HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Packet 02/10/2015 Utility Advisory Committee
Jack Pittis Conference Room
Port Angeles, WA 98362
February 10, 2015 @ 3:00 p.m.
AGENDA
L Call To Order
II. Roll Call
III. Approval Of Minutes For January 13, 2015
IV. Late Items
V. Discussion Items:
VI. Information Only Items:
A. Delinquent Billing Cycle Grace Period Update(verbal report only)
B. Cable Television Franchise Focus Group Meetings (verbal report only)
C. Seasonal Water Use Program Communications Plan Update(verbal report only)
D. Bonneville Power Administration Strategic Intent (verbal report only)
E. LED Lighting: A New Factor in Energy Conservation (verbal report only)
VII. Next Meeting Date: March 10, 2015
VIII. Adjournment
N:AUAC\MEETINGS\UAC2015\UACO21015\021015 Agenda.docx
Utility Advisory Committee
Jack Pittis Conference Rooms
Port Angeles, WA 98362
January 13, 2015
3:00 p.m.
L Call To Order
Chairman Lynn Bedford called the meeting to order at 3:00 p.m.
IL Roll Call
UAC Assigned
Councilmembers Present: Dan DiGuilio, Dan Gase, Sissi Bruch(3:28)
Other Councilmembers
Absent: Cherie Kidd, Lee Whetham, Brad Collins,Patrick Downie
Utility Advisory
Committee Members
Present: Lynn Bedford, Betsy Wharton
Utility Advisory
Committee Members
Absent: Paul Elliot,John LeClerc
Staff Present: Craig Fulton,Phil Lusk, Sondya Wray, Kathryn Neal, Byron Olson,
Heidi Greenwood
Others Present: 2 Citizens
III, Approval Of Minutes
Chairman Lynn Bedford asked if there were any corrections to the amended minutes of December 09, 2014.
Betsy Wharton moved to approve the minutes. Dan Gase seconded the motion,which carried unanimously.
IV. Late Items:
None.
V. Discussion Items:
A. 2015 Water Utility Engineering Services, Contract WA-15-005 for E Street Reservoir
Improvements,Project WTOI-2009
Kathryn Neal, Engineering Manager, explained that professional engineering services are required to
complete the design of the pipe and valve revisions, and a new pressure deducing valve station at the E Street
Reservoir. The proposed contract with CH2M Hill Engineers provides scope and budget for design and
construction support for the E Street Reservoir Improvements. The proposed contract also provides a budget
of$15,000 that may be authorized during 2015 for other Water Utility engineering services that may become
necessary. There was a lengthy discussion.
Betsy Wharton moved to recommend City Council to authorize the City Manager to sign the 2015
Water Utility Professional Services Agreement with CH2M Hill Engineers in an amount not to exceed
$47,556. Sissi Bruch seconded the motion,which carried unanimously.
B. Recommendation for the Utility Advisory Committee Industrial Transmission
Representative
Phil Lusk, Deputy Director of Power and Telecommunication Systems, discussed a change in the Utility
Advisory Committee's Industrial Transmission representative has been requested. Mr. Rob Feller, Manager
of Technical Services for Nippon Paper Industries USA, Inc.has been nominated to replace Mr.Paul Elliot.
There was a brief discussion.
Dan Gase moved to recommend to City Council to appoint Mr.Rob Feller to serve on the Utility
Advisory Committee and represent the Industrial Transmission constituency.Betsy Wharton
seconded the motion,which carried unanimously.
Vi. Information Only Item
A. Seasonal Water Use Program Communications Plan Update(verbal report only)
Information only. No action taken.
Vii. Next Meeting Dates: February 10,2014
VIIL Adjournment: 4:00 p.m.
Dan DiGuilio, Mayor Sondya Wray, Administrative Specialist II
0
N
V �
cd
L
( � LL N
1
V M
w
U �
a�o
m
f Ln
a
� L
.— o
CL
o
to
° ooh
to
C
to
tQ
-°° C' � a)
C�j .� �
_ U
O O
to O C�j to C�j
[� to � � O. U U U U � � Ll El 1:1
..................
. . .... .....
.........
..... . ..... ..
0 '
U 4J, , co
CL
.�
LL — N N
V
ld
co
L L
S H — — N
Ln
W w Z 0 ,,,,,
LU LA Z p Z LU
�.., pZZoc
(40 �
3 Z LL W 0 Q
.� M * " N V LL
csi
c
o f cr*
._ CL
o `
N �
O%
U N f30 — N N
O cd
C�j CA
pi �. O O cg O
O bA N N O N >
cd cd 4 cd N
N
cd CJ
CA
C�j 00 v N O CJ
4+
V
U
LL N
W �
^� M
W w
V
L a
L o
CL
o
to
° ooh C
kf)
° a
bA p N N p
N c CA
C�j Zs O.� O � C N N � O O
O O bA N 61 'C�j
U 0 0 0 j U N ® El
0
co
N
LL fps O t-.1
�+rV C14 C14
s ON .o
•— _
M
co Ln
`a ......... .........� .........� .........�........ — N
' O W
Z p Z
� ZZoC
H � t-. VCL LLa N
�s
° rn
r+n O
f
Q
C
cq ON
U
N N
O cd
� N
� O N
r cd O 2 '� r p
O O N -
r cd 4a
�
A. U � � cd U � � � N .� E
R / U N
N pC�j $D. N "0 N N �NN N c$ N CA
CIJ N N
cn
CJ
CA
O O O O
mo
l�
a,
1
w� M �/ / (,✓,, ,,ter' U) �, III/f Ii�� � ��r � � %
l N yd
0
J
i
tr
l
rr/
✓:
r
J/
11 a/i J, r�,r, 1„ ;�,✓ l, rA, d ,,,Dl'r,Jrlllll -,J,,d r ,lJ„�lr,ll /„,�OP�,I,✓,,,,l�l,l /.r//9„� 1,1(IIIIIJII ,rl���
'Qt are What's your vision for cable service and local community media in
Port Angeles--now and for the next 10-15 years? The City of Port Angeles
invites you to be a part of the future of local cable service and community
media by participating in a series of focus groups on February 24-25.
These focus groups are part of the Port Angeles cable franchise renewal process
with WAVE Broadband. The focus groups will provide an opportunity for the
community to learn about the renewal process and to share opinions about
future services that could be available through the WAVE cable system.
When and Tuesday, February 24 Wednesday, February 25
where e Vern Burton Community Center Port Angeles Skills Center
Conference Room Room 230
9:30 to 11:30 am 3:30 to 5:30 pm
Local Government: Administration, Pre-K-12 and Post-Secondary
Department Heads, Staff, Board & Education: Teachers, Administrators,
Commission Members and Elected Staff, Parents and Students
All sessions Officials
open to 2:00 to 4:00 pm 7:00 to 9:00 pm
Arts, Culture, Music and Heritage Community, Non-Profit, Civic and
Organizations: Staff, Boards Faith-Based Groups & Organizations:
Volunteers and Patrons Staff, Boards, Volunteers & Clients
The Buske Group, a consulting firm assisting the City with the
franchise renewal processes, will conduct the focus group sessions.
If you plan to attend, please RSVP to www.surveymonkey.com/s/Port_Angeles
(or contact Gregg King at 360-417-4710 or gking@cityofpa.us)
B 0 N N E V I L L E P 0 W E R A D M I N I S T R A T 1 0 N
CLARIFYING BPA OBLIGATIONS
STRATEGIC INTENT PAPER
01 91
Background
This document is an expression of BPA's strategic intent developed in fiscal year 2014
through a series of conversations with BPA executives and subject matter experts. Initially the
conversations were labeled "BPA long-term business strategy" with the goal of adjusting the
current business model to continue to deliver value to the region. As the sessions continued,
the group focused on critical areas where there were perceived tensions or conflicts between
BPA's obligations to its regional preference customers and its obligations under its open access
transmission tariff that required greater clarity, resolution, and direction. The dialogue
centered on BPA's ability to fulfill its mission and meet its multiple statutory obligations as the
industry evolves and external forces continue to affect BPA's traditional business model.
Industry Evolution
In 1937, the Bonneville Project Act created BPA and directed it to market federally
produced hydroelectric power to customers, giving preference and priority in power sales to
public bodies and cooperatives. The Act authorized BPA to construct, own and operate
transmission facilities to deliver federal power at cost. BPA's marketing and delivery of federal
power was bundled, with cost-based rates recovering both the costs of the federal power and
the federal transmission system used to deliver the power to customers. For three decades,
BPA and its customers benefited from hydro and transmission systems that had surplus energy
and capacity.
In 1964 the Pacific Northwest Regional Preference Act was passed which established a
regional preference to BPA's surplus hydro power (energy and capacity).This addressed
concerns that once the Pacific Northwest and the California and Southwest regions became
interconnected via the construction of the AC-DC transmission line, that the preference clause
would extend to entities out of region and threaten the use of federal power for Pacific
Northwest needs. Under the operation of this law and policy, the needs of the administrator's
power customers in the Pacific Northwest must be met first before surplus power can be sold
extra-regionally.
By the late 1960s, BPA anticipated limits to the hydro system and issued Notices of
Insufficiency to investor-owned utilities in 1967, then to preference customers in 1977. To
respond to the need for additional power (energy and capacity), the region's utilities began to
plan to add new generation, mainly nuclear plants.
In 1974, Congress passed the Transmission System Act that required BPA to be self
financing and vested the administrator with broad authority to construct and integrate and
transmit both federal and non-federal power. The impetus for the Act was to support the
development of the Hydro Thermal Power Program whereby regional utilities would invest in
the development and construction of non-federal thermal generation and BPA would construct
the transmission system to interconnect such resources. By being free of the congressional
appropriation process, BPA would be able to construct transmission on a more efficient and
expedient basis. The Transmission System Act also required BPA to make surplus transmission
capacity, capacity not needed to transmit federal power, available to all utilities on a non-
discriminatory basis.
After the 1980 Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act passed,
BPA was authorized to acquire resources on a long-term basis to meet the net load
requirements of regional utilities (if requested), mitigate impacts to fish and wildlife, implement
the Residential Exchange Program, and acquire energy conservation as a resource to meet load.
BPA was directed to offer long-term power sales contracts to its regional customers. Congress
also reaffirmed the preference and priority to public bodies and cooperatives at all times in the
marketing or disposition of federal power.
In the 1990s, the energy regulatory landscape in the region began to change
dramatically. In 1992, Congress passed the Energy Policy Act to create open access transmission
and prevent undue discrimination. This act gave the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) the authority to order BPA to provide transmission under certain circumstances while
assuring that BPA followed applicable statutes. In 1996, FERC restructured the electric industry
when it issued Orders 888 and 889. Under Order 888, the following key Open Access
Transmission Tariff, or GATT, policies were implemented:
1. Transmission capacity was to be awarded on a first-come, first-served basis.
2. Two types of transmission service were to be offered: Point-to-point, or PTP,
which is transmission sold from Point A to Point B, and Network, or NT,
service, which is a load following service intended to integrate various types
of generating resources).
3. Transmission providers were required to offer to build transmission if they
had insufficient capacity to satisfy a request for service.
BPA is not subject to FERC jurisdiction under sections 205 and 206 of the Federal Power
Act. Those sections provide the legal basis for FERC's Order 888 and 889 mandating that utilities
adopt the pro forma open access transmission tariff. Although not required by FERC, BPA
decided to adopt the FERC Open Access orders with certain modifications and "deregulate"
with the rest of the industry. This decision was based on several directives or assumptions,
including:
• BPA would separate its transmission function from its power function and
become the Regional Transmission Organization or Independent System
Operator in the Pacific Northwest;
• A 1995 Department of Energy memo supporting FERC's effort for national
open access that directed power marketing administrations, including BPA,
to support it;
2
• BPA could meet its statutory obligations under the open access transmission
provisions; and
• Additional assumptions stated in BPA's 1995 business plan.
In 1996, BPA functionally separated into distinct power and transmission business lines.
However, this split was based on assumptions about the industry's future that did not come to
fruition. The region did not establish a Regional Transmission Organization or Independent
System Operator.
In response to sentiments aimed at anti-manipulation of gas prices, heightened fears
about grid reliability, and a desire for compliance with FERC regulations, Congress passed the
Energy Policy Act of 2005. The Act created section 211A of the Federal Power Act, giving FERC
the authority to exercise jurisdiction over BPA and other non-jurisdictional utilities by requiring
them to provide transmission service at rates comparable to those the utility charges itself, and
on terms and conditions that are comparable to those it offers itself and that are not unduly
discriminatory or preferential. FERC rarely uses this authority, but has used it at least once
against BPA. The provision is similar to the provision in the Energy Policy Act of 1992, but does
not specifically account for BPA's unique statutory obligations.
Starting in the mid-2000s, the BPA Balancing Authority, or BA, experienced rapid
increases in wind generation to over 4,500 megawatts. As a result, today the BPA BA
experiences significant generation production volatility requiring additional reserve
requirements in order to provide balancing services to the variable generation resources. Since
the hydro system is only capable of providing a finite amount of balancing capacity for wind
integration, BPA is continuing to explore collaborative and creative approaches to adapt to the
changing industry landscape that will provide certainty to preference customers while meeting
BPA's other obligations as an open access transmission provider.
This document is intended to explain or summarize at a high level what customers and
stakeholders should expect from BPA in key areas as we evolve to adapt to the changing
industry landscape.
A. CWifying obUgations to 13PA�s regional customers
BPA's regional customers, established in BPA's authorizing statutes, include several
entities including: public bodies, cooperatives, federal agencies, and investor-owned utilities.
Since 1937 BPA has always met its power marketing obligations to supply federal power to
serve the firm power needs of its regional power customers. In doing so, BPA must give
preference and priority to public body and cooperative utilities before offering to serve non-
preference entities. With the advent of open access transmission, BPA started to offer new
power and transmission products to a broader set of users, such as marketers and independent
power producers—including companies marketing wind power. As demand grew for these
services, BPA began to realize that the available energy and capacity from the federal hydro
system would not be sufficient to meet all competing demands, causing customers and
stakeholders to be increasingly concerned about getting their "fair share" from BPA. As a direct
consequence, ambiguity about "who BPA is here to serve" and uncertainty increased over time.
3
In FY 2014, BPA reviewed its statutory, regulatory and contractual obligations and
affirmed that its preference customers are its core constituency.
B. Morif'ying BPA�s obllluigatuioin to Ipreference customers
BPA is obligated to meet its statutory and contractual obligations to preference
customers so they can meet their total retail loads and load growth, minus their own non-
federal power supply (i.e., the power they purchase and/or produce from their own non-federal
generators). BPA believes that the NT planning and capacity reservation provisions of the FERC
pro forma open access tariff are consistent with BPA' statutory obligations to its preference
customers. Fully enabling these provisions will require a renewed partnership between BPA and
its customers to jointly plan for their future power and firm transmission needs regardless of
whether the customers' power supply comes from BPA and the federal power system or from
nonfederal generation. To accomplish this, BPA will work with these customers and institute
clear, transparent load service business practices to define the roles and responsibilities for BPA
and its customers. Internally, BPA will create an integrated planning function to anticipate
incremental power and transmission load service needs.
C. Clarifying BPA�s approach to generation capacity
As an open access transmission service provider, BPA has an obligation to provide
Ancillary and Control Area Services, or ACS, to support basic transmission services, including
providing balancing reserves for interconnected renewable generation. To date, BPA has
primarily met its obligation to provide ACS using the inherent flexibilities of the federal hydro
projects. The demands on the federal hydro system have increased dramatically since
restructuring in the mid-1990s and the renewable resource boom in the Pacific Northwest that
started in the mid-2000s.The competing demands for generation energy and capacity have
prompted BPA to clarify that it will ensure preference customer priority and preference to the
federal hydro system generation energy and capacity prior to making it available for other ACS
services for non-preference customers.
BPA will provide ACS to non-preference customers through surplus hydro energy and
capacity, and BPA will be explicit in demonstrating the statutory and physical limits on the
FCRPS. If the hydro system cannot provide enough capacity to meet all obligations, it is BPA's
intent to acquire and dispatch nonfederal resources as necessary for non-preference
customers.
BPA will maximize the value of the system for preference customers by exploring new
opportunities, including development of innovative and competitive product offerings derived
from the unique capabilities and flexibilities of the hydro system. Offerings could include
regulation response services for other regional utilities.
4
D. Clarifying 13PA�s comi mite ment to tlhe FERC open access transmission poHcies
BPA remains committed to providing non-discriminatory open access transmission
through the BPA GATT, so long as it can continue to meet its statutory responsibilities to
preference customers and others. BPA will aspire to meet the spirit and letter of the FERC pro
forma tariff by implementing a comprehensive BPA OATT compliance program.
Ultimately, if BPA determines that it cannot honor its statutory and contractual
responsibilities through pro forma language adopted in its existing GATT, BPA will consider
revising its OATT and moving away from pro forma in those areas, as needed. In that event, BPA
may not continue to pursue reciprocity and will not file its tariff at FERC for approval.
Regardless of BPA's reciprocity status, BPA will continue to engage in regional and national
energy policies related to issues important to the agency and its stakeholders.
E. Clarifying 13PA�s approach to optimize operation of time Mancing Authority
The Northwest has a longstanding tradition of addressing operational challenges
through coordinated system operations, including the Pacific Northwest Hydro Coordination
Agreement, Contingency Reserves Sharing and regional collaboration on wind integration. As
needs evolve, BPA will continue with its tradition of collaboration to help the region and the
western interconnection move forward in this time of industry evolution. BPA will collaborate
with the region to make the current bilateral energy and capacity markets more efficient and
may become part of a centralized regional Security Constrained Economic Dispatch mechanism
if the business case and governance framework prove amenable to regional parties and
demonstrate value to BPA's customers.
As a consequence of functionally separating BPA's power marketing function from its
transmission function in the mid-1990s, BPA's power and transmission operations evolved
separately. This created significant communication barriers between Power and Transmission,
many of which can now be eliminated through greater clarity and understanding of FERC
Standards of Conduct requirements. Internally, BPA will take practical steps to further integrate
communication and coordination between power and transmission operations to maintain and
enhance reliability. BPA will work to increase coordination between power and transmission
assets through, for example, improved redispatch during periods of system congestion.
BPA will modernize its Balancing Authority through prioritized technological investments
to maximize the value of the assets through efficient operations. These tools will increase
situational awareness and visibility, and will be shared across the agency's power and
transmission functions in order to operate the BA most efficiently and effectively. Adoption of a
one-BPA commercial operations strategy will provide BPA with the core functionality required
to meet modern standards for situational awareness, integrate non-federal balancing resources
into dispatch, and better communicate with adjacent balancing authorities through evolving
operational mechanisms and market designs. This will include efforts to increase dynamic
transfer capacity and automate Remedial Action Schemes.
5
IF. Morifying BPA�s oro�e in regional transmission expansson
Since 2008, BPA has played a central role in expanding the transmission system in the
region through its network open season, or NOS, transmission policies in the BPA GATT. During
a five-year period beginning roughly with the first NOS process in 2008, a significant amount of
wind generation was connected in the Pacific Northwest.
BPA acknowledges that in the future there may be dynamic shifts away from the
traditional transmission expansion paradigm. The recession that began in 2008 caused
electricity demands to decline and to grow at a slower rate, and substantial changes in market
conditions and state policies led to continuing shifts in the business environment. As a result,
some customers, particularly wind developers, determined they no longer needed transmission
service they had requested from BPA. In addition, due to increases in distributed generation
development and increasingly cost-effective new technologies, there are new dynamics
affecting the roles and interdependencies between distribution and transmission.
As BPA takes a central role in regional planning it will look for new arrangements and
partnerships where system expansion is needed. The fast-changing landscape of the electricity
sector and changing demands of the transmission grid will increase the risk of stranded costs to
BPA's end-use customer base. BPA will critically evaluate how it is deploying its limited capital
and will pursue alternative ownership and financing models to minimize its costs and debt
burden. BPA will employ robust modeling scenarios to better understand what may happen to
future transmission use as it determines how to evaluate and plan for the need for new
transmission.
BPA will ensure that the transmission system is planned in a manner that extracts the
maximum value out of the existing system consistent with its load service obligations. BPA will
be an active leader and participant in regional transmission planning.
G. Clarify BPA�s approach to regional coHabooration
BPA will collaborate with the region to advance a reliable, efficient and environmentally
sustainable power system. BPA will continue to be engaged with the region to advance issues
that are consistent with BPA's mission and where BPA's participation will be most
advantageous to customers and the region. BPA will speak externally with one, unified and
consistent voice. "One BPA" external messaging will be developed through a disciplined internal
policy development process, effective cross-agency decision making and clear accountability.To
the extent possible, BPA will consolidate and increase the efficiency of its BPA-led public
processes to reduce the burden on its customer and stakeholders and to address constraints on
BPA's internal resources.
6
<'� i ,,4,�-?',rr � , j,,. ,�f. � �,1 „„ �. � ,,, ^'✓ter
iirnircii,;-oii,�in,iuiaiai� pia,.ioriaiviiaiirric„iaoiiiii iii v it<c i i i,✓„uc„r,ariria ���...
of c,ilia iii�iineww�r iviivocri ro,,,.a�;nomi,%✓raio�eia.%i�i ieiiiri�,�ii aiiiie iin✓.:ii i ,riva� ,�;,:nor�i :,r.�ai i mein ,.iiii�aiixUaii.,
I
i
I I
o _
t i t ;i. �,ti"� 1.i ... ,,. •,1t� C I �4': �`�' I f- 1!'t 1 '.;# t -.• � i ,�
11 I '1 I i' y
.'� i � 1' 'I' i s • ^1 I it I ��
3
1 t - • '' W ,auk '� t,,. '
1
WIN t W41,18
1- I, 1 �, v. [ +,, 1, �'.(�a, 1• 1
i
#1
?;.'►� 'K • 1 �1,� �-, � ',l �:t ,xe 1, i
CLEARING UP , December 5,2014 - No. 1675 e Page 7
Continuedfrom page 3 lighting is about 2 percent, what growth factor for LEI)
wasted was found roughly equal to the residual electrical lighting would it take to get close to an 80-percent market
energy now consumed in Idaho and Montana. penetration for LED lighting by 2030?
That's right--in theory, both Idaho and Montana could If we're really wasting 16 percent of all electrical
be powered with the energy now wasted on inefficient energy by using inefficient lighting in this region, I
lighting. Wasted electrical energy from inefficient lighting estimate this comes to a total of 3,225 aMW. Using a
is the third largest "state" in the Pacific Northwest. regional CO2 production rate average of 587 pounds per
Perhaps you're thmkmg that while LEIS lights may be MWh of electricity, carbon offsets are then estimated to
a significant improvement,how long will it take for them total 7.522 million metric tons.
to reach a dominant market penetration?The trajectory of By calculation, a 3.75-percent annual growth rate
compact fluorescent lamps that now have roughly a 30-percent for LED lighting would achieve an 80-percent market
market share Haight be illustrative,because most people do penetration of the estimated amount of electricity now being
not make wholesale change-outs just for energy savings. wasted by 2030. That's a total of 2,580 aMW, and for
Like many, I still have a few Cl~Ls left in their boxes. comparison, it would offset about 80 percent of the carbon
This is because of their poor color-rendering index and that Washington's largest coal-fired power plant now ernits.
the long time it takes for there to reach full light output. New Nude
And there's still the first-cost issue, as some people will
still opt for a cheaper bulb. flans to locate the first commercial small-scale nuclear
Because LED lighting uses semiconductors and will facility are expected to finalize in 2017, with a likely
therefore respond to a variant of Moore's Law, future siting in Idaho. The technology developer, NuScale
products will be better and cheaper than today's. Power, and its customer, Utah Associated Municipal
Recent improvements to LED bulbs have already Power Systems, expect the facility could be operating in
increased lighting efficiency and color quality. Several as few as nine years, or 2023.
manufacturers have ENERGY STAR-qualified bulbs Future small nuclear is estimated to cost roughly
surpassing 100 lumens per watt. For comparison, the four to six times the cost of converting to LEIS lighting.
typical efficiency of CFL bulbs is 55-70 lumens/W. Remember that when new marginal cost is greater than
Traditional incandescent bulbs, which do not meet current average costs, then average costs will increase.
light bulb efficiency standards, provide 13-18 lumens/W. There is also significant interest in building a similar
Carbon Reduction small nuclear facility in Washington. A joint select
legislative task force was created this year with a
It doesn't matter if you believe in global climate $4-million budget to study how the state can advance and
change or not—reducing carbon emissions on a "no support the use of nuclear power_ If a new regional thermal
regrets" basis is a good thing. "No regrets" means taking facility is proposed,the Northwest Dower Act would
action based on pragmatic measures that cut carbon require BPA to acquire the lowest-cost resources first. If
emissions and save money right away, there is any doubt, a market test could help objectively
According to the dean of the University of Washington determine the value of new thermal power. In the 1998
School of Public Health, increased carbon emissions Cost Review, BPA proposed a biennial market test for the
affect regional temperatures and snowpacks, leading region's existing large-scale nuclear plant.
to more droughts. Studies suggest that the current Given the projected fiscal requirements to modernize
14-percent annual probability of Washington having a the federal hydro system and maintain a credible energy
water shortage will roughly double by 2020. conservation program, the region must prioritize these
Reductions in carbon emissions are like money in the proven choices before it considers any new thermal-
bank. Because of compounding, smaller savings today facility construction.
should be preferred over the promises of larger reductions Dare to dream, but it just might be possible to
in the indefinite future. For example, an annual rate of use an emerging technology to both close existing
3.75 percent starting today compounds to a total of about carbon-ernitting thermal facilities as well as to avoid
12 percent in just three years. constructing expensive new thermal-generation facilities_
If commercial LED lighting currently has about Why pay more when you can use less and get the same
a 5-percent market penetration and residential LEI) result for less?[Philip Lusk].
�mn
signify t reductions in bon pollution," v. lay Inslee
Concerns About EPA Plan Details-from ' (D) said in his two-page cover letter of the state's comments,
j I which were developed with Washington's ecology and
While Washington strongly supports EPA's Clean commerce departments and the Washington UTC.
Power Plan, the state's comments highlight 12 key "We stand ready to continue to assist you in this
recommendations for improving the rule. priority work and urge the expeditious development and
e offer the enclosed comments in flee spirit of adoption of your al rifle,°' Inslee added.
rp ` e e e e e final rate will ive That said, the state suggests EPA use a multi-year
Copyright C 2014,Energy NewsData Corporation
U
Cl)
015
(a C/)
E
0 U)
O >'
O
J ° .� `� `Q,
U O Q CM T
0 O
C E E `� ti @U
U m O :1: --,,e S Q O cn
a H D U cy) 6-
FM
Cie
0
cl-
f
%Rho
i
All
r
At 44/
wqgg
/ KrJ i / i
/ l MI,
/
,
ri
IM
IIIIIIIII&
/ rii
/�� �j !r
/
�
,
'OiY
i
A /r / %'YllJiir/ iiiruu UI Y
CD U) M
a) W
E
LM
U p �--+
a) U to O
O � 0) —
co E
N O p O 0 0
4-0 z C) 4-0
N N N
O -- O
a) N C
>, a) U) � � � O O
3: C: M C: N
c�
.� � O C0 .— O a)
N p 3:,
O o o o
AW
CD . t- C)a) Q O .5 N W 1 - U
a�
-�
> Cl) C: C) M -P
—
N (� O W a) -27) U O n a)
— J
0
U L 4-0 C6
Fm O N Q o v Q
o ..
o l#0120
f4
1111 r# J odd 4j17 OSb
4
Cl)40 j��
011111 aO M
0 °J,
� 1111111 r# �UhOJ
o Odd 4p�o
0 07d�f SP/'l/
Q
0 1111111111 r#Q� �4hOJ spy��
O d�
2#o�d��4h°J rya,
0 111111111111111111111 '�o,�� 4hoJ P�4P
IMO 111111 r# Jgaj
° Glo
`Q o 111111 r#O
H O ?4, J J p4ad
° 111111 /)o
o
0 4
�+ N 111111
r# hO y�
J,/
� uuuuiw, .. OOd��4ho ,�i,pd
Lrl
c uuuih 4 h l# °`�4
\ w OOd��4 °Saa�/a�
o y4Vuuuuwuui Pyle
Sa
H W
v 111111 /o /a�4b
t111111 r#o�p4P/y'd
O r#00 J S/
d7 )
Z
111111 2 OOd✓4hO�Vi/�4p�
#
v 09 s
111111 r#o d' tis fP4
W 111111 r#OOd��4hOJV°�4ag
rn .. s Oho
�O, J
m 111111 ��/a°i d P�
)�Ja oa
r#o /';pas
o OdQl
4
h
Ln
0
l J
° #OOd ho
1-1 �4 b
ho
N O 00 tD N O J 9sQ
jo}e:)ollV}sod auo jail s
i
i
i
I
I
II
i
i IIII
I71
i
%iii/�%%/////��/�,'�////.i �Q%, ���r � � ✓ ����� I � i
v;
I
/
D � Il�iuliuuuuiiii
/
/
/
� 1
r�
1
ilroHr eral r��aarutmou�Oa� �ipbq rrrJJliiii 'r/o 'H ,��y r
rr,
�ry /�/�� lNlfl �n'9l h n1'�Yf���� I !%�J�)k�N��`",., nli % ✓ °IVIr my / � J 1 � o
r, � �@iNf �'i ✓ H %/�H �/ll°llur`"'� / �4�/d li, r i� /�/ f/ "! rg
' rr/
°�I III a 4Xd
I
'r J9aNfirt'ufir J'�/ r � '
�a�91(ar/ll�/� hrrlltiYt�y,NN Yr�i+UYouunnvw, rror/l��rur9r /rr r�// ! ��l ��rf I,r � % � ��� ��Jrf
JHi�r nHOr � �Y �
a jar/ p//�U /r,,,, Ji v Ji /u a%9f',r nrJy�lf✓ i IJ // / %il(! %��l/;' r J, �r, /�,,
of rii ralaa r /i/r//airir/i /f � ✓!' IS%;9 qvi i" IJ19'r ''w�
r
.�
1� I) ,bbW/III H r��/r,
.
' � ✓ /'� U r��� or Hf 1//l � r ����' �9 f
.................�
i
iit !ii n
�` fo
h � r
n e
0
J�
v rti
r
r �... wrvwww+rvmwna � ul ✓ I��al�irF i J J rfll ,r!J Je 1 °a � �� ,
Im
J �
1.
e
rr
v
r'
4
I
„ r
f �/,���cr ,,,,,,,,,,,. ✓„ �.,r ,,,,/r,'G//,lr ,, '?''a'% r y� /y,',e, q,;, / /fir! 1` � ",..1 r,,, �
r r
r
j I
rr i
1 �Ji� u<miDf rvm�� Jri
r �� � 11� I� '✓ , !, 1J r a �, �� Ir
o � �
9
� ref
r�
ILL
�Imfmi�ImmrofroR(loartirtmmmmm�(RlRl�minnmio �imrcraw:a�mio�omfo �II�M III Ilmrr�d i ���o�ii i rnai�iior��mioummiouoirliRmi i i ol��dl fmim�o�nim�l��oo� rtlo0l ffmi��mim�mii�ifmufira�Kr rrmoa�irvrtrmmumuro� oimu�rm�mmo�rlmim�uol�mmmimni r Vmm�m�uonnfuoimroi o 16'�((fR(rtrtl Rlmiir ininr(�ronmammnim�rr rvrton��uarv�rmaa��mrtmmarnmmnaor�mm�momommam��rzm����mlrtdmmmmmr�R�ol
00
r es, P
�Nr a � � y 6N�lxM,✓/ 911f�
i
1.
IjY
All
r rel �
rw! ul ��ay irrmr�i
/
uu
1i
L
I,y
f�
i
r i
1 Y
i
��� �f f � i' fir✓
�r
d
i
y r/ If
�',
ff
i
Ir y/
VVVII�Vuiiy�uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuui J
u
�l
IiII i � r✓ l �' � r� W��; ai A fi�� I,wl,�
,f"1s 0
�dr % r,^ r o / ? r/
F
6
� r r D� ti(�„ �
s
��7
a
d'�
r ,'t
a��'✓
lit � f
r (�➢ui�r r (191 �/r!� �� u a 9,'
r ,,,„�, i Ir ;,(.%,” "" '��`:.. �;4�y,� r,r, ,,, l� 7,, 4J4 ,,:. / f rr p "`, o �r~ ! ,� ��{!;✓1�F��� y�/ r/I!� "
�"d � I �, t �� i � o'f r e rr,�> , y�ro! lRA></;; l• �, llr ril
uu
�v ' Ji !! %t, y���r ��`� ;�rol� /lJ,JI�,�°,',�j n %✓'. �'�,p14`� ��, u��"�Il "�.. n �� �',.+
I
ag"Sea
r
��wyrvry � 1Ir�y�i,
4^ �
✓� �i'1"�l ,�Jl�l(� 'r °1 �° tr"9,� r�J��, ,` ir/ �>/��% 1�'/� � I ��%�� � �* iu
i
ire
ar
Ieu �
1 �
u'
r,
�✓� /�/�ri ,r 1 4�IY"�,� r/l��1 � � „! // i �,.r /I f�%%,, r�
Y
il err b ✓ r/ r
r r A
�` �' &�yy������NNrwrryrryprcrcuuuuiiii � � /
Pori
ti
�m
1
nr ail
r
ol
00 0
° V-1 E
O
0
0 c v
tl V)
m '
° o c7
10 s V)
Om O
41 N i
41 7
3 �
O �
N �
dA on
V)
V)
o E
O
0
L 41 N
E c O
r`I U uj
An ro
O 4— N to
N N
(p N
.� E U v
0
O �
+J
E :E
A� O v)
W N C:
-1
L N 0
r9 ++
N � �
� o
a,o l a,
Q ° E
*, Q E
i
p o E
a
0
4-
0
o �
U
.�
0)
E
t
V
Mu
as a,
°
L C
G1 dA
G1 �
t (B
W
U
N
Q N
cn
° a)
•� •N O N O �
cn U E N
MINES
N
N
(6 .— m
a m ° E M
cn
> 0 U) O � .�
(6 � N
N .O O � U N
_0 O O m `~ 70
O — :3 _0 U
O O U _O `~ C/)
+� :3 U) o .Cn
IN. �—j Q Q) N
0) C:� � 'Ea 0 � 0 o �
N U •a _ J m L Z U)
�--+ 0
U) 0
EmEME
cY)
1
ti
V
i
O
O
4-0 H � v
� Q
a
4 L
>
V U
Q
W N O1 v
mom
� ° a
Q m 4 v
}a U
L � N
O
a p� 0
0 aim
V o°`
iiiilllll 1. a�ti
......................................................................................................................... it%/�� � ��, , ...
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4mvy
O a
J
4-0
M
4-+ r-I
N
V
V H
W U
H
m
to L
r 0
.M
QG
i
O a
CL mo
E00
O M oa
a �
4-0 E o
V d N
o
m
m
w �
0
a Ln
oa o c
Z
� O bp o
� J �
d O
tAL
Y
LO
s
on o
J 00
MO ++ M Vf
Q i o
.r to
7 N N p o J 0
a � a
ai ° c r4 >-
o
z
i o
� O
{H E M
fa `�
O N
J �
4-+ 'd!
H
a-+
U
U Q!
.i 4
V
A' L
W C �
H �
3
� U
dA �
� O
Q �
i
O L
OL
O
'o
V
n0
W
L
-0 O
o
0 N U
m64!)- N -�e
� O
� {/ - '
N a
cn_ m o E cu
O 2 E Q
U) (n o m
a�
> a)
— L o o
U +� r E
= j cn U '— U
O O E � � U)
U1 O U :3 U o
O `~ E � >,
(� = U c� N o o
a o ° °
O (/) N U
co
ti
O
E a
ch a)
E cu
U CU N
N U
cm 4-0
ca U E
+-0
_p _� 4-0 Q }' � CU
Co
( O a) U
p O +� O to
i
•� c CU N
•C O � ?� N �, Ca
— co
Cm CU
_ O O -C Q to
co a) cm CU .� CU � � N � � � E p
E }' CU — p
o N M � � O
N •� O N � Q p co 0 LU =co
O O
N N
00
UPI
INNER
0
r
8
45
0
o
i
i
1" • ,-
,.
r
lip a
JU
� � mmlur
uu ummm �
=
FPO
J
lJ -��
o�
O
N M
� to
III III O
N
Q " N
N
O p 0
OC
i► 4j,)-
Ln Q1
H 0
m
V 00
' O
rl
H m N F
L � N Ol r4
O 0.....
J U I I M
N °
Ln
o
4' o
_ a � -j
V E
fa
Q. O M v
EIlk ca
M
Vf
W Y
fa v kD
O a
M
E O O oq
Q=3 4-1 N c 0
00
4-0 v ° °°
Cl.
0
cv o o
O .....
Q)
Vf ,C Cl.
v
a
L,
E
0
Q .....
V M
O N
O ..... r-I
O
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
�T N O 00 to N O
r-I r-I c I
M�1
0
N
i 'i •O
E >O i
ti cn O H
O �
O O
N cm V
� o GC GJ m
O
Lo N
N E Q voi
..i O a U
U N m
E �+ oom%% 0 N
E E �O O
O `� i -0 M o o a
TOM in U
O p E _0 c
i N a� m •— —
� O a
O H 0
ca o
�+ N MENEM N V p a
_ _o N �
MENEM
O `� ° _ cc
O G� O U t r_
V� o !� ° .O Q ° p or-I
.ENEM i }i +� N F • • • O
N 0 = OU
. t� �_ OU C N
U � 'L
V O -Imm O 0 }' z
N a
+� N O
a = O = 'j
MENEM c:
O od p i�
S Q Q m U U
O •� '(� m
Z _ o c o H
v — }, 5 Q = �
MENEM O .3
a OC V Ln
'i O
O
N
N
U)
0 O O
''^^ C
VJ
U)
^,
}' U }' L
o
N U) E (6 N
N
cn O U O E
}' ) 00 U o �
U) o
U 4-0 cn OU U (� 0
O
= �O o}, C:U) o E O N E
4-0�
0 m
U p �' o
O O _� (6 O
N
CO .U M m 0 a)
_O O N N O pV o
O N 4-0 � � U m
cn c6 cn
0 a) 06 o o ,�
� U o
_ > a
O > Q O a
4-00 O
U U
N
N
,. 0
CL
1 �I� ti� m
„r dips., t ti
CL w
cr
CL c
0
pima
V
0 ;>
M
CL
0 vi
t ■
It'll OPPIP um
II�11����ti111��14���1�11�1Y I�
���Sam%
�°°�����w��s� ��������"��s�l�� � ������455555titititi5777171110111111fllfllfllfllfllllllll�uin
111��4�O11 1�1��11��11�11�1�y�10� u����p������ll��' hp����1�11111111111111111U111��1«��� p�
)
M
N
N N O
E }
N O O
'p N ,
MOMIS 4-0
it
cn O (6 N
N O}' p �
0 N U
N O 0 N __
MEMME N E N > p +�
N O 4 0 0 0
}, O U
O � � O
.,, VPoiolifoll�oliipulim�� , f,
„I,' 1%
1 h
11111111111111111811 i
I
d-
N
m
O � v
p
C:U O
LM O ♦--+ (a
L U E
O .D 0 cm
CL Q�
E O C/)
0 co
C: O
O N N
O N U N
O D
O Q co
Lm •U >
ry o
CL m N N C 'L-CL
AW • cm "
L
0 con > w > '� N
-0 E .— O cn
N C6 E Q
'U — � U m o
C) o6 a) (/)U U r
oa
(a)
a)
N U a)
-0 M N C
= a)
U)
o O) o 5 E T E
-r- a)
Z: �: . a) T)
C: -r- -0
a) 0).5 M U) cb U)
0- Z3 m
xoa) OD- ajo
LJJ - a) E a) 0 E
-0 —0 E
---v
U)
U
U)
CB
x U E
ui m C:
a) ui CL U)
U) Q U) <
T) a)
X U) LJ m
m a)- I , -a
a)
.2 .9
o E D -Z6 15
4-0
E U) D -2
0 0 o 1 0
0- CL
4 a) U) E 0 2
C: a) a)
a) I 0 M U)
_lz U)
N Q E
U) -0 0 0 <
E q 0 -
= 0 o -Lf)
4-0 co C: C: E E
0
E cm UO)
0 S-- 0 0 0 0
0 m MEE% 0-
CL0 CL . . . . . . .
LM 0 a m
CL co
06
U) _Ile
U)
:3
C;)
0 <a�
0
0
U) ui
L: > 0
-E U)
O
CIO E .51L E (D U) < J 0
E �p U) U)
:3 >1
Z, 0 0)
0 o
tf C C: 0
a U) 5 D m 0 m
UJ .T 0 0 D
1: -0 tJ a)�--
> c: - - - 2) .9
0 r_ < c c (1) - -0 U) (1)
N :3 :3 CL CL 0 0 c
U) tf 0 0 E Llj
0 M =
COL -c E tf
0 0- co z z 0 m 0
CL CL
0
CL
0
N
U .O
O �
'E
4-0
O � —
Ca
O
. O
_0
>, E —
a� E c�
N -0 O
c!� C: >
U .E
0 -0
' a--a N
N N N a
ti
N
W
U
� O
c� O
ry
� O �
Q o
O
� ca
0
N
Ca _0
Cc
lit
N
do CO
O
S O N Co
O W U
0
Q 00 N L CD
cY) lit
Z ry
um 0
%ice 1
i
r
r
L5
y�PaUNfUy%
1
t
Rr
i
r
ii
J
l
i
f
1 i
1
of
i
r
r
i
r
r r
1
f �
r
CD
cY)
i
vigil >a L
ti
ti
ti
11
a
� a
3 1
of a'c v
u lb
GC ti� a
ate+
N
4-0 L >a
4te0
U
V >a�
Im
LA O v
L
v
}+
O > L
�g o
O o�
4-0 >a�
�o
>a�
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 °o 0 0 0 0 0 0 °
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4mvy
cY)
dti�
o
C
.. do
do
.. do
H
O
� O
a-1 N otio
V
i H o
V V ti v
W �Q
W L I tioy� m
fa
0
J
ti
O
O o
fD
I
r
O
Y
ti
ti
` O
A' /
W
� L
W W
N
O
L
Y
O
Q V o0o m
i ti o
O o
0
o
a-0
V o00
.. ti
do
do
0 0o W� O� o O
MWe
N
N Q T
4-0 a
m
- C7
3
H
ti
O
ti
ti
O
.. ti
ti
ti
O
.. ti
O
ti
O
.. ti
O
ti
O
.. ti
H
ti
O
O
1
J 'y
O
N
.. ti
O
N ti
0
O
N
m
L
O v
^"l
Y
O
O
V
._ N u
i
U u tioti� Q
W �
3
ti
0
O
J
fa
W —
'L o
ti
H
O
O
O
ti
IIIIIIII
H
ti
ti
O
c
o.
ti
o
L -
u
O v
ti
0
H
O
Q
Q
O
O
L
Q
L
T
V .-
ti
O
0
a
0
0
ti
o Q
0
0
+0
V
0
0
.. ti
0
0
.. ti
0
0
.. ti
3
0
0
.. ti
ti
0
0
00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 O 0 0
CY) MWe
%Rho
i
All
r
At 44/
wqgg
/ KrJ i / i
/ l MI,
/
,
ri
IM
IIIIIIIII&
/ rii
/�� �j !r
/
�
,
'OiY
i
A /r / %'YllJiir/ iiiruu UI Y
... .............
............
= ...........
92 it
I 411"I'll
...........
21W . ............."
LIA-) CL Ell'--
M La")
IL
-.T
CD
aD
II
a)
0-0
CD
00 Lo
LO
M
,f
j
.r
aw
LL
F
IM
90
i
i a
cY)
QJ
w
Qj
z
m
M
Qj
0
Qj
I-
m
a
E
r0�
V
N�^^"
�r1
C
LU
bn Q!
Lu
c
r+w
Q!
LU
WJ
01-
o N
Lu +-J
J a--+
- > to i°1-
o iii Q '� Ol
LU� 9
i°1,
trill N
O � C) op
U I� S
J W � L �°�
W o fyi
J .�
E4-1 2s�
O GEC
a-1 E Q
4N+ W :3 L c�
O 4 0 v
U ca U U
4-J F-L
N J
V M i°1-
fa m
a-+ DA
.r_
°i
a-+ _ °1-
O *'
a
GJ O 6l
°z
t >
4-0 .
O a �l0
Z LLI
N
u p
U C 01,
a
F-
-Q,
01,
SI.
Ln O Ln O Ln o Ln O Ln O Ln O O1:1
Ln Ln M M N N c-I —i O O
;uajenmb3 ZpJ 10 sauuol:)Ia;aW uolp!W
00
cY)
!f o Adil, IW91'
0 PEA
r
U
r �
®PW
Pw
ta
Sn"
t ' 1
r ,
1 ,
J
r
, l
� 4 viii
rn
M
l;
Y"uYV
'0x
Ion
i
V
Jo
VIM
A
I
1
,
i
9
n Lo m�
VC
NS
Ell
r,
�0
�R
lu
o �
ii 1 uv<
Cluj
hr
1
�k
Jp
Y
�ror.
u
M
� Nly� v
fw
Al
OW
Ad
r
y
N
N
Q
C
a
O �o
s
N � III I rrl
I a ,
I ,
W
� a�111111� o
N °vii Lq
� Z Z
v � 3
� t
t �
O
U
N
d'
do
m
GJ a
d! o Ln
U � N lfl
m s o
Q
i
0 = o
>
a••f m G a�
L tio r
PII Z
O
(Q u
C
t qp —
J
�
.
rr
4-f
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W r:'
o boll, 11
W .
•-
LLI
�N dA
3
O
U
U
Q
4.
rII''!
NX
A�J
4 u Y Il
Y 'gyp p 4 m yr
� I
r ,
I
k
I �
.Pl rNd i ) 41 I
4
I �� � ✓I y � r� � r r �r �IE � �1:,
� � w 1 "w � L r�'�I I � � � ✓✓{ �
ray I ��n. /���'�! '' �°i �� ° .,, „� � .v ✓�' �l �A � v �t��t;�� ,
R
� m�l'r�w� �" II „'�. fd Va ��II � It .�� ��✓�',r d„�H�' - �\� � .�
z
7 � �
F� I
,�� a� jn I� j � ,..E I `'"� ✓ S n� '�i°��i � y � I "" �
� I
r
[
i
i
i
„z-
rr r
rt
Ir
r,for
r�
I
Ut
/
r
r
� r
//f
/���
w
/� ��rlll/r9�YDlll11� IIII iii �rrr��w � � i ji
r
�/ ����llllll�a411� IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ������i �,'4�', J ���
rpj ���` III uuuu�uum
,111111 i ,�
�� VIII
.; wwwtii",
r r�%%///f�ri�i�111111k V
,r
���I��u�4IIIIIIN
�/ �pl"�78W�H�I Illlm ID
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
�VIIWIIIIIU Ili0000ii �
I
x al,
f
ai/"///// Num e
�� a Illy'
'��!!�, ' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII��III� r .!�
r DO
i
,,,
o �i
,, ,,
s
� t
„/ ��
/ 1
� ��f, V
� �� i �' i
�;
i,
v./
i
Yi o� U � � G� � �i�'Y� � �I i I'iG ��
�c „, �
'✓
:, ,%f ,/
%ii"�/�
,.� 1 .. //, ��
ii�j/��
i� /- /� f
//r
%�� � �i/
�� l �//
,/��%
�% �/f/�
%����
���,,��/
i,,� ���
Y � � ��i�i
�,
°f',I,`
// � � ,�
, .,,
//
��ii, � �� �
��
/r / /.
%� ;r
;/�
��/
„��
��
��i
�//o
%% /�
H
�i'�� `%aiJ�/
,,//
1 �i���
�� ii,,l�
%� ,J';
;�
,�
��
r r
� ,
�� �.
��//( f r
.,,�f ,,,
��
� �'I;;:
r ���i��ui�,ode � ��������������������������
,;, � �� �� �iy
�� � �88W ������ i�� uuuuiu
����/
,�� ,.
� ���
,����
���/�l
cc E.
A >
-o 2 zz)8 F.
s �5 U E Vol G
B.E FT
t8 5 0 w-zj p.
.15 -6
2a
a Im cc
B.-�=" < w -
j5 1
E'p 'o�
�"2
Im ��- -_6- �!�- - U4�
c E.-S-0 M 0
4 A �s -ig-- E 0 U IL
a. Z 2> -5
�?,ig 3 tL 0 c T,�>,5 '. . 4, ,
b-5.1= 0 a: .�;.-F- >
t 4,
R-2
ti
72 A •
C q
E 0
.24
tL W
'o o 0
0 62 v o
95 t to,
44 E cc ELI 2
2.5 b
El KG FE�
15. U E�a �L F�
0-�, >
R-S >.0
-a e-- a-, >V4
gm
6 •
ti x
-go c,
es
c , " '
. R
O:E PW
P�
0 0 'E;9
loe-o
g<c)
2
2 EA ro> WN
-,a 1-0 8 a t8 E t'>'.�0,
E,8 2
0"---- RE-'S-t'2 P,8 a� �q gr""a a-
-�s --0 ���C)
-1 0.-- 42 0
20
S!,so
-!� �� -68 6z
A a
8— 0-0, o 0,� o
Z,0 0 OQ
• u n
am o -s'q �gA
x cc
0 %0
> t�tE,au 44 cr, o,;X
�,�2 u. 'Cc CL �s- 15*E--o
M
1.0
2 797 z -6
0 ti
91, - �Ei g -,a E 0
'R.Z Q �4 0
vi
uj 0 , 9-a p 2
U P >'o E., o.
�6.
.9n tl
.15 11 a'`^ I t 8�-�:0
El
E CL q 0" 50�g cc g 2 0.-"g
o"5 4.- 7�, cc g
0 00 Em o
5 - 8.
2 g �0.5
CL P-.2 o 02
LLJ
, , 0 v�1
.2 2 g H
OC
E R po z.
<
Cliff Mass Weather Blog
Will Seattle Have Enough Water This Summer?
Thursday, March 5,2015
e//cuff asset logs omco /2015/0 /will®seae® ave®enou -water-this.htmi
There has been a lot of discussion of the lack of snow in the Cascades, with snow melt being an
important source of water during the summer and early fall.
Should we worry about our water supply this summer here in Seattle and environs?
The bottom line: wise management of water by Seattle Public Utilities and increasingly efficient use of
water by the regional population will probably allow us to get through the summer without much
problem.
Although this year has been warm and relatively snow-free,there has been normal precipitation,
generally delivered every few weeks by warm,wet atmospheric river events.
Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) has a very nice website that summarizes the situation. From that website,
here is the cumulative precipitation for the city's Cedar/Tolt drainages. The blue line is the long term
average and the red line is the current year--we are very near normal.
But the cumulative snowpack is a very different story. There is only a small amount of water in the
snowpack (equivalent to about 2 inches of liquid water) compared to normal (about 30 inches). We are
FAR behind last year(green line).
But Seattle's water managers are a wise lot and they have learned from experience. There is always a
tension between storing water for summer use and the need to keep the water levels low enough to
deal with potential flooding situations. But since it is pretty clear from weather forecasts that flooding
is not very probable, and the fact that heavy precipitation periods are rare after late February, SPU has
gone into storage mode....allowing the reservoir levels to rise.
In fact, they have allowed the reservoir levels to rise far about normal for this time of the year(see
figure). Smart move.
Another big positive is that water consumption is far less recently compared to a decade or so ago, even
though Puget Sound population has grown significantly (see plot). Pretty amazing. That is due mainly to
water-conserving toilets and shower heads. Also more folks are letting their lawns brown a bit in the
summer or are planting drought tolerant plants. Even though last summer(green line)was much
warmer than normal,we used less water than the average of 1998-2008. We can be proud of ourselves.
Can we get through the summer without more snow in the mountains? My colleagues at SPU are
confident they can. And if one does a simple calculation using the above figures (assuming use of 125
million gallons a day and keeping the reservoirs above the gray (low water conditions) area...we could
get though September.
But things won't be even close. We are going to get more precipitation during the remainder of this
winter and spring. For example,the latest model runs indicate another wet, warm system coming in
next week. For example, the 72h total precipitation ending next Thursday at 4 PM (see below) has
several inches of rain over us, water that SPU will save for next summer.
The fascinating thing about this year is that it is so much like conditions we expect in roughly 2070
under global warming: warmer, less snowpack,and near-normal precipitation. If we can get through
this summer without much inconvenience it will be a good sign for our ability to adapt to a changing
climate...at least in terms of drinking water in Seattle. But it will take wise management of our water
storage and usage to ensure this.
Addendum:
What about eastern Washington? It looks like the Columbia River/Snake River systems should be in
pretty good shape because they drain off of much higher terrain that does have substantial snowpack
this year. More concerns about the Yakima Basin.
Currently functional wireless access in the Vern Burton facilities is unavailable. The CPI FreeNet service
has apparently been terminated and the free hour from OlyPen will be insufficient for any long-term
activities. This will have a negative impact on rental options and revenues for these rooms. Discussion
to include Wave's service availability and what happened to our FreeNet access.
Z
Q
J
a (D
W
a� : 06
Z c
0 � Q
'� � � �
a � U C/)
cl) E w) J 0 0 C O L C/)�W V 0 o C:
C° Q N o
L 0 E N p
W o L � � EE � ,� ��1
N .� = O m V
U O �
( � (D
0 0 0 U ce) CL
Q r
-
W
FM
Q
^L
W
O .>
4-0 ry
(1) N
� O
r � N
p w a�
�+ O
O
N -�
LM o
p
o
c}a 0
Co C6 .0 0
Q O ?- Lr c�
Q)
� co (D co N N N
n, W _ E L E L
m W C 0 0 0 0
IZ— co
O Q 2 Cn ca (n ca
U �
I-- o -0 o o
co
° o ° o
W co N O N O N O
U CU a ( (
O . .
u) u) u)
Co ~
O •
■
U
U
N
O °
ryL
c N a O � O co co
� Cn � � 0)
4-0 I 4-0 I � I 4-0 I 4-0 I
U) U) U) U) U)
■
L
p cn E O
—0 v, O v ca J
m E -o (�
L N Ca V S -�--+
uJ
En
t hry
y* 4 4
a
D
m ?` , .
L N
(� L
� O �
O ° N
dj
>I .�
> N O
O U) O N �
L Co
a.
E 'U N
O cn co
L L
a
■— Co
j p v_
O v in
CL ( 1
W
O U) O O OU M 'O
O co (n N
� O N O C6
co L-i
CD
c
cu
m
c
N
c-I
C
WJ
L
c-I
s
v
o
._ `fu
f6
o
f6 �
C�
G 00
L o
� o
s
3 ;
W
0
c
Ln
0
c
0
c
M
O
w �
O O O O O O O O O O Q O
O O O O O O O O O O
O 00 �o N O 00 to d' N Q
N c-I c-I rl r-I r-I
puo:)aS aad;aa j:)iqn:)
ti
Ln
m
c
CO
V N
O
r-I
dA
iA o
f0 `�
s
O
0
c�
00
0
Era-
c�
a�
0
a�
� o
c�
s
3
W o
c
0
c
M
O
C
O O Q O v mm oN O
O O w O
O O >
O Q
puo:)aS aad;aa j:)iqn:)
.
� U
�V x . ■ �* �xx""a
x
M
4 yf "1g p
Ir
V ■ " Q
• � 1� x N
v "
1 • Q N
O v o
WJ ■
O • ■11
.1 rl
f 11 O
p N
11 1�► O
O � O
x 1 • N
N 1� o,
' '1' f • o
M 1 O
O1 •� N
1�
N 00
111 r O
r oN
3 w �
_O ro
• •• O
•
'N
01 , O
5_
Q
■■ Q
■ ■ O O
•� 1 1��' C
\V '
1
• . �' ' ■'1 ' 1 0
3 N
W • t
x L M
11 O O
N O
x"
Ix' 1
`x
a<�� • 1f co
°o ° o o °o o r'
C C 0
0 o r
o �
puo:)aS aad laa j:)iqn:)
rn
v
0
U
O
n
N
Opp
Ate\
W
v
O C
N
dA
O
E
N O1
M uo
O >
N a
° E
X
fu
L CL
� a
> o
fa
s
3
W v
LL
O
N
C
O O O a 0 a 0 0 O
O O O
O O
O �
puo:)aS aad laa j:)iqn:)
0
0
z
00
U
Q
rl
Q
N
s CY,
4-J N
5O
G
Q E
•� cn :3
E
L C
� � 1
U
u
3 aA Q v uo
0 0
,qT
_O
0
LL N
i
E
m N x
Q m 2t
L I
s
3
W
c
N
C
7
O O O 00 0 0 00 O
O O O m cl
O O ri
O �
puo:)aS aad;aa j:)iqn:)
Ln
\
0
\
0
\
0
\
0
M
rl
c-I
rl
O
N
c-I
O o
Ira
Q O
E
M \
6N O
�01 °
V O
L \
O
(� O
O
Q O
Vf o
O
O
Q �
L �
O o
a
o °
\
\
+� o
V Ln
0
\
0
0
\
0
M
c-I
O
O O O O O O O O O O
00 r, l0 Ln M N
puo:)aS aad;aa j:)iqn:)
N
0
z
00
U
O
CL
c-I
� v
y c-
O o N
T
++ CL
o
0
,_c o
H U
Q
V �
L R U
E
CO v X
bjD� 0 �
� Q I� G 0
V c
cn •L
C
CL o
3 �
C
O 7
� M �
L 0
.� E
E
3 N I
W p
0
N
C
7
O O o 0 o O O
O O
O �
puo:)aS aad;aa j:)iqn:)
AON-01
noN-L
noN-b
noN-T
Ta0-6Z
PO-9Z
PO-£Z
Po-OZ
PO-LT
PO-bT
PO-T l
PO's
Ta0-5
PO-Z
daS-6Z
0 H daS-9Z
� daS£Z o
Q C daS-OZ LL
daS-LT >
f0 daS-bl cc
H +=
•y daS-TT 3
VbD daS 8 w
E- daS-5 E
L daS Z E
D OnV-0£ c
any LZ
•i SnV-bZ
Q
OnV-TZ
E OnV-8T 0
o
V U OnV sT a
H OnV-ZT E
GSnV-6 0
3 OnV-9 i
fb6 $nV-£
LPL U Inf-T£
L Inf-8Z
CL Inf-5Z U
.> Inf ZZ D
N Inf-6T E
X
Inf-9T m
3 O Inf-£T
_ N Inf-OT
W v Inf-L
Inf-b
Inf-T
unf-8Z
unf-5Z
unf-ZZ
unf-6T
unf-9T
unf-£l
unf-Ol
unf-L
unf-b
unf-T
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 O 00 0 O 0 O 0 0 O O LO re) C14
AON-01
noN-L
noN-b
noN-T
P0-6Z
P0-9Z
PO-£Z
PO-OZ
PO-LT
PO-bT
130-11
10-8
PO-S
PO-Z
N
s daS-6Z
0 O daS-9Z
�..� daS-£Z o
daS-OZ `L
E daS LT
U daS-bl cc
.O daS-TT 3
0 3 daS 8 w
(,� D daS-S E
L C daS-Z E
.i SnV-0£
Q any LZ
E OnV-bZ
O
U Snt/-TZ
� any-gT 2 o
V O Sny-ST E CL
0 Sny-ZT N
A 2ny-6 0
3 f0 Ony-9 i
C 2ny-£
LL w Inf-T£
Inf-8Z -2
iInf SZ E
d Inf ZZ E
Inf-6T x
m
S N Inf 9T 2t
3 Inf-£T
Inf-OT
W O Inf-L
N
`-' Inf-b
Inf-T
unf-8Z
unf-SZ
unf-ZZ
unf-6T
unf-9T
unf-£l
unf-OT
unf-L
unf-b
unf-T
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 01 00 I� lD Lf1 M
AON-01
noN-L
noN-b
noN-T
P0-6Z
P0-9Z
PO-£Z
Ta0-OZ
Ta0-LT
130171
Ta0-T T
130-8
130-5
PO-Z
N
t daS-6Z
0 O daS-9Z
j daS-£Z
daS-OZ o
LL
E
daS-LT �
3 U daS-bT
o=
a daS-TT co
0 7 daS-8 3
(,� D daS-S u
AL C daS-Z
W N
4-4 i any 0£ >
Q any LZ Q
E 2nV-bZ
O
U $nt1-TZ
2ny-8T o
V O Sny-ST C CL
Ony-ZT :3
Ln
Ony-6 0
3 G 2ny-9
0 2ny-£
LL W Inf-T£
Inf-8Z
v Inf-SZ 0)
d Inf-ZZ m
Inf-6T >
Sp Inf-9T
3 N Inf-£T
O Inf-Ol
W O Inf-L
N
`-' Inf-b
Inf-T
unf-8Z
unf-SZ
unf-ZZ
unf-6T
unf-9T
unf-£T
unf-Ol
unf-L
unf-b
unf-T
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 01 00 I� lD Ltl M N
O E
E L O
U n
E N
0
O O
p co
L +r C13 Ca
(I) NO N -2:,
U
E Q — L p
Q N C Co
V/ O m M co
O O N U -t N
O O L
N �
� N �
CL m
Co C L
E N o 2
Co C,3
() cn
N cn C6 c�
U p co >
co Co
" oN -- -p 03 .5 �� a�
lot 0 O
4-0 ca o o
L
N -1 N N O
�
(n 2 U = U) U) �U U U
C6 O 1 1 O 1
■
$ _ r
■
CL
M CL
WL
o 1 5
O Q
� 08 o
�C o
h
i