable degree of reciprocating a similar response.
Both State law and our current Master Mutual Aid Agreement do not allow the City to provide
services outside its boundaries through mutual aid unless there is a joint benefit to both
jurisdictions. Second, our current ordinance does not provide a charge for this type of service. To
allow the continuation of a paramedic intercept by the Port Angeles Fire Department to those
jurisdictions who cannot provide the City with a similar response, staff proposes to charge a
paramedic intercept fee of $500. This fee will be charged to the agency requesting the paramedic
intercept and will bring the City into compliance with State law. Most importantly, this fee will
allow the continuation of a service that will benefit our neighbors who are in urgent need of
advanced pre-hospital interventions.
The proposed rate adjustment and the proposed paramedic intercept charge have been reviewed by
the City's Attorney and by the City's Finance Director.
Bremerton $360.00 $425.00 $7.00 None
Central Kitsap $400.00 $500.00 $500.00 $10.00 None
Fire & Rescue
Chimacum $3 10.00 $465.00 $569.00 $12.00 None
Port Ludlow $310.00 $570.00 $570.00 $12.00 None
Poulsbo $350.00 $500.00 $550.00 $10.00 Oxygen $35
IV Therapy $30
C-Collar $25
Olympic $450.00 $650.00 $15.00 Oxygen w/cannula $91.50
Ambulance OSHAlW1SHA $20
IV Therapy $80
C-Collar $37.50
ECG monitoring $132.00
Quilcene $375.00 $500.00 $650.00 $10.00 Oxygen $13.00
Average $365.00 $515.71 $567.80 $10.86
Port Angeles $380.00 $480.00 $580.00 $10. 00 Disposable Supplies $33
Medic I
DATE:
To:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
~RTNGELES
WAS H I N G TON, U. S. A.
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMO
December 12,2006
UTILITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Jeff Young, WWTP Superintendent
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Renewal
Summary: This is an informational memo to inform the UAC ofthe status ofthe Wastewater
Treatment Plant NPDES permit.
Recommendation: InformationalOnlv.
Background/Analysis: City staff has completed the permit renewal application for the
Wastewater Treatment Plant and will be submitting it to the Department of Ecology shortly. The
renewal application is due 180 days before the current permit expires. The current Department of
Ecology discharge permit No. W A0023973 expires on June 30, 2007. This NPDES renewal
permit will cover the period from July 1, 2007 through June 30,2012. There will be a thirty-day
comment period, after we receive the draft permit.
PW 0101_06 [Revised 07/24/03]
FORTANGELES
WAS H I N G TON, U. S. A.
Utility Advisory Committee Memo
Date:
December 12, 2006
To:
Utility Advisory Committee
From:
Larry Dunbar, Power Resources Manager
Subject:
Smart Metering and Time-Based Rates
Summary: In accordance with the Energy Policy Act of2005, the electric utility is required to
offer its customers smart metering and time-based rates no later than February 8,2007. The
proposed smart metering and time-based rates will be presented at the meeting.
Recommendation: Forward a favorable recommendation to City Council to proceed with a
public hearing on the proposed smart metering and time-based rates.
Background/Analysis: On November 14, 2006, staff presented information to the Utility
Advisory Committee about the Energy Policy Act of2005 that requires all electric utilities in the
United States of America to offer smart metering and time-based retail rates to their customers no
later than February 8, 2007. The Act also requires the City to conduct a public involvement
process by August 8, 2007 to determine if it should proceed with smart metering and time-based
rates on a system-wide basis.
Although the Act mandates the City to offer smart metering and time-based rates, it does not
preclude the City from recovering it's costs to provide such services. It is proposed that time-
based rates be optional and based on the City's cost of service, and participating customers be
required to pay a new smart meter charge. Staff will present the proposed smart metering and
time-based rates at the meeting.
Staff requests that the Utility Advisory Committee forward a favorable recommendation to City
Council to set a public hearing date on January 2,2007 for a presentation on the proposed smart
metering and time-based rates and to allow public input after the presentation. The public hearing
would be continued to January 16, 2007 at which time the public hearing would be closed. City
Council will be requested to consider adoption of a new rate ordinance at the January 16, 2007
City Council meeting.
N:\UAC\Final\Smart Meters & Time-Based Rates Presentation.doc
Time Of Use Rate
May Reduce Energy Costs
Are you able to conveniently shift KWHH to
KWHL? Examples of the most convenient
ways to shift energy use include:
./ Install a time clock on a water heater
to only operate during KWHL.
./ Operate appliances only during
KWHL (e.g., clothes washer, dryer
and dishwasher).
./ Reduce the temperature setting of
your heating system during KWHH.
./ Alter your lifestyle and habits to shift
other energy use to KWHL.
Notices
The City reserves the right to change
terms, rates, and requiremen s. The .
makes no warranty, expresse 'mplied,
that the examples of ways to shift energy
use are appropriate or your energy costs
will be more or less under the uniform rate
or time of use rate.
The Customer shall indemnify and hold
harmless the City, its officers, officials,
employees, and volunteers harmless from
any and all claims, injuries, damages,
losses or suits, including attorney fees,
arising or issuing out of or in connection
with smart metering and time of use rates,
except as may be caused by the sole
negligence or willful conduct on the part of
the City.
To Participate You Must...
.:. Be a City of Port Angeles residential
electric utility customer.
.:. Be charged the time of use rate for a
minimum term of one-year.
.:. Complete and return this application
along with a $400 payment.
Smart Metering &
Time Of Use Rate
It's Easy To Participate
Step 1 The first step is to complete and
sign the application below.
Step 2 Mail this applicati
payment to:
17
Application
(Please Print)
Customer Name:
Residential
Application
Mailing Address:
For more information
Port Angeles Service Address (if different):
Visit the City's website at.
www.cityofpa.lls
Utility Account Number:
Contact the City by mail at:
City of Port Angeles
P.O. Box 1150
Port Angeles, WA 98362-0217
Phone:
Customer Signature
Date
N:\PWKSILIGH1\CONS\IFORMSIFORMS2007\TIME-BASED RATES RESIDENTIAL 020807.DOC
Notices
By signing this Application, you agree to
the terms and conditions of smart
metering and time of use rates in Chapter
13.12 of the Port Angeles Municipal Code.
The BPA can adjust wholesale rates and
the City can adjust retail rates, which can
affect your energy costs and potential
savings.
The smart meter charge is not refundable.
If a customer chooses to return to the
uniform rate a $25 utility service fee will be
charged. The City reserves the right to
change terms, rates, and requirements.
The City makes no warranty, expressed or
implied, that the examples of ways to shift
energy use are appropriate or your rgy
costs will be more or less un he
uniform rate or time of use ra e.
The Customer shall indemnif and h Id
harmless the City, its officers, officia s,
employees, and volunteers h rmles fro
any and all claims, injuries, d mage ,
losses or suits, including atto ney fees,
arising or issuing out of or in 0 Ion
with smart metering and time of use rates,
except as may be caused by the sole
negligence or willful conduct on the part of
the City.
To Participate You Must...
.:. Be a City of Port Angeles commercial
electric utility customer.
.:. Be charged the time of use rate for a
minimum term of one-year.
.:. Complete and return this application
along with a $400 payment.
It's Easy To Participate
Step 1 The first step is to complete and
sign the application below.
Step 2 Mail the application and $400
payment to:
City of Port Angeles
P.O. Box 1150
Port Angeles, WA 98362-0217
Step 3 City installation of the smart
meter may take up to six weeks.
Smart Metering &
Time Of Use Rate
Application
(Please Print)
Customer Name:
Co:mmercial
Application
For more information
Visit the City's website at:
www.cityofpa.us
Customer Signature
Date
N:\PWKSIlIGHl\CONS\IFORMSIFORMS2007lTIME-BASEO RATES RESIDENTIAL 020807.DOC
Contact the City by mail at:
City of Port Angeles
P.O. Box 1150
Port Angeles, WA 98362-0217
-
City of Port Angeles
Smart Metering & Time-Based Rates
Utility Advisory Committee
December 12, 2006
Larry Dunbar, Power ResQurces Manager
Glossary of Acronyms
. 10 & 30 - Single phase & three phase
. AMR - Automatic meter reading
. BPA - Bonneville Power Administration
. Demand - f<W or KV A
. EPACT - Energy Policy Act of 2005
. HLH - Heavy load hours (from 6AM to 10PM, Monday through Saturday)
. HTE - Refers to our Utility Billing System
. KVA - Kilovolt-amps (apparent demand)
. f<W - Kilowatt (real demand)
. f<WHH -Kilowatt-hours (energy use) during HLH
. f<WHL- Kilowatt-hours (energy use) during LLH
. LLH - Light load hours (all hours other than HLH)
. S - Summer
. "Time-based rates" synonymous with "time of use rates" (TOU)
. Uniform rate - Current postage stamp energy rate structure
. W - Winter
1
Sunday
Only KWHL
No Demand
Monday-Saturday
KWHH & KWHL
Demand during HLH1
'Retail demand charges only apply to general service demand & primary customers
EPACT -Item A
February 8. 2007 Federal Mandate
Smart meters and optional TOU rates
- Customer option
- Smart (programmable).meter & manual reading
- TOU rates (KWHH, KWHL, Demand)
- Here to stay
5
3
Proposed Optional TOU Rates
KWHH KVA
KWHL Demand Smart Meter
Rate Class Basic Charae Charaes Charae Charae
$ 0.0618 $375 10
Residential $11.0010 $ 0.0417
$15.0010 $ 0.0619 $375 10
General Service $37.5030 $ 0.0421 $375 30
Nan-Profit Tax $15.0010 $ 0.0669 $37510
Deductible $37.5030 $ 0.0468 $375 30
General Service $30.00 10 $ 0.0430 $ 2.21 $375 10
Demand $75.00 30 $ 0.0346 $375 30
$ 0.0390
Primarv $200.0030 $ 0.0306 $ 3.07 $375 30
Utility Service Fee (Each Time Same CustomerAt Same Location
Changes From Uniform to TOU Rate & Vice Versa) $25
8
Maximum Poss.ible Monthly Savings
~
98% of all customers
po
27%
- Maximum Cost Savings - Maximum Percent Savings
30%
26%
20%
21%
$17
$31
$99
Residential
General Service
Non-Profit Tax
Deductible
General Service
o em and
Primary
Based on shifting ALL KWHH to LLH
Based on shifting M:b KWHH & KVA Demand to LLH
SA VINGS WILL BE LESS & TaU MA Y COST MORE
9
5
1 ;:'-'.?"!:."'-: .'.."",' ", - ""_-';~'! ~.~-~{'>;::.\,:~;.
~ORTANGELES
WAS H I N G TON, U. S. A.
Utility Advisory Committee Memo
Date:
December 12, 2006
To:
Utility Advisory Committee
From:
Stephen Sperr, P.E., Engineering Manager
Subject:
Urban Growth Area Utilities Franchise with Clallam County
Summary: In order to extend urban services to Port Angeles' Urban Growth Area (UGA)
surrounding the City, and in particular the sanitary sewer to the eastern UGA, a Utilities Franchise
is required to allow these services to be constructed within Clallam County's road rights-of-way.
Recommendation: Forward a favorable recommendation to City Council to authorize the
Mayor to sign a Utilities Franchise with Clallam County.
Background/Analysis: The County-funded sewer extension project into the eastern UGA is
routed through a number of county road rights-of-way (see attached map). Since the sewer
extension will be owned and operated by the City of Port Angeles, a Utilities Franchise is needed
within these rights-of-way. A Utilities Franchise typically allows the franchisee to construct,
extend, connect, repair, maintain, operate and remove utilities (such as electric, fiber optics,
telecommunication, stormwater, wastewater and water), including utility infrastructure, facilities
and appurtenances over, under, along, across, and upon county roads and their rights-of-way.
A Utilities Franchise was negotiated using the County's standard franchise agreement as a
template. Because there is some existing City-owned utilities within County rights-of-way that do
not currently have a franchise, it was agreed that this Utility Franchise would include those
existing facilities.
The following is a discussion of some of the more important elements of this Utilities Franchise,
includes electric, stormwater, wastewater and water utility infrastructure, facilities and
appurtenances:
A. Terms - The term ofthis franchise shall be for a period of five (5) years, beginning on the
effective date of this franchise, unless terminated, revoked or modified under the provisions
of this franchise. This franchise shall be automatically renewed for additional five (5) year
terms up to a total of20 years (per Charter) years from the effective date of this franchise,
UNLESS, the County gives notice of its intention to renegotiate the terms or conditions of
the franchise, in which case, the franchise shall not renew unless and until the County and the
Grantee reach agreement on terms and conditions acceptable to both parties.
PW 0] 01_06 [Revised 6/06]
UGA Utilities Franchise
December 12, 2006
Page 2
B. Permits - No construction within a road shall commence until a Right of Way Permit has
been submitted to and approved by the County for a site-specific location or installation,
including but not limited to, relocations and repairs. Routine maintenance does not require a
ROW Permit.
C. Records - The Grantee shall maintain adequate records to document obligations performed
under this franchise. Grantee shall at all times keep at its principal place of business full and
complete plans, maps, and records showing the as-built location and details of all franchise
facilities located over, under, along, across, or upon the roads.
D. Maintenance and Repair - The Grantee shall maintain its facilities in accordance with
accepted standards of practice. In case of any damage to said roads or to the property of third
parties, resulting from any work performed or failed to be performed by the Grantee, the
Grantee agrees to immediately repair said damage at its own cost and expense.
E. Relocation of Utilities - The County may require the Grantee to relocate utilities. However,
Grantee shall be able to seek reimbursement from the development (if applicable) for
expenses incurred during relocation.
F. Undergrounding of Facilities - In any area ofthe County in which there are no aerial
facilities, in any area in which telephone, electric power wires or other cables have been
placed underground, or in any area where the Board of Commissioners requires conversion
of aerial to underground facilities, the Grantee will lay wires, cables or other facilities
underground in the manner required by the County at no cost to the County.
G. Vacation - Whenever a county road or portion thereofthat contains City facilities is vacated
the County shall include in the resolution authorizing the vacation a provision that the City
retain an easement in respect to the vacated land for the construction, repair, and
maintenance of public utilities, and services which at the time the resolution is adopted are
authorized or are physically located on a portion of the land being vacated.
H. Compensation - In consideration for the granting of this franchise, Grantee shall pay Clallam
County $1000.00 for the actual costs including overhead and indirect costs incurred by the
County in the processing and administration of this franchise.
There are other provisions addressing liability, insurance, severability, etc., but these have been
reviewed and accepted by the City Attorney.
It is recommended that the Utility Advisory Committee forward a favorable recommendation to
City Council to authorize the Mayor to sign a Utilities Franchise with Clallam County.
[90/9 p:lSlA:l}1] 90-1010 Md
gg~ ~
e9
~:<
H <{z ~ ~
.~ ~
,,\lo't'
-~